岁阴穷暮纪，献节启新芳。冬尽今宵促，年开明日长。太史公牛马走司马迁，再拜言。少卿足下：曩者辱赐书，教以慎于接物，推贤进士为务，意气勤勤恳恳。若望仆不相师，而用流俗人之言，仆非敢如此也。仆虽罢驽，亦尝侧闻长者之遗风矣。顾自以为身残处秽，动而见尤，欲益反损，是以独郁悒而无谁语。谚曰：“谁为为之？孰令听之？”盖钟子期死，伯牙终身不复鼓琴。何则？士为知己者用，女为说己者容。若仆大质已亏缺矣，虽材怀随和，行若由夷，终不可以为荣，适足以发笑而自点耳。书辞宜答，会东从上来，又迫贱事，相见日浅，卒卒无须臾之间，得竭指意。今少卿抱不测之罪，涉旬月，迫季冬，仆又薄从上雍，恐卒然不可为讳，是仆终已不得舒愤懑以晓左右，则长逝者魂魄私恨无穷。请略陈固陋。阙然久不报，幸勿为过。仆闻之：修身者，智之符也；爱施者，仁之端也；取予者，义之表也；耻辱者，勇之决也；立名者，行之极也。士有此五者，然后可以托于世，列于君子之林矣。故祸莫憯于欲利，悲莫痛于伤心，行莫丑于辱先，诟莫大于宫刑。刑余之人，无所比数，非一世也，所从来远矣。昔卫灵公与雍渠同载，孔子适陈；商鞅因景监见，赵良寒心；同子参乘，袁丝变色：自古而耻之！夫以中材之人，事有关于宦竖，莫不伤气，而况于慷慨之士乎！如今朝廷虽乏人，奈何令刀锯之余，荐天下之豪俊哉！仆赖先人绪业，得待罪辇毂下，二十余年矣。所以自惟：上之，不能纳忠效信，有奇策材力之誉，自结明主；次之，又不能拾遗补阙，招贤进能，显岩穴之士；外之，不能备行伍，攻城野战，有斩将搴旗之功；下之，不能积日累劳，取尊官厚禄，以为宗族交游光宠。四者无一遂，苟合取容，无所短长之效，可见于此矣。乡者，仆亦尝厕下大夫之列，陪外廷末议。不以此时引维纲，尽思虑，今已亏形为扫除之隶，在阘茸之中，乃欲仰首伸眉，论列是非，不亦轻朝廷、羞当世之士邪？嗟乎！嗟乎！如仆尚何言哉！尚何言哉！且事本末未易明也。仆少负不羁之才，长无乡曲之誉，主上幸以先人之故，使得奉薄伎，出入周卫之中。仆以为戴盆何以望天，故绝宾客之知，忘室家之业，日夜思竭其不肖之材力，务一心营职，以求亲媚于主上。而事乃有大谬不然者！夫仆与李陵俱居门下，素非能相善也。趣舍异路，未尝衔杯酒，接殷勤之余欢。然仆观其为人，自守奇士，事亲孝，与士信，临财廉，取予义，分别有让，恭俭下人，常思奋不顾身，以徇国家之急。其素所蓄积也，仆以为有国士之风。夫人臣出万死不顾一生之计，赴公家之难，斯已奇矣。今举事一不当，而全躯保妻子之臣随而媒孽其短，仆诚私心痛之。且李陵提步卒不满五千，深践戎马之地，足历王庭，垂饵虎口，横挑强胡，仰亿万之师，与单于连战十有余日，所杀过当。虏救死扶伤不给，旃裘之君长咸震怖，乃悉征其左、右贤王，举引弓之民，一国共攻而围之。转斗千里，矢尽道穷，救兵不至，士卒死伤如积。然陵一唿劳军，士无不起，躬自流涕，沬血饮泣，更张空弮，冒白刃，北首争死敌者。陵未没时，使有来报，汉公卿王侯皆奉觞上寿。后数日，陵败书闻，主上为之食不甘味，听朝不怡。大臣忧惧，不知所出。仆窃不自料其卑贱，见主上惨凄怛悼，诚欲效其款款之愚，以为李陵素与士大夫绝甘分少，能得人之死力，虽古之名将，不能过也。身虽陷败，彼观其意，且欲得其当而报于汉。事已无可奈何，其所摧败，功亦足以暴于天下矣。仆怀欲陈之，而未有路，适会召问，即以此指，推言陵之功，欲以广主上之意，塞睚眦之辞。未能尽明，明主不晓，以为仆沮贰师，而为李陵游说，遂下于理。拳拳之忠，终不能自列。因为诬上，卒从吏议。家贫，货赂不足以自赎，交游莫救，左右亲近不为一言。身非木石，独与法吏为伍，深幽囹圄之中，谁可告愬者！此真少卿所亲见，仆行事岂不然乎？李陵既生降，隤其家声，而仆又佴之蚕室，重为天下观笑。悲夫！悲夫！事未易一二为俗人言也。仆之先非有剖符丹书之功，文史星历，近乎卜祝之间，固主上所戏弄，倡优所畜，流俗之所轻也。假令仆伏法受诛，若九牛亡一毛，与蝼蚁何以异？而世又不与能死节者比，特以为智穷罪极，不能自免，卒就死耳。何也？素所自树立使然也。人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛，用之所趋异也。太上不辱先，其次不辱身，其次不辱理色，其次不辱辞令，其次诎体受辱，其次易服受辱，其次关木索、被箠楚受辱，其次剔毛发、婴金铁受辱，其次毁肌肤、断肢体受辱，最下腐刑极矣！传曰“刑不上大夫。”此言士节不可不勉厉也。勐虎在深山，百兽震恐，及在槛阱之中，摇尾而求食，积威约之渐也。故士有画地为牢，势不可入；削木为吏，议不可对，定计于鲜也。今交手足，受木索，暴肌肤，受榜箠，幽于圜墙之中。当此之时，见狱吏则头抢地，视徒隶则心惕息。何者？积威约之势也。及以至是，言不辱者，所谓强颜耳，曷足贵乎！且西伯，伯也，拘于羑里；李斯，相也，具于五刑；淮阴，王也，受械于陈；彭越、张敖，南面称孤，系狱抵罪；绛侯诛诸吕，权倾五伯，囚于请室；魏其，大将也，衣赭衣，关三木；季布为朱家钳奴；灌夫受辱于居室。此人皆身至王侯将相，声闻邻国，及罪至罔加，不能引决自裁，在尘埃之中。古今一体，安在其不辱也？由此言之，勇怯，势也；强弱，形也。审矣，何足怪乎？夫人不能早自裁绳墨之外，以稍陵迟，至于鞭箠之间，乃欲引节，斯不亦远乎！古人所以重施刑于大夫者，殆为此也。夫人情莫不贪生恶死，念父母，顾妻子，至激于义理者不然，乃有所不得已也。今仆不幸，早失父母，无兄弟之亲，独身孤立，少卿视仆于妻子何如哉？且勇者不必死节，怯夫慕义，何处不勉焉！仆虽怯懦，欲苟活，亦颇识去就之分矣，何至自沉溺缧绁之辱哉！且夫臧获婢妾，犹能引决，况仆之不得已乎？所以隐忍苟活，幽于粪土之中而不辞者，恨私心有所不尽，鄙陋没世，而文采不表于后也。古者富贵而名摩灭，不可胜记，唯倜傥非常之人称焉。盖文王拘而演《周易》；仲尼厄而作《春秋》；屈原放逐，乃赋《离骚》；左丘失明，厥有《国语》；孙子膑脚，《兵法》修列；不韦迁蜀，世传《吕览》；韩非囚秦，《说难》《孤愤》；《诗》三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也。此人皆意有所郁结，不得通其道，故述往事、思来者。乃如左丘无目，孙子断足，终不可用，退而论书策，以舒其愤，思垂空文以自见。仆窃不逊，近自托于无能之辞，网罗天下放失旧闻，略考其行事，综其终始，稽其成败兴坏之纪，上计轩辕，下至于兹，为十表，本纪十二，书八章，世家三十，列传七十，凡百三十篇。亦欲以究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言。草创未就，会遭此祸，惜其不成，是以就极刑而无愠色。仆诚以着此书，藏之名山，传之其人，通邑大都，则仆偿前辱之责，虽万被戮，岂有悔哉！然此可为智者道，难为俗人言也！且负下未易居，下流多谤议。仆以口语遇遭此祸，重为乡党所笑，以污辱先人，亦何面目复上父母之丘墓乎？虽累百世，垢弥甚耳！是以肠一日而九回，居则忽忽若有所亡，出则不知其所往。每念斯耻，汗未尝不发背沾衣也！身直为闺阁之臣，宁得自引深藏于岩穴邪？故且从俗浮沉，与时俯仰，以通其狂惑。今少卿乃教以推贤进士，无乃与仆私心剌谬乎？今虽欲自雕琢，曼辞以自饰，无益，于俗不信，适足取辱耳。要之，死日然后是非乃定。书不能悉意，故略陈固陋。谨再拜。流沙丹灶没，关路紫烟沉。独伤千载后，空馀松柏林。柳阴庭院占风光，呢喃清昼长。碧波新涨小池塘，双双蹴水忙。萍散漫，絮飘飏，轻盈体态狂。为怜流去落红香，衔将归画梁。三年谪宦此栖迟，万古惟留楚客悲。秋草独寻人去后，寒林空见日斜时。汉文有道恩犹薄，湘水无情吊岂知？寂寂江山摇落处，怜君何事到天涯。

sui yin qiong mu ji .xian jie qi xin fang .dong jin jin xiao cu .nian kai ming ri chang .tai shi gong niu ma zou si ma qian .zai bai yan .shao qing zu xia .nang zhe ru ci shu .jiao yi shen yu jie wu .tui xian jin shi wei wu .yi qi qin qin ken ken .ruo wang pu bu xiang shi .er yong liu su ren zhi yan .pu fei gan ru ci ye .pu sui ba nu .yi chang ce wen chang zhe zhi yi feng yi .gu zi yi wei shen can chu hui .dong er jian you .yu yi fan sun .shi yi du yu yi er wu shui yu .yan yue ..shui wei wei zhi .shu ling ting zhi ..gai zhong zi qi si .bo ya zhong shen bu fu gu qin .he ze .shi wei zhi ji zhe yong .nv wei shuo ji zhe rong .ruo pu da zhi yi kui que yi .sui cai huai sui he .xing ruo you yi .zhong bu ke yi wei rong .shi zu yi fa xiao er zi dian er .shu ci yi da .hui dong cong shang lai .you po jian shi .xiang jian ri qian .zu zu wu xu yu zhi jian .de jie zhi yi .jin shao qing bao bu ce zhi zui .she xun yue .po ji dong .pu you bao cong shang yong .kong zu ran bu ke wei hui .shi pu zhong yi bu de shu fen men yi xiao zuo you .ze chang shi zhe hun po si hen wu qiong .qing lue chen gu lou .que ran jiu bu bao .xing wu wei guo .pu wen zhi .xiu shen zhe .zhi zhi fu ye .ai shi zhe .ren zhi duan ye .qu yu zhe .yi zhi biao ye .chi ru zhe .yong zhi jue ye .li ming zhe .xing zhi ji ye .shi you ci wu zhe .ran hou ke yi tuo yu shi .lie yu jun zi zhi lin yi .gu huo mo can yu yu li .bei mo tong yu shang xin .xing mo chou yu ru xian .gou mo da yu gong xing .xing yu zhi ren .wu suo bi shu .fei yi shi ye .suo cong lai yuan yi .xi wei ling gong yu yong qu tong zai .kong zi shi chen .shang yang yin jing jian jian .zhao liang han xin .tong zi can cheng .yuan si bian se .zi gu er chi zhi .fu yi zhong cai zhi ren .shi you guan yu huan shu .mo bu shang qi .er kuang yu kang kai zhi shi hu .ru jin chao ting sui fa ren .nai he ling dao ju zhi yu .jian tian xia zhi hao jun zai .pu lai xian ren xu ye .de dai zui nian gu xia .er shi yu nian yi .suo yi zi wei .shang zhi .bu neng na zhong xiao xin .you qi ce cai li zhi yu .zi jie ming zhu .ci zhi .you bu neng shi yi bu que .zhao xian jin neng .xian yan xue zhi shi .wai zhi .bu neng bei xing wu .gong cheng ye zhan .you zhan jiang qian qi zhi gong .xia zhi .bu neng ji ri lei lao .qu zun guan hou lu .yi wei zong zu jiao you guang chong .si zhe wu yi sui .gou he qu rong .wu suo duan chang zhi xiao .ke jian yu ci yi .xiang zhe .pu yi chang ce xia da fu zhi lie .pei wai ting mo yi .bu yi ci shi yin wei gang .jin si lv .jin yi kui xing wei sao chu zhi li .zai ta rong zhi zhong .nai yu yang shou shen mei .lun lie shi fei .bu yi qing chao ting .xiu dang shi zhi shi xie .jie hu .jie hu .ru pu shang he yan zai .shang he yan zai .qie shi ben mo wei yi ming ye .pu shao fu bu ji zhi cai .chang wu xiang qu zhi yu .zhu shang xing yi xian ren zhi gu .shi de feng bao ji .chu ru zhou wei zhi zhong .pu yi wei dai pen he yi wang tian .gu jue bin ke zhi zhi .wang shi jia zhi ye .ri ye si jie qi bu xiao zhi cai li .wu yi xin ying zhi .yi qiu qin mei yu zhu shang .er shi nai you da miu bu ran zhe .fu pu yu li ling ju ju men xia .su fei neng xiang shan ye .qu she yi lu .wei chang xian bei jiu .jie yin qin zhi yu huan .ran pu guan qi wei ren .zi shou qi shi .shi qin xiao .yu shi xin .lin cai lian .qu yu yi .fen bie you rang .gong jian xia ren .chang si fen bu gu shen .yi xun guo jia zhi ji .qi su suo xu ji ye .pu yi wei you guo shi zhi feng .fu ren chen chu wan si bu gu yi sheng zhi ji .fu gong jia zhi nan .si yi qi yi .jin ju shi yi bu dang .er quan qu bao qi zi zhi chen sui er mei nie qi duan .pu cheng si xin tong zhi .qie li ling ti bu zu bu man wu qian .shen jian rong ma zhi di .zu li wang ting .chui er hu kou .heng tiao qiang hu .yang yi wan zhi shi .yu dan yu lian zhan shi you yu ri .suo sha guo dang .lu jiu si fu shang bu gei .zhan qiu zhi jun chang xian zhen bu .nai xi zheng qi zuo .you xian wang .ju yin gong zhi min .yi guo gong gong er wei zhi .zhuan dou qian li .shi jin dao qiong .jiu bing bu zhi .shi zu si shang ru ji .ran ling yi hu lao jun .shi wu bu qi .gong zi liu ti .mei xue yin qi .geng zhang kong juan .mao bai ren .bei shou zheng si di zhe .ling wei mei shi .shi you lai bao .han gong qing wang hou jie feng shang shang shou .hou shu ri .ling bai shu wen .zhu shang wei zhi shi bu gan wei .ting chao bu yi .da chen you ju .bu zhi suo chu .pu qie bu zi liao qi bei jian .jian zhu shang can qi da dao .cheng yu xiao qi kuan kuan zhi yu .yi wei li ling su yu shi da fu jue gan fen shao .neng de ren zhi si li .sui gu zhi ming jiang .bu neng guo ye .shen sui xian bai .bi guan qi yi .qie yu de qi dang er bao yu han .shi yi wu ke nai he .qi suo cui bai .gong yi zu yi bao yu tian xia yi .pu huai yu chen zhi .er wei you lu .shi hui zhao wen .ji yi ci zhi .tui yan ling zhi gong .yu yi guang zhu shang zhi yi .sai ya zi zhi ci .wei neng jin ming .ming zhu bu xiao .yi wei pu ju er shi .er wei li ling you shuo .sui xia yu li .quan quan zhi zhong .zhong bu neng zi lie .yin wei wu shang .zu cong li yi .jia pin .huo lu bu zu yi zi shu .jiao you mo jiu .zuo you qin jin bu wei yi yan .shen fei mu shi .du yu fa li wei wu .shen you ling yu zhi zhong .shui ke gao su zhe .ci zhen shao qing suo qin jian .pu xing shi qi bu ran hu .li ling ji sheng jiang .tui qi jia sheng .er pu you er zhi can shi .zhong wei tian xia guan xiao .bei fu .bei fu .shi wei yi yi er wei su ren yan ye .pu zhi xian fei you po fu dan shu zhi gong .wen shi xing li .jin hu bo zhu zhi jian .gu zhu shang suo xi nong .chang you suo xu .liu su zhi suo qing ye .jia ling pu fu fa shou zhu .ruo jiu niu wang yi mao .yu lou yi he yi yi .er shi you bu yu neng si jie zhe bi .te yi wei zhi qiong zui ji .bu neng zi mian .zu jiu si er .he ye .su suo zi shu li shi ran ye .ren gu you yi si .huo zhong yu tai shan .huo qing yu hong mao .yong zhi suo qu yi ye .tai shang bu ru xian .qi ci bu ru shen .qi ci bu ru li se .qi ci bu ru ci ling .qi ci qu ti shou ru .qi ci yi fu shou ru .qi ci guan mu suo .bei chui chu shou ru .qi ci ti mao fa .ying jin tie shou ru .qi ci hui ji fu .duan zhi ti shou ru .zui xia fu xing ji yi .chuan yue .xing bu shang da fu ..ci yan shi jie bu ke bu mian li ye .meng hu zai shen shan .bai shou zhen kong .ji zai jian jing zhi zhong .yao wei er qiu shi .ji wei yue zhi jian ye .gu shi you hua di wei lao .shi bu ke ru .xiao mu wei li .yi bu ke dui .ding ji yu xian ye .jin jiao shou zu .shou mu suo .bao ji fu .shou bang chui .you yu yuan qiang zhi zhong .dang ci zhi shi .jian yu li ze tou qiang di .shi tu li ze xin ti xi .he zhe .ji wei yue zhi shi ye .ji yi zhi shi .yan bu ru zhe .suo wei qiang yan er .he zu gui hu .qie xi bo .bo ye .ju yu you li .li si .xiang ye .ju yu wu xing .huai yin .wang ye .shou xie yu chen .peng yue .zhang ao .nan mian cheng gu .xi yu di zui .jiang hou zhu zhu lv .quan qing wu bo .qiu yu qing shi .wei qi .da jiang ye .yi zhe yi .guan san mu .ji bu wei zhu jia qian nu .guan fu shou ru yu ju shi .ci ren jie shen zhi wang hou jiang xiang .sheng wen lin guo .ji zui zhi wang jia .bu neng yin jue zi cai .zai chen ai zhi zhong .gu jin yi ti .an zai qi bu ru ye .you ci yan zhi .yong qie .shi ye .qiang ruo .xing ye .shen yi .he zu guai hu .fu ren bu neng zao zi cai sheng mo zhi wai .yi shao ling chi .zhi yu bian chui zhi jian .nai yu yin jie .si bu yi yuan hu .gu ren suo yi zhong shi xing yu da fu zhe .dai wei ci ye .fu ren qing mo bu tan sheng e si .nian fu mu .gu qi zi .zhi ji yu yi li zhe bu ran .nai you suo bu de yi ye .jin pu bu xing .zao shi fu mu .wu xiong di zhi qin .du shen gu li .shao qing shi pu yu qi zi he ru zai .qie yong zhe bu bi si jie .qie fu mu yi .he chu bu mian yan .pu sui qie nuo .yu gou huo .yi po shi qu jiu zhi fen yi .he zhi zi chen ni lei xie zhi ru zai .qie fu zang huo bi qie .you neng yin jue .kuang pu zhi bu de yi hu .suo yi yin ren gou huo .you yu fen tu zhi zhong er bu ci zhe .hen si xin you suo bu jin .bi lou mei shi .er wen cai bu biao yu hou ye .gu zhe fu gui er ming mo mie .bu ke sheng ji .wei ti tang fei chang zhi ren cheng yan .gai wen wang ju er yan .zhou yi ..zhong ni e er zuo .chun qiu ..qu yuan fang zhu .nai fu .li sao ..zuo qiu shi ming .jue you .guo yu ..sun zi bin jiao ..bing fa .xiu lie .bu wei qian shu .shi chuan .lv lan ..han fei qiu qin ..shuo nan ..gu fen ...shi .san bai pian .da di sheng xian fa fen zhi suo wei zuo ye .ci ren jie yi you suo yu jie .bu de tong qi dao .gu shu wang shi .si lai zhe .nai ru zuo qiu wu mu .sun zi duan zu .zhong bu ke yong .tui er lun shu ce .yi shu qi fen .si chui kong wen yi zi jian .pu qie bu xun .jin zi tuo yu wu neng zhi ci .wang luo tian xia fang shi jiu wen .lue kao qi xing shi .zong qi zhong shi .ji qi cheng bai xing huai zhi ji .shang ji xuan yuan .xia zhi yu zi .wei shi biao .ben ji shi er .shu ba zhang .shi jia san shi .lie chuan qi shi .fan bai san shi pian .yi yu yi jiu tian ren zhi ji .tong gu jin zhi bian .cheng yi jia zhi yan .cao chuang wei jiu .hui zao ci huo .xi qi bu cheng .shi yi jiu ji xing er wu yun se .pu cheng yi zhuo ci shu .cang zhi ming shan .chuan zhi qi ren .tong yi da du .ze pu chang qian ru zhi ze .sui wan bei lu .qi you hui zai .ran ci ke wei zhi zhe dao .nan wei su ren yan ye .qie fu xia wei yi ju .xia liu duo bang yi .pu yi kou yu yu zao ci huo .zhong wei xiang dang suo xiao .yi wu ru xian ren .yi he mian mu fu shang fu mu zhi qiu mu hu .sui lei bai shi .gou mi shen er .shi yi chang yi ri er jiu hui .ju ze hu hu ruo you suo wang .chu ze bu zhi qi suo wang .mei nian si chi .han wei chang bu fa bei zhan yi ye .shen zhi wei gui ge zhi chen .ning de zi yin shen cang yu yan xue xie .gu qie cong su fu chen .yu shi fu yang .yi tong qi kuang huo .jin shao qing nai jiao yi tui xian jin shi .wu nai yu pu si xin la miu hu .jin sui yu zi diao zhuo .man ci yi zi shi .wu yi .yu su bu xin .shi zu qu ru er .yao zhi .si ri ran hou shi fei nai ding .shu bu neng xi yi .gu lue chen gu lou .jin zai bai .liu sha dan zao mei .guan lu zi yan chen .du shang qian zai hou .kong yu song bai lin .liu yin ting yuan zhan feng guang .ne nan qing zhou chang .bi bo xin zhang xiao chi tang .shuang shuang cu shui mang .ping san man .xu piao yang .qing ying ti tai kuang .wei lian liu qu luo hong xiang .xian jiang gui hua liang .san nian zhe huan ci qi chi .wan gu wei liu chu ke bei .qiu cao du xun ren qu hou .han lin kong jian ri xie shi .han wen you dao en you bao .xiang shui wu qing diao qi zhi .ji ji jiang shan yao luo chu .lian jun he shi dao tian ya .

新(xin)春三月燕子噙来百花，散着花香的巢儿刚刚垒成。梁间的燕子啊，糟蹋了多少鲜花多么无情！
（36）破体：指文能改变旧体，另一说为行书的一种。易水慢慢地流着，天青草绿，河山依旧，可惜到哪里再去找荆轲(ke)那样的壮士，来为他送行呢？
38.今者：近来。者：助词，附于时间词后，使时间词由单音词变成复音词，并起提顿作用。没(mei)有(you)风，小院里也没有落叶，几只虫子相对，正在吐丝。望弯弯淡虹，像是挂在小西楼上似的，鹁鸠因彩虹出现而尽情地鸣噪追逐。
（74）凶年：饥荒的年头。他们都(du)是为报君恩以命相许，视掷泰山之重如鸿毛之轻。
⑵才子：指袁拾遗(yi)。可怜庭院中的石榴树，
（65）周文王猎泾渭：周文王出猎泾水渭水之前占卜，得卦说是“所获(huo)非龙非螭，非虎非罴；所获霸王之辅。”后在渭水北(bei)边遇到了吕尚。

　　“风暖”这一联设色浓艳，《诗人玉屑》（卷三）把它归入“绮丽”一格。风是“暖”的；鸟声是“碎”的──所谓“碎”，是说轻而多，唧喳不已，洋溢着生命力，刚好与死寂的境界相对立；“日高”，见出阳光的明丽；“花影重”，可以想见花开的繁茂。绮丽而妙，既写出了盛春正午的典型景象，反衬了怨情，又承上启下，由此引出了新的联想。
　　“转蓬”的主要原因是“行药病涔涔”，“乌几重重缚，鹑衣寸寸针”。“感激在知音”。此时此际，诗人的病已具有暴发性，满头大汗，知将不起。当时洞庭湖一带甚为荒凉，无处可以求医，湖面风大，于病体不利。而家境呢？已穷得一家老小穿的是“寸寸针”的鹑衣，一张桌子破烂得要绳子捆了又捆。因此，只得投奔、拜访他的远亲昌江县令和知音。大历四年春，诗人离开岳阳至潭州、郴州等地时是由白马潭（今湘阴境内）裴隐宅出发的，曾写有《陪裴使君登岳阳楼》一诗，“礼加徐孺子，诗接谢宣城”。写出了杜甫把自己比做东汉时的名贤徐稚，把裴使君比做礼贤下士的陈蕃，可知杜甫在岳阳的数月，受到了非常好的款待。谢宣城指南北朝齐时的诗人谢眺。他文章清丽，善长五言诗，曾出任宣城太守，故又有谢宣城之称。杜甫在此处，把裴使君比为谢眺，甚为赞誉。“诗接”一语杜甫对裴使君诗歌的唱对。裴使君如此礼遇款待，一同登楼共赏湖光山冈以。此时此刻，杜甫心情能不激动。杜甫到岳阳对裴使君说，也是十分高兴的。当看到饥寒交迫的老友，如此落寞，给以温暖的款待是必然的。故杜甫在岳阳时行到了精神和物质上的安慰。故有“雪岸丛梅发，春泥百草生。敢违渔父问，从此更南征”的诗唏。裴使君在昌江也有草堂。李白诗中几处提到，并曾专程登鸭拦驿到白马矶（在今湘阴县境内）去访问过裴隐（名隐行九，在白马矶有居所，还在昌江有草堂）。贾至谪贬岳州时，与之亦有交往，依其《赠裴九待卸昌江草堂弹琴》诗所写的情况看，他是到过昌江草亲自听过裴隐弹琴的。李白、贾至、裴隐与杜甫都是诗人友好和知音。又据明清诸朝《平江县志》及该县的徐、刘、白、陈、李诸姓族谱记载：“天宝十四年（公元七七五年）发生安史之乱后，被黜的检校工部尚书兼理兵部侍郎，事荣银青光禄大夫的徐安贞与侍郎刘光谦、白琪、陈希烈、陆善经、李安甫等六个臣相，携眷属避乱，潜迹南游，至豫章黄龙寺，经超慧禅师介绍指点，谈及平江山清水秀，风光艳丽，景物宜人，遂先后流寓来平，一齐隐居平江。徐居下台，在县北五十华里的三墩建回台寺；刘居上台，在县北九十华里的幕阜山麓长庆建长庆寺；白居聚台，在县南六十里的白水，建白水寺；陈居就台，在县东的长寿岭，建惠果寺；陆在县西六十华里的芭蕉村，建芭蕉寺；李虑坐其兄林甫，累改姓孟安甫居下西乡，建九峰寺。死后在这六个地方，均有墓葬和塔牌。这就是唐六相隐平江，四乡建六寺的历史事迹。杜甫与六相，皆为同僚，曾同朝在京工合，此际病情恶化，遂转往昌江投裴隐和他的远亲昌江县令以及这　　些知音同僚好友。“转蓬忧悄悄，行药病涔涔”，正是这种心情和原因。
　　《《西洲曲》佚名 古诗》，五言三十二句，是南朝乐府民歌中少见的长篇。全文感情十分细腻，“充满了曼丽宛曲的情调，清辞俊语，连翩不绝，令人‘情灵摇荡’。”《《西洲曲》佚名 古诗》可谓这一时期民歌中最成熟最精致的代表作之一。
　　首尾不但彼此呼应，而且适成对照：当初是风起云涌，与出猎紧张气氛相应；此时是风定云平，与猎归后踌躇容与的心境相称。写景俱是表情，于景的变化中见情的消长，堪称妙笔。七句语有出典，语出《北史·斛律光传》载：北齐斛律光精通武艺，曾射中一雕，人称“射雕都督”。此言“射雕处”，借射雕处赞美将军的膂力强、箭法高。诗的这一结尾遥曳生姿，饶有余味。
　　议论性的诗歌，既要剖析事理，又要显示意象，委实很不容易。这首诗采用了近乎喜剧的表现手法：揭示矛盾，使秦始皇处于自我否定的地位。这样写表面似乎很委婉，很冷静，其实反对的态度和憎恶的感情十分鲜明。如果说这就是“怨而不怒”的表现，那么，它也不失为一种成功的艺术手法。
　　“我爱铜官乐”，诗中首句就开门见山点出全诗主旨。这里诗人直抒胸臆，豪爽坦荡，用侠人直语引出诗人对铜陵深沉爱的情感，夸张之源正在于此。爱铜陵之情，诗人先从眷恋不舍之情写起——“千年未拟还”。“千年”从时间上极度夸张，引出了诗人对铜陵爱的延绵，从时间（数字）的夸张，引出情感的夸张，表现诗人情感的真挚。诗人置酒铜官山，宴饮谈笑，挥动象征壮志的长剑助兴，拂动帘大的衣袖歌舞长啸，使读者羡慕其乐。由宴饮歌舞之乐，诗人又用夸张把情感推向高潮。