客有问余，号曰当水，逸民者谁。是胸罗星斗，熟知天命，口分造化，妙泄天机。百十日前，再三地说，端的秋来攀桂枝。那时节，果鳌头高跨，鹗首横飞。辞朝宁可身卧糟丘，赛强如命悬君手。寻几个知心友，乐以忘忧，愿作林泉叟。【混江龙】布袍宽袖，乐然何处谒王侯。但樽中有酒，身外无愁。数着残棋江月晓，一声长啸海门秋。山间深住，林下隐居，清泉濯足，强如闲事萦心。淡生涯一味谁参透，草衣木食，胜如肥马轻裘。【油葫芦】虽住在洗耳溪边不饮牛，贫自守，乐闲身翻作抱官囚。布袍宽褪拿云手，玉箫占断谈天口。吹箫伤伍员，弃瓢学许由。野云不断深山岫，谁肯官路里半途休。【天下乐】明放着伏事君王不到头，休、休，难措手，游鱼儿见食不见钩。都只为半纸功名一笔勾，急回头两鬓秋。【那咤令】谁待似落花般莺朋燕友，谁待似转灯般龙争虎头，你看这迅指间乌飞兔走。假若名利成，至如田园就，都是些去马来牛。【鹊踏枝】臣则待醉江楼，卧山丘，一任教谈笑虚名，小子封侯。臣向这仕路上为官倦首，枉尘埋了锦带吴钩。【寄生草】但得黄鸡嫩，白酒熟，一任教疏篱墙缺茅庵漏。则要窗明炕暖蒲团厚，问甚身寒腹饱麻衣旧。饮仙家水酒两三瓯，强如看翰林风月三千首。【村里迓鼓】臣离了九重宫阙，来到这八方宇宙。寻几个诗朋酒友，向尘世外消磨白昼。臣则待领着紫猿，携白鹿，跨苍虬。观着山色，听着水声，饮着玉瓯，倒大来省气力如诚惶顿首。【元和令】臣向山林得自由，比朝市内不生受。玉堂金马间琼楼，控珠帘十二钩。臣向草庵门外瀛洲，看白云天尽头。【上马娇】但得个月满舟，酒满瓯。则待雄饮醉时休，紫箫吹断三更后。畅好是休，孤鹤唳一声秋。【游四门】世间闲事挂心头，唯酒可忘忧。非是微臣常恋酒，叹古今荣辱，看兴亡成败，则待一醉解千愁。【后庭花】拣溪山好处游，向仙家酒旋篘。会三岛十洲客，强如宴公卿万户侯。不索你问缘由，把玄关泄漏。这箫声世间无，天上有，非微臣说强口。酒葫芦挂树头，打鱼船缆渡口。【柳叶儿】则待看山明水秀，不恋您市曹中物穰人稠，想高官重职难消受。学耕耨，种田畴，倒大来无虑无忧。【赚尾】既把世情疏，感谢君恩厚，臣怕饮的是黄封御酒。竹杖芒鞋任意留，拣溪山好处追游。就着这晓云收，冷落了深秋，饮遍金山月满舟。那其间潮来的正悠，船开在当熘，卧吹箫管到扬州。颇恨登临，浪自作、骚人愁语。石城上、何须苦说，死袁生褚。当日卧龙商略处，秦淮王气真何许。与君来、萧瑟北风寒，黄云暮。枕钟阜，湖玄武。生此虎，真蹲踞。看四山环合，休临江渚。可笑唐人无意度，却言此虎凌波去。君且住、明月为人来，潮生浦。歌尘凝燕叠，又软语、在雕梁。记剪烛调弦，翻香校谱，学品伊凉。屏山梦云正暖，放东风、卷雨入巫阳。金冷红条孔雀，翠间彩结鸳鸯。银缸。焰冷小兰房。夜悄怯更长。待采叶题诗，含情赠远，烟水茫茫。春妍尚如旧否，料啼痕、暗里浥红妆。须觅流莺寄语，为谁老却刘郎。侍马昂夫相公游柯山紫霞仙侣翠云裘，文彩风流。新诗题满凤凰楼，挥吟袖，来作烂柯游。【幺】王樵不管梅花瘦，教白鹤舞着相留。听我歌，为君寿。一杯春酒，一曲小梁州。理琴寒指倦，试药黑髭生。时泰难云卧，随看急诏行。明日东津归路，正梅花霜暖，春上枝头。看连旗列鼓，送客下江楼。对云山、千年不老，向楼前、阅尽几行舟。留名在，严陵滩下，日夜东流。甚两两、凌风驾虎。恁天孙标致，月娥眉妩。一笑生春，那学世间儿女。笔床砚滴曾窥处，有西山、青眼如故。素笺寄与，玉箫声彻，凤鸣鸾舞。月日，居易白。微之足下：自足下谪江陵至于今，凡枉赠答诗仅百篇。每诗来，或辱序，或辱书，冠于卷首，皆所以陈古今歌诗之义，且自叙为文因缘，与年月之远近也。仆既受足下诗，又谕足下此意，常欲承答来旨，粗论歌诗大端，并自述为文之意，总为一书，致足下前。累岁已来，牵故少暇，间有容隙，或欲为之；又自思所陈，亦无出足下之见；临纸复罢者数四，卒不能成就其志，以至于今。今俟罪浔阳，除盥栉食寝外无余事，因览足下去通州日所留新旧文二十六轴，开卷得意，忽如会面，心所畜者，便欲快言，往往自疑，不知相去万里也。既而愤悱之气，思有所浊，遂追就前志，勉为此书，足下幸试为仆留意一省。夫文，尚矣，三才各有文。天之文三光首之；地之文五材首之；人之文《六经》首之。就《六经》言，《诗》又首之。何者？圣人感人心而天下和平。感人心者，莫先乎情，莫始乎言，莫切乎声，莫深乎义。诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。上自圣贤，下至愚騃，微及豚鱼，幽及鬼神。群分而气同，形异而情一。未有声入而不应、情交而不感者。圣人知其然，因其言，经之以六义；缘其声，纬之以五音。音有韵，义有类。韵协则言顺，言顺则声易入；类举则情见，情见则感易交。于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。五帝三皇所以直道而行、垂拱而理者，揭此以为大柄，决此以为大窦也。故闻“元首明，股肱良”之歌，则知虞道昌矣。闻五子洛汭之歌，则知夏政荒矣。言者无罪，闻者足诫，言者闻者莫不两尽其心焉。洎周衰秦兴，采诗官废，上不以诗补察时政，下不以歌泄导人情。用至于谄成之风动，救失之道缺。于时六义始剚矣。《国风》变为《骚辞》，五言始于苏、李。《诗》、《骚》皆不遇者，各系其志，发而为文。故河梁之句，止于伤别；泽畔之吟，归于怨思。彷徨抑郁，不暇及他耳。然去《诗》未远，梗概尚存。故兴离别则引双凫一雁为喻，讽君子小人则引香草恶鸟为比。虽义类不具，犹得风人之什二三焉。于时六义始缺矣。晋、宋已还，得者盖寡。以康乐之奥博，多溺于山水；以渊明之高古，偏放于田园。江、鲍之流，又狭于此。如梁鸿《五噫》之例者，百无一二。于时六义浸微矣！陵夷至于梁、陈间，率不过嘲风雪、弄花草而已。噫！风雪花草之物，三百篇中岂舍之乎？顾所用何如耳。设如“北风其凉”，假风以刺威虐；“雨雪霏霏”，因雪以愍征役；“棠棣之华”，感华以讽兄弟；“采采芣苡”，美草以乐有子也。皆兴发于此而义归于彼。反是者，可乎哉！然则“余霞散成绮，澄江净如练”，“归花先委露，别叶乍辞风”之什，丽则丽矣，吾不知其所讽焉。故仆所谓嘲风雪、弄花草而已。于时六义尽去矣。唐兴二百年，其间诗人不可胜数。所可举者，陈子昂有《感遇诗》二十首，鲍防《感兴诗》十五篇。又诗之豪者，世称李、杜。李之作，才矣！奇矣！人不迨矣！索其风雅比兴，十无一焉。杜诗最多，可传者千余首。至于贯穿古今，覙缕格律，尽工尽善，又过于李焉。然撮其《新安》、《石壕》、《潼关吏》、《芦子关》、《花门》之章，“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”之句，亦不过十三四。杜尚如此，况不迨杜者乎？仆常痛诗道崩坏，忽忽愤发，或废食辍寝，不量才力，欲扶起之。嗟乎！事有大谬者，又不可一二而言，然亦不能不粗陈于左右。仆始生六七月时，乳母抱弄于书屏下，有指“之”字、“无”字示仆者，仆口未能言，心已默识。后有问此二字者，虽百十其试，而指之不差。则知仆宿习之缘，已在文字中矣。及五六岁，便学为诗。九岁谙识声韵。十五六，始知有进士，苦节读书。二十已来，昼课赋，夜课书，间又课诗，不遑寝息矣。以至于口舌成疮，手肘成胝。既壮而肤革不丰盈，未老而齿发早衰白；瞀瞀然如飞蝇垂珠在眸子中者，动以万数，盖以苦学力文之所致，又自悲。家贫多故，二十七方从乡赋。既第之后，虽专于科试，亦不废诗。及授校书郎时，已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下辈，见皆谓之工，其实未窥作者之域耳。自登朝来，年齿渐长，阅事渐多。每与人言，多询时务；每读书史，多求理道。始知文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。是时皇帝初即位，宰府有正人，屡降玺书，访人急病。仆当此日，擢在翰林，身是谏官，月请谏纸。启奏之间，有可以救济人病，裨补时阙，而难于指言者，辄咏歌之，欲稍稍进闻于上。上以广宸听，副忧勤；次以酬恩奖，塞言责；下以复吾平生之志。岂图志未就而悔已生，言未闻而谤已成矣！又请为左右终言之。凡闻仆《贺雨诗》，众口籍籍，以为非宜矣；闻仆《哭孔戡诗》，众面脉脉，尽不悦矣；闻《秦中吟》，则权豪贵近者，相目而变色矣；闻《登乐游园》寄足下诗，则执政柄者扼腕矣；闻《宿紫阁村》诗，则握军要者切齿矣！大率如此，不可遍举。不相与者，号为沽誉，号为诋讦，号为讪谤。苟相与者，则如牛僧孺之诫焉。乃至骨肉妻孥，皆以我为非也。其不我非者，举世不过三两人。有邓鲂者，见仆诗而喜，无何鲂死。有唐衢者，见仆诗而泣，未几而衢死。其余即足下。足下又十年来困踬若此。呜唿！岂六义四始之风，天将破坏，不可支持耶？抑又不知天意不欲使下人病苦闻于上耶？不然，何有志于诗者，不利若此之甚也！然仆又自思关东一男子耳，除读书属文外，其他懵然无知，乃至书画棋博，可以接群居之欢者，一无通晓，即其愚拙可知矣！初应进士时，中朝无缌麻之亲，达官无半面之旧；策蹇步于利足之途，张空拳于战文之场。十年之间，三登科第，名落众耳，迹升清贯，出交贤俊，入侍冕旒。始得名于文章，终得罪于文章，亦其宜也。日者闻亲友间说，礼、吏部举选人，多以仆私试赋判为准的。其余诗句，亦往往在人口中。仆恧然自愧，不之信也。及再来长安，又闻有军使高霞寓者，欲聘倡妓，妓大夸曰：“我诵得白学士《长恨歌》，岂同他哉？”由是增价。又足下书云：到通州日，见江馆柱间有题仆诗者。何人哉？又昨过汉南日，适遇主人集众娱乐，他宾诸妓见仆来，指而相顾曰：此是《秦中吟》、《长恨歌》主耳。自长安抵江西三四千里，凡乡校、佛寺、逆旅、行舟之中，往往有题仆诗者；士庶、僧徒、孀妇、处女之口，每有咏仆诗者。此诚雕篆之戏，不足为多，然今时俗所重，正在此耳。虽前贤如渊、云者，前辈如李、杜者，亦未能忘情于其间。古人云：“名者公器，不可多取。”仆是何者，窃时之名已多。既窃时名，又欲窃时之富贵，使己为造物者，肯兼与之乎？今之屯穷，理固然也。况诗人多蹇，如陈子昂、杜甫，各授一拾遗，而屯剥至死。孟浩然辈不及一命，穷悴终身。近日孟郊六十，终试协律；张籍五十，未离一太祝。彼何人哉！况仆之才又不迨彼。今虽谪佐远郡，而官品至第五，月俸四五万，寒有衣，饥有食，给身之外，施及家人。亦可谓不负白氏子矣。微之，微之！勿念我哉！仆数月来，检讨囊帙中，得新旧诗，各以类分，分为卷目。自拾遗来，凡所遇所感，关于美刺兴比者；又自武德至元和，因事立题，题为“新乐府”者，共一百五十首，谓之讽谕诗。又或退公独处，或移动病闲居，知足保和，吟玩性情者一百首，谓之”闲适诗“。又有事物牵于外，情理动于内，随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首，谓之”感伤诗“。又有五言、七言、长句、绝句，自一百韵至两百韵者四百余首，谓之”杂律诗“。凡为十五卷，约八百首。异时相见，当尽致于执事。微之，古人云：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。”仆虽不肖，常师此语。大丈夫所守者道，所待者时。时之来也，为云龙，为风鹏，勃然突然，陈力以出；时之不来也，为雾豹，为冥鸿，寂兮寥兮，奉身而退。进退出处，何往而不自得哉！故仆志在兼济，行在独善，奉而始终之则为道，言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗，兼济之志也；谓之闲适诗，独善之义也。故览仆诗者，知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗，或诱于一时一物，发于一笑一吟，率然成章，非平生所尚者，但以亲朋合散之际，取其释恨佐欢，今铨次之间，未能删去。他时有为我编集斯文者，略之可也。微之，夫贵耳贱目，荣古陋今，人之大情也。仆不能远征古旧，如近岁韦苏州歌行，才丽之外，颇近兴讽；其五言诗，又高雅闲淡，自成一家之体，今之秉笔者谁能及之？然当苏州在时，人亦未甚爱重，必待身后，人始贵之。今仆之诗，人所爱者，悉不过杂律诗与《长恨歌》已下耳。时之所重，仆之所轻。至于讽谕者，意激而言质；闲适者，思澹而辞迂。以质合迂，宜人之不爱也。今所爱者，并世而生，独足下耳。然百千年后，安知复无如足下者出，而知爱我诗哉？故自八九年来，与足下小通则以诗相戒，小穷则以诗相勉，索居则以诗相慰，同处则以诗相娱。知吾罪吾，率以诗也。如今年春游城南时，与足下马上相戏，因各诵新艳小律，不杂他篇，自皇子陂归昭国里，迭吟递唱，不绝声者二十里余。攀、李在傍，无所措口。知我者以为诗仙，不知我者以为诗魔。何则？劳心灵，役声气，连朝接夕，不自知其苦，非魔而何？偶同人当美景，或花时宴罢，或月夜酒酣，一咏一吟，不觉老之将至。虽骖鸾鹤、游蓬瀛者之适，无以加于此焉，又非仙而何？微之，微之！此吾所以与足下外形骸、脱踪迹、傲轩鼎、轻人寰者，又以此也。当此之时，足下兴有余力，且欲与仆悉索还往中诗，取其尤长者，如张十八古乐府，李二十新歌行，卢、杨二秘书律诗，窦七、元八绝句，博搜精掇，编而次之，号为《元白往还集》。众君子得拟议于此者，莫不踊跃欣喜，以为盛事。嗟乎！言未终而足下左转，不数月而仆又继行，心期索然，何日成就？又可为之太息矣！仆常语足下，凡人为文，私于自是，不忍于割截，或失于繁多。其间妍媸，益又自惑。必待交友有公鉴无姑息者，讨论而削夺之，然后繁简当否，得其中矣。况仆与足下，为文尤患其多。己尚病，况他人乎？今且各纂诗笔，粗为卷第，待与足下相见日，各出所有，终前志焉。又不知相遇是何年，相见是何地，溘然而至，则如之何？微之知我心哉！浔阳腊月，江风苦寒，岁暮鲜欢，夜长少睡。引笔铺纸，悄然灯前，有念则书，言无铨次。勿以繁杂为倦，且以代一夕之话言也。居易自叙如此，文士以为信然。遥想楚王云梦泽，蜺旌羽盖定空还。踏峨峰，腾华顶，卧王官。青山与汝卒岁，紫茹可登盘。乞得白翁归处，莫学缁郎更误，危梦倚栏干。多谢长生曲，颜面怕人看。

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ran .chen li yi chu .shi zhi bu lai ye .wei wu bao .wei ming hong .ji xi liao xi .feng shen er tui .jin tui chu chu .he wang er bu zi de zai .gu pu zhi zai jian ji .xing zai du shan .feng er shi zhong zhi ze wei dao .yan er fa ming zhi ze wei shi .wei zhi feng yu shi .jian ji zhi zhi ye .wei zhi xian shi shi .du shan zhi yi ye .gu lan pu shi zhe .zhi pu zhi dao yan .qi yu za lv shi .huo you yu yi shi yi wu .fa yu yi xiao yi yin .lv ran cheng zhang .fei ping sheng suo shang zhe .dan yi qin peng he san zhi ji .qu qi shi hen zuo huan .jin quan ci zhi jian .wei neng shan qu .ta shi you wei wo bian ji si wen zhe .lue zhi ke ye .wei zhi .fu gui er jian mu .rong gu lou jin .ren zhi da qing ye .pu bu neng yuan zheng gu jiu .ru jin sui wei su zhou ge xing .cai li zhi wai .po jin xing feng .qi wu yan shi .you gao ya xian dan .zi cheng yi jia zhi ti .jin zhi bing bi zhe shui neng ji zhi .ran dang su zhou zai shi .ren yi wei shen ai zhong .bi dai shen hou .ren shi gui zhi .jin pu zhi shi .ren suo ai zhe .xi bu guo za lv shi yu .chang hen ge .yi xia er .shi zhi suo zhong .pu zhi suo qing .zhi yu feng yu zhe .yi ji er yan zhi .xian shi zhe .si dan er ci you .yi zhi he you .yi ren zhi bu ai ye .jin suo ai zhe .bing shi er sheng .du zu xia er .ran bai qian nian hou .an zhi fu wu ru zu xia zhe chu .er zhi ai wo shi zai .gu zi ba jiu nian lai .yu zu xia xiao tong ze yi shi xiang jie .xiao qiong ze yi shi xiang mian .suo ju ze yi shi xiang wei .tong chu ze yi shi xiang yu .zhi wu zui wu .lv yi shi ye .ru jin nian chun you cheng nan shi .yu zu xia ma shang xiang xi .yin ge song xin yan xiao lv .bu za ta pian .zi huang zi bei gui zhao guo li .die yin di chang .bu jue sheng zhe er shi li yu .pan .li zai bang .wu suo cuo kou .zhi wo zhe yi wei shi xian .bu zhi wo zhe yi wei shi mo .he ze .lao xin ling .yi sheng qi .lian chao jie xi .bu zi zhi qi ku .fei mo er he .ou tong ren dang mei jing .huo hua shi yan ba .huo yue ye jiu han .yi yong yi yin .bu jue lao zhi jiang zhi .sui can luan he .you peng ying zhe zhi shi .wu yi jia yu ci yan .you fei xian er he .wei zhi .wei zhi .ci wu suo yi yu zu xia wai xing hai .tuo zong ji .ao xuan ding .qing ren huan zhe .you yi ci ye .dang ci zhi shi .zu xia xing you yu li .qie yu yu pu xi suo huan wang zhong shi .qu qi you chang zhe .ru zhang shi ba gu le fu .li er shi xin ge xing .lu .yang er mi shu lv shi .dou qi .yuan ba jue ju .bo sou jing duo .bian er ci zhi .hao wei .yuan bai wang huan ji ..zhong jun zi de ni yi yu ci zhe .mo bu yong yue xin xi .yi wei sheng shi .jie hu .yan wei zhong er zu xia zuo zhuan .bu shu yue er pu you ji xing .xin qi suo ran .he ri cheng jiu .you ke wei zhi tai xi yi .pu chang yu zu xia .fan ren wei wen .si yu zi shi .bu ren yu ge jie .huo shi yu fan duo .qi jian yan chi .yi you zi huo .bi dai jiao you you gong jian wu gu xi zhe .tao lun er xiao duo zhi .ran hou fan jian dang fou .de qi zhong yi .kuang pu yu zu xia .wei wen you huan qi duo .ji shang bing .kuang ta ren hu .jin qie ge zuan shi bi .cu wei juan di .dai yu zu xia xiang jian ri .ge chu suo you .zhong qian zhi yan .you bu zhi xiang yu shi he nian .xiang jian shi he di .ke ran er zhi .ze ru zhi he .wei zhi zhi wo xin zai .xun yang la yue .jiang feng ku han .sui mu xian huan .ye chang shao shui .yin bi pu zhi .qiao ran deng qian .you nian ze shu .yan wu quan ci .wu yi fan za wei juan .qie yi dai yi xi zhi hua yan ye .ju yi zi xu ru ci .wen shi yi wei xin ran .yao xiang chu wang yun meng ze .ni jing yu gai ding kong huan .ta e feng .teng hua ding .wo wang guan .qing shan yu ru zu sui .zi ru ke deng pan .qi de bai weng gui chu .mo xue zi lang geng wu .wei meng yi lan gan .duo xie chang sheng qu .yan mian pa ren kan .

春潮不断上涨，还夹带着密密细雨。荒野渡口无人(ren)，只有一只小船悠闲地横在水面。
广大：广阔。　　从那时到现在，弄虚作假的(de)现象表现在各个方面，虚伪奉承的歪风日甚一日，刚强正直的品德逐渐消亡，舔痔疮的人可以乘四匹马拉的车，正派的人只能徒步而行，对豪强之家溜须拍马，稍微有点骨气、敢于反抗这恶劣风气的，立即遭到祸殃。不择手段追逐名利者指日高升。富贵昌盛(sheng)，好坏不分，冷(leng)热难辨，奸邪之人飞黄腾达，正直的人只能隐居潜藏。
68.不死：长生不死。《山海经·海外(wai)南经》载：“不死民在交胫国东，其人黑色，长寿不死。”看到拿缰绳的人不合适啊，骏马也会蹦跳着远去。
180、达者：达观者。讨伐斟寻倾覆其船，他用何种方法取胜？
32.抵罪：因犯罪而受相应的惩罚。江山如画、历经千年仍如故，但是找不到东吴英雄孙权在此的定都处。昔日的舞榭歌台、显赫人物，都被风吹雨打化为土。斜阳照着草和树，普通的街巷和小路，人们说，武帝刘裕曾在这个地方住。想当年，他骑战马披铁甲，刀枪空中舞，气吞万里如猛虎。
⑸水：指若耶溪看见大雁南飞引起我忧愁之心，远处的山峰又衔来一轮好月。
满江红：词牌名。唐朝名《上江虹》，后改今名。清香的松树叶可以用来酿造甘甜的美酒，春天已经来临，不知这种美酒你到底酿造了多少呢？
[9]少焉：一会儿。想沿着大道平稳驱车啊，怎样去做却又不知道。
如此：像这样，指在桃花源的见闻。将军都护手冻得拉不开弓，铁甲冰冷得让人难以穿着。
（2）离亭：古代送别之所。背着斗笠披着斜阳，独回青山渐行渐远。
45. 雨：下雨，动词。

　　本文在结构上采取了层层深入的写法。开头先泛论“士君子立身事主”的要求，并不直接提到豫让。第二段中把豫让的言行进行了简短的概括，并提出了作者的初步评价。第三段才是全文的重点，他不但论证了豫让之死为不足取，而又为其设计了一整套的对智伯进行规劝的方案，可称周到之至。结尾时又做了一点补充，这就使得全文浑然一体，令人心服口服了。
　　第十七首诗，也是最后一首，以黯然离别秋浦作结，传达了一种伤感的情调。
　　这首诗的结构很不匀称，前一部分为十二句，后一部分只有四句。前十二句诗人用浓墨重笔，从才艺出众、气质雍容、姿色美艳、妆饰华贵、感情深沉专一等各个侧面，精心地刻画出一个动人的美女形象。但后四句陡然逆转，却又把这一形象的价值轻轻地一笔勾销了。而且前十二句越是把真珠描绘得可爱可贵，其结果却是她越被反跌得可叹可悲。这种奇突的结构形式，更加深刻地突出了真珠这一人物的悲剧命运，有力地强化了全诗的主题。
　　这是一首早期律诗。全篇都是律句和律联，但前两联之间并后两联之间都失粘；三四句处于颔联的位置上，本该用对仗，却只是两句一意的十字句而并不构成流水对。该粘而不粘，该用对仗而不用，这些都是律诗在演进过程中留下的一些重要的迹象。
　　颔联“烟尘犯雪岭，鼓角动江城”二句承上“用兵”，具体写吐蕃侵蜀之事。“烟尘”，吐蕃兵马过处尘土蔽天，代指吐蕃军队。“鼓角动江城”写备战情形。“动”字既显出战争的紧迫，形势的严重，又写出吐蕃入侵给社会带来的动荡。这一联相当警策生动，前句写雪岭，后句写江城；前句写吐蕃，后句写唐军；前句是所闻，后句是亲见；一远一近，概括而形象地写出吐蕃来势之猛和在社会上引起的震动。
　　这首诗的艺术性是很高的，其一，他把歌咏者与被歌咏者的思想感情融二为一，说你也是说我，说我也是说你，命运相同、息息相关。琵琶女叙述身世后，诗人以为他们“同是天涯沦落人”；诗人叙述身世后，琵琶女则“感我此言良久立”，琵琶女再弹一曲后，诗人则更是“江州司马青衫湿。”风尘知己，处处动人怜爱。其二，诗中的写景物、写音乐，手段都极其高超，而且又都和写身世、抒悲慨紧密结合，气氛一致，使作品自始至终浸沉在一种悲凉哀怨的氛围里。其三，作品的语言生动形象，具有很强的概括力，而且转关跳跃，简洁灵活，所以整首诗脍炙人口，极易背诵。诸如“千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面”；“别有幽情暗恨生，此时无声胜有声”；“门前冷落车马稀，老大嫁作商人妇”；“夜深忽梦少年事，梦啼妆泪红阑干”；“同是天涯沦落人，相逢何必曾相识”，等等都是多么凝炼优美、多么叩人心扉的语句啊！
　　最后，作者评花进而对“爱”也作出评价：“噫！菊之爱，陶后鲜有闻；莲之爱，同予者何人？牡丹之爱，宜乎众矣！”深深地慨叹：当今之世真隐者少，有德者寡，而趋炎附势钻刺富贵之门的小人比比皆是；这莽莽红尘，能有几个志同道合之人，共同去根治这社会痼疾呢？这里先用花进行比喻，让花的特性喻人，虽平淡，但比喻帖切，然后借花喻人，将陶渊明的避世，世人皆追求荣华富贵的心态描写的淋漓尽致。言下虽不免流露出一种孤掌难鸣的哀怨，但意味深长，无情地鞭挞了那些寡廉鲜耻之徒。这里，周敦颐是高傲的，他那种不从众只求纯净的心态，在碌碌尘世中是难能可贵的。他感叹，是因为世风日下，大多数人皆被世事玷染。
　　诗共十二句，分成三个部分。开头两句写天河。天河，绚烂多姿，逗人遐想，引导他由现实世界进入幻想世界。天河在转动，回荡着的流星，泛起缕缕银光。星云似水，沿着“河床”流淌，凝神谛听，仿佛潺潺有声。这些是诗人站在地面上仰望星空的所见所感，写实之中揉有一些虚构成分，显示了想象的生发过程。