康熙五十一年三月，余在刑部狱，见死而由窦出者，日四三人。有洪洞令杜君者，作而言曰：“此疫作也。今天时顺正，死者尚稀，往岁多至日数十人。”余叩所以。杜君曰：“是疾易传染，遘者虽戚属不敢同卧起。而狱中为老监者四，监五室，禁卒居中央，牖其前以通明，屋极有窗以达气。旁四室则无之，而系囚常二百余。每薄暮下管键，矢溺皆闭其中，与饮食之气相薄，又隆冬，贫者席地而卧，春气动，鲜不疫矣。狱中成法，质明启钥，方夜中，生人与死者并踵顶而卧，无可旋避，此所以染者众也。又可怪者，大盗积贼，杀人重囚，气杰旺，染此者十不一二，或随有瘳，其骈死，皆轻系及牵连佐证法所不及者。”余曰：“京师有京兆狱，有五城御史司坊，何故刑部系囚之多至此？”杜君曰：“迩年狱讼，情稍重，京兆、五城即不敢专决；又九门提督所访缉纠诘，皆归刑部；而十四司正副郎好事者及书吏、狱官、禁卒，皆利系者之多，少有连，必多方钩致。苟入狱，不问罪之有无，必械手足，置老监，俾困苦不可忍，然后导以取保，出居于外，量其家之所有以为剂，而官与吏剖分焉。中家以上，皆竭资取保；其次‘求脱械居监外板屋，费亦数十金；惟极贫无依，则械系不稍宽，为标准以警其余。或同系，情罪重者，反出在外，而轻者、无罪者罹其毒。积忧愤，寝食违节，及病，又无医药，故往往至死。”余伏见圣上好生之德，同于往圣。每质狱词，必于死中求其生，而无辜者乃至此。傥仁人君子为上昌言：除死刑及发塞外重犯，其轻系及牵连未结正者，别置一所以羁之，手足毋械。所全活可数计哉？或曰：“狱旧有室五，名曰现监，讼而未结正者居之。傥举旧典，可小补也。杜君曰：“上推恩，凡职官居板屋。今贫者转系老监，而大盗有居板屋者。此中可细诘哉！不若别置一所，为拔本塞源之道也。”余同系朱翁、余生及在狱同官僧某，遘疫死，皆不应重罚。又某氏以不孝讼其子，左右邻械系入老监，号唿达旦。余感焉，以杜君言泛讯之，众言同，于是乎书。凡死刑狱上，行刑者先俟于门外，使其党入索财物，名曰“斯罗”。富者就其戚属，贫则面语之。其极刑，曰：“顺我，即先刺心；否则，四肢解尽，心犹不死。”其绞缢，曰：“顺我，始缢即气绝；否则，三缢加别械，然后得死。”唯大辟无可要，然犹质其首。用此，富者赂数十百金，贫亦罄衣装；绝无有者，则治之如所言。主缚者亦然，不如所欲，缚时即先折筋骨。每岁大决，勾者十四三，留者十六七，皆缚至西市待命。其伤于缚者，即幸留，病数月乃瘳，或竟成痼疾。余尝就老胥而问焉：“彼于刑者、缚者，非相仇也，期有得耳；果无有，终亦稍宽之，非仁术乎？”曰：“是立法以警其余，且惩后也；不如此，则人有幸心。”主梏扑者亦然。余同逮以木讯者三人：一人予三十金，骨微伤，病间月；一人倍之，伤肤，兼旬愈；一人六倍，即夕行步如平常。或叩之曰：“罪人有无不均，既各有得，何必更以多寡为差？”曰：“无差，谁为多与者？”孟子曰：“术不可不慎。”信夫！部中老胥，家藏伪章，文书下行直省，多潜易之，增减要语，奉行者莫辨也。其上闻及移关诸部，犹未敢然。功令：大盗未杀人及他犯同谋多人者，止主谋一二人立决；余经秋审皆减等发配。狱词上，中有立决者，行刑人先俟于门外。命下，遂缚以出，不羁晷刻。有某姓兄弟以把持公仓，法应立决，狱具矣，胥某谓曰：“予我千金，吾生若。”叩其术，曰：“是无难，别具本章，狱词无易，取案末独身无亲戚者二人易汝名，俟封奏时潜易之而已。”其同事者曰：“是可欺死者，而不能欺主谳者，倘复请之，吾辈无生理矣。”胥某笑曰：“复请之，吾辈无生理，而主谳者亦各罢去。彼不能以二人之命易其官，则吾辈终无死道也。”竟行之，案末二人立决。主者口呿舌挢，终不敢诘。余在狱，犹见某姓，狱中人群指曰：“是以某某易其首者。”胥某一夕暴卒，众皆以为冥谪云。凡杀人，狱词无谋、故者，经秋审入矜疑，即免死。吏因以巧法。有郭四者，凡四杀人，复以矜疑减等，随遇赦。将出，日与其徒置酒酣歌达曙。或叩以往事，一一详述之，意色扬扬，若自矜诩。噫！渫恶吏忍于鬻狱，无责也；而道之不明，良吏亦多以脱人于死为功，而不求其情，其枉民也亦甚矣哉！奸民久于狱，与胥卒表里，颇有奇羡。山阴李姓以杀人系狱，每岁致数百金。康熙四十八年，以赦出。居数月，漠然无所事。其乡人有杀人者，因代承之。盖以律非故杀，必久系，终无死法也。五十一年，复援赦减等谪戍，叹曰：“吾不得复入此矣！”故例：谪戍者移顺天府羁候。时方冬停遣，李具状求在狱候春发遣，至再三，不得所请，怅然而出。苍黄负谴走商颜，保得微躬出武关。携筇深去不知处，几叹山阿隔酒家。湖岸春耕废，江城战鼓喧。儒冠解相误，学剑尽乘轩。投文得仕而今少，佩印还家古所荣。（送周繇之建德。上已游嘉禾南湖歌者为豪夺扣舷自歌邻舟皆笑三月三天霁吹晴，见麟凤沧州，鸳鹭沙汀。华鼓清箫，红云兰棹，青纻旗亭。细看来春风世情，都分在流水歌声。劣燕娇莺，冷笑诗仙，击楫扬舲。客窗清明风风雨雨梨花，窄索帘栊，巧小窗纱。甚情绪灯前，客怀枕畔，心事天涯。三千丈清愁鬓发，五十年春梦繁华。蓦见人家，杨柳分烟，扶上檐牙。雨窗寄刘梦鸾赴宴以侑樽云妒韶华风雨潇潇，管月犯南箕，水漏天瓢。湿金缕莺裳，红膏燕嘴，黄粉蜂腰。梨花梦龙绡泪今春瘦了，海棠魂羯鼓声昨夜惊者。极目江皋，锦涩行云，香暗归潮。赠张氏天香善填曲时在阳羡莫侯席上月明一片缃云，揉做清芬，吹下昆仑。胜浅浅兰烟、靠靠花雾、淡淡梅魂。这气昧温柔可人，那风流旖旎生春。声迹相闻，多少余芳，散在干坤。自述华阳巾鹤氅蹁跹，铁笛吹云，竹杖撑天。伴柳怪花妖、鳞祥凤瑞、酒圣诗禅。不应举江湖状元，不思凡风月神仙。断简残编，翰墨云烟，香满山川。张谦斋左辖席上索赋卷鲸川吸尽春云，曲妙重歌，酒冷还温。裁甚乌纱，尽他白发，醉个红裙。想献玉遭刑费本，算挥金买笑何村，俯仰干坤，多少英雄，不到麒麟。寄远怎生来宽掩了裙儿，为玉削肌肤，香褪腰肢。饭不沾匙，睡如翻饼，气若游丝。得受用遮莫害死，果实诚有甚推辞？干闹了若干时。草本儿欢娱，书彻货儿相思。云雨期一枕南柯，破镜分钗，对酒当歌。想驿路风烟、马头星月，雁底关河。往日个殷勤访我，近新来憔悴因他．淡却双蛾，哭损秋波，台候如何？忘了人呵。越楼见姬梳洗已倚立娇困若不胜情因记隔朱楼杨柳青青，烟锁窗纱，风动帘旌。爱镜睹婵娟、粉吹旖旎、玉立娉婷。翘凤头金钗整整，朵松花云髻亭亭。个样心情，困托香腮，斜倚云屏。登澄江君山有平原君墓并手植桧至绝顶甚壮人气宇芙蓉城古意山川，葬玉当时，植桧何年？江树阴阴，江帆隐隐，江草芊芊。蘸海渎东南半天，望金焦西北双拳。巾袂蹁跹，不索浮莲，挟取飞仙。红梅徐德可索赋类卷从来不假铅华，试耍学宫妆，醉笑吴娃。返老还童，脱胎换骨，饱养烟霞。罗浮梦休猜做杏花，萼绿仙曾服甚丹砂？春在天涯，紫蜡封香，寄与谁家。帘内佳人瞿子成索赋鲛绡不卷闲情，翠织玲珑，玉立聘婷。倚动银钩，耍吹罗带，笔振金铃。迷楚云花昏柳瞑，隔湘烟水秀山明。楼外人行，休放春愁，难掩风声。西湖忆黄氏所居多时不到儿家，想绳挂秋千、弦断琵琶、眉淡兰烟、钗横梭玉、粉褪铅华。软龙绡尘蒙宝鸭，烂胭脂雨过金沙。隔个窗纱，梦断东风，门外啼鸦。贾侯席上赠李楚仪洗妆明雪色芙蓉，默默情怀，楚楚仪容。甚烟雨江头，移根何在，桃李场中。尽劣燕娇莺冗冗，笑落花飞絮濛濛。湘水西东，怅望蹇衣，玉立秋风。登姑苏台百花洲上新台，帘吻云平，图画天开。鹏俯沧溟，蜃横城市，鳌驾蓬莱。学捧心山颦翠色，怅悬头土湿腥苔。悼古兴怀，休近阑干，万丈尘埃。会州判文从周自维扬来道楚仪李氏意文章杜牧风流，照夜花灯，载月兰舟。老我江湖，少年谈笑，薄幸名留。赠杨柳人初病酒，采芙蓉客已惊秋。醉梦悠悠，雁到南楼，寄点新愁。赠罗真真罗浮梦里真仙，双锁螺鬟，九晕珠钿。晴柳纤柔，春葱细腻，秋藕匀圆。酒盏儿里殃及出些腼腆，画巾争儿上换下来的婵娟。试问尊前，月落参横，今夕何年？富子明寿梨花院羯鼓挝晴，恰暮雨黄昏、新火清明。歌倚缑笙，香温汉鼎，酒暖吴橙。贺绿鬓朱颜寿星，是轻衫矮帽书生。趁取鹏程，快意风云，唾手功名。丙子游越怀古蓬莱老树苍云，不黍高低，狐兔纷坛。半折残碑，空余故址，总是黄尘。东晋亡也再难寻个右军，西施去也绝不见甚佳人。海气长昏，啼鴂声干，天地无春。隔楼所见对望终日其媪若厌者遂下帘以蔽之织湘江一片波纹，窣下闲愁，隔断诗魂。非雾非烟，影娥池上，香梦无痕。拍画阑纤舒玉笋，启纱窗推晒罗裙。饱看娇春，倩得南薰，卷起梨云。七夕赠歌者崔徽休写丹青，雨弱云娇，水秀山明。箸点歌唇，葱枝纤手，好个卿卿。水洒不着春妆整整，风吹的倒玉立亭亭。浅醉微醒，谁伴云屏？今夜新凉。卧看双星。黄四娘沽酒当垆，一片青旗，一曲骊珠。滴露和云，添花补柳，梳洗工夫。无半点闲愁去处，问三生醉梦何如。笑倩谁扶？又被春纤，搅住吟须。秋日湖山偕白子瑞辈燕集赋以俾歌者赴拍侑樽秋声一片芦花，正落日山川，过雨人家。羡歌舞风流、太平时世、诗酒生涯。待杨柳晴春风跃马，且桂华凉夜月乘槎。一曲吴娃，笑煞江州泪满琵琶。感兴谢安江左优游，梦觉东山，声动南州。覆雨翻云，怜花宠柳，未肯回头。成时节衣冠冕旒，败时节笞杖徒流，问甚么恩仇。山塌虚名，海阔春愁。秋思红梨叶染胭脂，吹起霞绡，绊住霜枝。正万里西风，一天暮雨，两地相思。恨薄命佳人在此，问雕鞍游子何之。雁未来时，流水无情，莫写新诗。秋日与高敬臣胡善甫辈饮湖楼即事疏帘外暮雨西山，唤起诗仙，共倚阑干。杯影涵秋，歌声送晚，鬓脚生寒。添风韵春纤象板，减恩情罗扇龙檀。红藕花残，茉莉双鬟，油壁吹香，催上归鞍。劝求妓者溺盆儿刷煞终臊，待立草为标，现世生苗。时下收心，眼前改志，怎换皮毛？厌禳死花枝般老小。踢腾尽铜斗般窠巢。日夜煎熬，要撅断琴弦，别觅鸾胶。问春东君去也如何？风皱纤鳞，烟抹羞蛾。恨白眼相看，青春不管，黑发无多。香絮引鱼吞绿波，落花惊蝶梦南柯。随处行窝，载酒吴船，击筑秦歌。毗陵张师明席上赠歌妓周氏宜者宜歌宜舞宜妆，道是风流，果不寻常。粉靥堆春，金盘捧露，翠袖笼香。此际相逢蕊娘，个中谁是周郎？愁近清觞，泥醉归来，灯影昏黄。咏红蕉红蕉分钟天涯，换叶移根，灌水壅沙。娇耐秋风，清宜夜雨，艳若春华。翠袖捧银台绛蜡，绿云封玉灶丹霞。富贵人家，妆点湖山，吃喜窗纱。仲明同知坦然斋集苏老琵琶吴国良箫歌者王玉莲坦然对客高轩，烂醉梅边，占得春先。箫阮鸾声，琵琶凤尾，宝鼎龙涎。金错落三分酒浅，玉玲珑一串珠圆，谁似尊前，谈笑风流，富贵神仙。荆溪即事问荆溪溪上人家，为甚人家，不种梅花。老树支门，荒蒲绕岸，苦竹圈笆。寺无僧狐狸样瓦，官无事鸟鼠当衙。白水黄沙，倚遍阑干，数尽啼鸦。高敬臣病赋高唐何事悲秋？山在书屏，云在帘钩。尽汗漫羁情，炎凉世态，万象蜉蝣。杨柳阴吴船载酒，藕花凉楚客登楼。宾主相留，且对清江，抖擞诗愁。晋云山中奇遇赚刘郎不是桃花，偶宿山溪，误到仙家。腻雪香肌，碧螺高髻，绿晕宫鸦。掬秋水珠弹玉甲，笑春风云衬铅华。酒醒流霞。饭饱胡麻，人上篮舆，梦隔天涯。爱秋娘弄月无痕，冰雪凝妆，风露为魂。歌颤鸾钗，尘随鸳袜，酒污猩裙。巧画柳双眉浅颦，笑生花满眼娇春。好客东君，特与新诗，留取香云。西岩所见西岩楼外东风，曲曲阑干，小小帘栊。甚午困懵腾，髻鬟髟妥鬌，星眼朦胧。正落絮飞花冗冗，又夕阳流水溶溶。金缕香绒，倦绣屏床，误却春工。登毗陵永庆阁所见忽飞来南浦娇云，背影藏羞，忍笑含颦。绕鬓兰烟，沾衣花气，恼梦梅魂。似湘水行春洛神，遇天台采药刘晨。愁缕成痕，一枕余香，半醉黄昏。宴支园桂轩碧云窗户推开，便敲竹催茶，扫叶供柴。如此风流，许多标致，无点尘埃。堆金粟西方世界，散天香夜月亭台。酒令诗牌，烂醉高秋，宋玉多才。风雨登虎丘半天风雨如秋，怪石于菟，老树钩娄。苔绣禅阶，尘粘诗壁，云湿经楼。琴调冷声闲虎丘，剑光寒影动龙湫。醉眼悠悠，千古恩仇。浪卷胥魂，山锁吴愁。游琴川海虞雄踞山州，水濑丝桐，路列文楸。铺翠峰峦，染云林障，推月潮沟。有第四科贤哲子游，是几百年忠孝何侯。舞榭歌楼，酒令诗筹，官府公勤，人物风流。重九后一日游蓬莱山重阳雨冷风清，阻却王宏，淡了渊明。昨日寒英，今朝香味，未必多争。蜂与蝶从他世情，酒和花快我平生。纵步蓬瀛，会此同盟，醉眼青青。拜和靖祠双声叠韵至当时外士山祠，渐次南枝，春事些儿。枫渍殷脂，蕉撕故纸，柳死荒丝。目寒涩雄雌鹭鸶，翅参差母子鸬鹚。再四嗟咨，捻此吟髭，弹指歌诗。安溪半江亭陪雅斋元帅饮半江亭上凭阑，挝鼓楼船，弭节江湾。金虎悬符，玉龙立槊，竹树生寒。绿波转秋回俊眼，翠云堆晚列歌鬟。樽酒开颜，如此江山，人在蓬壶，图画中间。泊青田县白鹤飞下青田，叹物换星移，谷变陵迁。山瘦披云，溪虚流月，今夕何年？梦已到石门洞天，眼休惊辽海人烟。谁与周旋？虎节元臣，乌帽诗仙。自叙斗牛边缆住仙槎，酒瓮诗瓢，小隐烟霞。厌行李程途，虚花世态，潦草生涯。酒肠渴柳阴中拣云头剖瓜，诗句香梅梢上扫雪片烹茶。万事从他，虽是无田，胜似无家。毗陵晚眺江南倦客登临，多少豪雄，几许消沉。今日何堪，买田阳羡，挂剑长林。霞缕烂谁家昼锦，月钩横故国丹心。窗影灯深，磷火青青，山鬼喑喑。

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.liu qu xiang yun .xi yan suo jian xi yan lou wai dong feng .qu qu lan gan .xiao xiao lian long .shen wu kun meng teng .ji huan biao tuo duo .xing yan meng long .zheng luo xu fei hua rong rong .you xi yang liu shui rong rong .jin lv xiang rong .juan xiu ping chuang .wu que chun gong .deng pi ling yong qing ge suo jian hu fei lai nan pu jiao yun .bei ying cang xiu .ren xiao han pin .rao bin lan yan .zhan yi hua qi .nao meng mei hun .si xiang shui xing chun luo shen .yu tian tai cai yao liu chen .chou lv cheng hen .yi zhen yu xiang .ban zui huang hun .yan zhi yuan gui xuan bi yun chuang hu tui kai .bian qiao zhu cui cha .sao ye gong chai .ru ci feng liu .xu duo biao zhi .wu dian chen ai .dui jin su xi fang shi jie .san tian xiang ye yue ting tai .jiu ling shi pai .lan zui gao qiu .song yu duo cai .feng yu deng hu qiu ban tian feng yu ru qiu .guai shi yu tu .lao shu gou lou .tai xiu chan jie .chen zhan shi bi .yun shi jing lou .qin diao leng sheng xian hu qiu .jian guang han ying dong long jiao .zui yan you you .qian gu en chou .lang juan xu hun .shan suo wu chou .you qin chuan hai yu xiong ju shan zhou .shui lai si tong .lu lie wen qiu .pu cui feng luan .ran yun lin zhang .tui yue chao gou .you di si ke xian zhe zi you .shi ji bai nian zhong xiao he hou .wu xie ge lou .jiu ling shi chou .guan fu gong qin .ren wu feng liu .zhong jiu hou yi ri you peng lai shan zhong yang yu leng feng qing .zu que wang hong .dan liao yuan ming .zuo ri han ying .jin chao xiang wei .wei bi duo zheng .feng yu die cong ta shi qing .jiu he hua kuai wo ping sheng .zong bu peng ying .hui ci tong meng .zui yan qing qing .bai he jing ci shuang sheng die yun zhi dang shi wai shi shan ci .jian ci nan zhi .chun shi xie er .feng zi yin zhi .jiao si gu zhi .liu si huang si .mu han se xiong ci lu si .chi can cha mu zi lu ci .zai si jie zi .nian ci yin zi .dan zhi ge shi .an xi ban jiang ting pei ya zhai yuan shuai yin ban jiang ting shang ping lan .wo gu lou chuan .mi jie jiang wan .jin hu xuan fu .yu long li shuo .zhu shu sheng han .lv bo zhuan qiu hui jun yan .cui yun dui wan lie ge huan .zun jiu kai yan .ru ci jiang shan .ren zai peng hu .tu hua zhong jian .bo qing tian xian bai he fei xia qing tian .tan wu huan xing yi .gu bian ling qian .shan shou pi yun .xi xu liu yue .jin xi he nian .meng yi dao shi men dong tian .yan xiu jing liao hai ren yan .shui yu zhou xuan .hu jie yuan chen .wu mao shi xian .zi xu dou niu bian lan zhu xian cha .jiu weng shi piao .xiao yin yan xia .yan xing li cheng tu .xu hua shi tai .liao cao sheng ya .jiu chang ke liu yin zhong jian yun tou po gua .shi ju xiang mei shao shang sao xue pian peng cha .wan shi cong ta .sui shi wu tian .sheng si wu jia .pi ling wan tiao jiang nan juan ke deng lin .duo shao hao xiong .ji xu xiao chen .jin ri he kan .mai tian yang xian .gua jian chang lin .xia lv lan shui jia zhou jin .yue gou heng gu guo dan xin .chuang ying deng shen .lin huo qing qing .shan gui yin yin .

门前车马减(jian)少光顾者落落稀稀；青春已逝我只得嫁给商人(ren)为妻(qi)。
⑷枳花明驿墙：个别版本（如人教版《语文》九年级上册“课外古诗词背诵”）作“枳花照驿墙”，有(you)人认为“照”是错误的（见《枳花明驿墙——人教版〈语文〉九年级上册指瑕》）。明：使……明艳。枳（zhǐ）：也叫“臭橘”，一种落叶灌木或小乔木。春天开白花，果实似橘而略小，酸不可吃，可用作中药。驿（yì）墙：驿站的墙壁。驿：古时候递送公文的人或来往官员暂住、换马的处所。这句意思是说：枳花鲜艳地开放在驿站墙边。笋壳脱落时，听到簌簌悉悉的声音，竹子拔节时，初现疏疏落落的倩影。
②天气(qi)：气候；重阳：农历九月九日，重阳节。天宝以后，农村寂寞荒凉，家园里只剩下蒿草蒺藜。我的乡里百余户人家，因世道乱离都各奔东西。
20.入：进入殿内。祸福轮回像车论一样，荣光枯萎反来覆去像手持钩。
67.泽：膏脂。参战数万将士(shi)多而杂乱，经过战斗后却无一生还。
（14）助：助成，得力于。皇宫林苑中的黄莺歌唱之声停息了，长门宫前到处是蝴蝶飞舞。
[9]孙承祐：吴越王钱俶的小舅子，任节度使，镇守苏州，在苏州大建园亭长久将鲧禁闭羽山，为何三年还不放他？
⑺沙洲：江河中由泥沙淤积而成的陆地。末句一本作“枫落吴江冷“，全(quan)用唐人崔信明断句，且上下不接，恐非。

　　那时急时缓、抑扬顿挫的击鼓声使诗人想起了历史上有名的击鼓骂曹的故事：三国末年，曹操挟天子以令诸候，威震朝野；而一介书生祢衡（正平）却偏偏不肯奉迎他。曹操为了羞辱祢衡，故意令他充任鼓吏。一日，曹操大宴宾客，令祢衡击鼓娱众。祢衡从容不迫，裸体更衣，击《渔阳掺挝》，声节悲壮，听客莫不为之动容。随后，他又大骂曹操弄权。曹操虽恨之入骨，但又恐杀之而招致物议，便把他送到刘表处；祢衡又得罪了刘表，最后送到江夏太守黄祖处，被杀。诗人此时所滞留之地，正是当年祢衡被杀的地方，那在苍茫暮色中显得格外悲怆、浑远的鼓声，自然使他想起当年击《渔阳掺挝》的人。诗人不禁慨然叹道：“欲问渔阳掺，时无祢正平。”
　　脂砚斋在小说写到“黄巾、赤眉一干流贼余党”时曾加批语，以为不能实看这些话，否则，“便呆矣”，还说“此书全是如此，为混人也”。因而，目前有些研究红学和史学的人认为，从史事看，林四娘应死于抗清，“非与义军为敌者”（周汝昌《红楼梦新证》第230页 ），此诗实“与义军无关”，“对立面为侵扰青州之清军”，这样写是为“避清帝爪牙之耳目”，或者更肯定地认为“是指崇祯十五年（注：崇祯十五年为1642年）十二月清军在未入关前一次入侵明境山东青州之事”（引自徐恭时一九七六年八月三十一日的信件）。此说，不仅关系到作者对农民起义的政治立场问题，也关系到这位满族子弟会不会存在某些反满意识的问题。这是值得进一步深入研究的。
　　总而言之，统而言之，此诗包含着风趣和幽默，但又不失丰富思想感情，细细读之，着实让人回味无穷。
　　这首诗景中含情。诗人从燕子落笔，细腻逼真地描写了它们频频飞入草堂书斋，“点污琴书”、“打着人”等活动。这些描写既凸现了燕子的可爱之态，又生动传神地表现出燕子对草堂书斋的喜爱，以及对诗人的亲昵。全诗洋溢着浓厚的生活气息，给人自然、亲切之感，同时也透露出诗人在草堂安定生活的喜悦和悠闲之情。
　　这是一首“言怀”之作，像是在同“诸学士”们娓娓而谈。它一反李白所常用的那种奔放的激情与奇特的夸张，而是将眼前之事及心中之想如实地一一道来，在婉转清爽的背后，蕴籍着十分深刻而又复杂的情感。这一特点的形成，与诗人当时所处的地位及其所特有的心理状态是密不可分的。