户部云南清吏司主事臣海瑞谨奏；为直言天下第一事，以正君道、明臣职，求万世治安事：君者，天下臣民万物之主也。惟其为天下臣民万物之主，责任至重。凡民生利病，一有所不宜，将有所不称其任。是故事君之道宜无不备，而以其责寄臣工，使之尽言焉。臣工尽言，而君道斯称矣。昔之务为容悦，阿谀曲从，致使灾祸隔绝、主上不闻者，无足言矣。过为计者则又曰：“君子危明主，忧治世。”夫世则治矣，以不治忧之；主则明矣，以不明危之：无乃使之反求眩瞀，莫知趋舍矣乎！非通论也。臣受国厚恩矣，请执有犯无隐之义，美曰美，不一毫虚美；过曰过，不一毫讳过。不为悦谀，不暇过计，谨披沥肝胆为陛下言之。汉贾谊陈政事于文帝曰：“进言者皆曰：天下已安已治矣，臣独以为未也。曰安且治者，非愚则谀。”夫文帝，汉贤君也，贾谊非苛责备也。文帝性颇仁柔，慈恕恭俭，虽有爱民之美，优游退逊、尚多怠废之政。不究其弊所不免，概以安且治当之，愚也。不究其才所不能，概以政之安且治颂之，谀也。陛下自视，于汉文帝何如？陛下天资英断，睿识绝人，可为尧、舜，可为禹、汤、文、武，下之如汉宣之厉精，光武之大度，唐太宗之英武无敌，宪宗之志平僭乱，宋仁宗之仁恕，举一节可取者，陛下优为之。即位初年，铲除积弊，焕然与天下更始。举其大概：箴敬一以养心，定冠履以定分，除圣贤土木之象，夺宦官内外之权，元世祖毁不与祀，祀孔子推及所生。天下忻忻，以大有作为仰之。识者谓辅相得人，太平指日可期，非虚语也，高汉文帝远甚。然文帝能充其仁恕之性，节用爱人，吕祖谦称其能尽人之才力，诚是也。一时天下虽未可尽以治安予之，然贯朽粟陈，民物康阜，三代后称贤君焉。陛下则锐精未久，妄念牵之而去矣。反刚明而错用之，谓长生可得，而一意玄修。富有四海不曰民之脂膏在是也，而侈兴土木。二十余年不视朝，纲纪驰矣。数行推广事例，名爵滥矣。二王不相见，人以为薄于父子。以猜疑诽谤戮辱臣下，人以为薄于君臣。乐西苑而不返宫，人以为薄于夫妇。天下吏贪将弱，民不聊生，水旱靡时，盗贼滋炽。自陛下登极初年亦有这，而未甚也。今赋役增常，万方则效。陛下破产礼佛日甚，室如县罄，十余年来极矣。天下因即陛下改元之号而臆之曰：“嘉靖者言家家皆净而无财用也。”迩者，严嵩罢相，世蕃极刑，差快人意一时称清时焉。然严嵩罢相之后，犹之严嵩未相之先而已，非大清明世界也。不及汉文帝远甚。天下之人不直陛下久矣，内外臣工之所知也。知之，不可谓愚。《诗》去：“衰职有阙，惟仲山甫补之。”今日所赖以弼棐匡救，格非而归之正，诸臣责也。夫圣人岂绝无过举哉？古者设官，亮采惠畴足矣，不必责之以谏。保氏掌谏王恶，不必设也。木绳金砺，圣贤不必言之也，乃修斋建醮，相率进香，天桃天药，相率表贺。建兴宫室，工部极力经营；取香觅宝，户部差求四出。陛下误举，诸臣误顺，无一人为陛下正言焉。都俞吁咈之风，陈善闭邪之义，邈无闻矣；谀之甚也。然愧心馁气，退有后言，以从陛下；昧没本心，以歌颂陛下，欺君之罪何如？夫天下者，陛下之家也，人未有不顾其家者。内外臣工有官守、有言责，皆所以奠陛下之家而磐石之也。一意玄修，是陛下心之惑也。过于苛断，是陛下情之伪也。而谓陛下不顾其家，人情乎？诸臣顾身家以保一官，多以欺败，以赃败，不事事败，有不足以当陛下之心者。其不然者，君心臣心偶不相值也，遂谓陛下为贱薄臣工。诸臣正心之学微，所言或不免己私，或失详审，诚如胡寅扰乱政事之说，有不足以当陛下之心者。其不然者，君意臣意偶不相值也，遂谓陛下为是己拒谏。执陛下一二事不当之形迹，亿陛下千百事之尽然，陷陛下误终不复，诸臣欺君之罪大矣。《记》曰：“上人疑则百姓惑，下难知则君长劳。”今日之谓也。为身家心与惧心合，臣职不明，臣以一二事形迹既为诸臣解之矣。求长生心与惑心合，有辞于臣，君道不正，臣请再为陛下开之。陛下之误多矣，大端在修醮。修醮所以求长生也。自古圣贤止说修身立命，止说顺受其正。盖天地赋予于人而为性命者，此尽之矣。尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武之君，圣之盛也，未能久世不终。下之，亦未见方外士自汉、唐、宋存至今日。使陛下得以访其术者陶仲文，陛下以师唿之，仲文则既死矣。仲文尚不能长生，而陛下独何求之？至谓天赐仙桃药丸，怪妄尤甚。伏羲氏王天下，龙马出河，因则其文以画八卦。禹治水时，神龟负文而列其背，因而第之，以成必畴。河图洛书实有此瑞物，以泄万古不传之秘。天不爱道而显之圣人，借圣人以开示天下，犹之日月星辰之布列，而历数成焉，非虚妄也。宋真宗获天书于干佑山，孙奭谏曰：“天何言哉？岂有书也？”桃必采而后得，药由人工捣以成者也。兹无因而至，桃药是有足而行耶？天赐之者，有手执而付之耶？陛下玄修多年矣，一无所得。至今日，左右奸人逆陛下玄修妄念，区区桃药之长生，理之所无，而玄修之无益可知矣。陛下又将谓悬刑赏以督率臣下，分理有人，天下无不可治，而玄修无害矣乎？夫人幼而学，既无致君泽民异事之学，壮而行，亦无致君泽民殊用之心。《太甲》曰：“有言逆于汝志，必求诸道，有言逊于汝志，必求诸非道。”言顺者之未必为道也。即近事观：严嵩有一不顺陛下者乎？昔为贪窃，今为逆本。梁材守道守官，陛下以为逆者也，历任有声，官户部者以有守称之。虽近日严嵩抄没、百官有惕心焉，无用于积贿求迁，稍自洗涤。然严嵩罢相之后，犹严嵩未相之前而已。诸臣宁为严嵩之顺，不为梁材之执。今甚者贪求，未甚者挨日。见称于人者，亦廊庙山林交战热中，鹘突依违，苟举故事。洁己格物，任天下重，使社稷灵长终必赖之者，未见其人焉。得非有所牵制其心，未能纯然精白使然乎？陛下欲诸臣惟予行而莫违也，而责之以效忠；付之以翼为明听也，又欲其顺乎玄修土木之娱：是股肱耳目不为腹心卫也，而自为视听持行之用。有臣如仪、衍焉，可以成“得志与民由之”之业，无是理也。陛下诚知玄修无益，臣之改行，民之效尤，天下之安与不安、治与不治由之，幡然悟悔，日视正朝，与宰辅、九卿、侍从、言官讲求天下利害，洗数十年君道之误，置其身于尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武之上，使其臣亦得洗数十年阿君之耻，置其身于皋陶、伊、傅之列，相为后先，明良喜起，都俞吁咈。内之宦官宫妾，外之光禄寺厨役，锦衣卫恩荫，诸衙门带俸，举凡无事而官者亦多矣。上之内仓内库，下之户、工部，光禄寺诸厂，段绢、粮料、珠定、器用、木材诸物，多而积于无用，用之非所宜用，亦多矣。诸臣必有为陛下言者。诸臣言之，陛下行之，此则在陛下一节省间而已。京师之一金，田野之百金也。一节省而国有余用，民有盖藏，不知其几也。而陛下何不为之？官有职掌，先年职守之正、职守之全而未行之。今日职守之废、职守之苟且因循，不认真、不尽法而自以为是。敦本行以端士习，止上纳以清仕途，久任吏将以责成功，练选军士以免召募，驱缁黄游食以归四民，责府州县兼举富教使成礼俗，复屯盐本色以裕边储，均田赋丁差以苏困敝，举天下官之侵渔，将之怯懦，吏之为奸，刑之无少姑息焉。必世之仁，博厚高明悠远之业，诸臣必有陛下言者。诸臣言之，陛下行之，此则在陛下一振作间而已。一振作而诸废具举，百弊铲绝，唐、虞三代之治粲然复兴矣，而陛下何不行之？节省之，振作之，又非有所劳于陛下也。九卿总其纲，百职分其任，抚按科道纠举肃清之于其间，陛下持大纲、稽治要而责成焉。劳于求贤，逸于任用如天运于上，而四时六气各得其序，恭己无为之道也。天地万物为一体，固有之性也。民物熙洽，熏为太和，而陛下性分中自有真乐矣。可以赞天地之化育，则可与天地参。道与天通，命由我立，而陛下性分中自有真寿矣。此理之所有者，可旋至而立有效者也。若夫服食不终之药，遥望轻举，理之所无者也。理之所无，而切切然散爵禄，竦精神，玄修求之，悬思凿想，系风捕影，终其身如斯而已矣，求之其可得乎？夫君道不正，臣职不明，此天下第一事也。于此不言，更复何言？大臣持禄而外为谀，小臣畏罪而面为顺，陛下有不得知而改之行之者，臣每恨焉。是以昧死竭忠，惓惓为陛下言之。一反情易向之间，而天下之治与不治，民物之安与不安决焉，伏惟陛下留神，宗社幸甚，天下幸甚。臣不胜战栗恐惧之至，为此具本亲赍，谨具奏闻。世乱信难通，乡心日万重。弟兄皆向善，天地合相容。林风移宿鸟，池雨定流萤。尽夜成愁绝，啼蛩莫近庭。高阁都将万象收，凭栏睇望兴何悠。张郎遯世谁家谷，孙子成仙何处洲。风雨喜无临九日，江山幸有答三秋。年丰市井多欢笑，老子婆婆亦可不。太史藏书地，惟怜古树存。草深穿讲席，水长绕梁门。满目城云动，伤心竹露繁。诸君一杯酒，有恨付无言。留恋芳丛深处。懒上锦鞯归去。待得牡丹开。更同来。长是花香柳色，更风清月白，天入吟笺。自霞觞误覆，谪下玉皇边。笑随归、山中随隐，且醉拼、斗酒写新篇。天应笑，唿来时后，记上襟船。淑质生当良月，晬辰喜遇今朝。掌心托个儒人苗。早晚夫人争叫。一教谁云辟二途，律禅禅律智归愚。念珠在手隳禅衲，

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zhe wei fu xiang de ren .tai ping zhi ri ke qi .fei xu yu ye .gao han wen di yuan shen .ran wen di neng chong qi ren shu zhi xing .jie yong ai ren .lv zu qian cheng qi neng jin ren zhi cai li .cheng shi ye .yi shi tian xia sui wei ke jin yi zhi an yu zhi .ran guan xiu su chen .min wu kang fu .san dai hou cheng xian jun yan .bi xia ze rui jing wei jiu .wang nian qian zhi er qu yi .fan gang ming er cuo yong zhi .wei chang sheng ke de .er yi yi xuan xiu .fu you si hai bu yue min zhi zhi gao zai shi ye .er chi xing tu mu .er shi yu nian bu shi chao .gang ji chi yi .shu xing tui guang shi li .ming jue lan yi .er wang bu xiang jian .ren yi wei bao yu fu zi .yi cai yi fei bang lu ru chen xia .ren yi wei bao yu jun chen .le xi yuan er bu fan gong .ren yi wei bao yu fu fu .tian xia li tan jiang ruo .min bu liao sheng .shui han mi shi .dao zei zi chi .zi bi xia deng ji chu nian yi you zhe .er wei shen ye .jin fu yi zeng chang .wan fang ze xiao .bi xia po chan li fo ri shen .shi ru xian qing .shi 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yu yu fu zhi feng .chen shan bi xie zhi yi .miao wu wen yi .yu zhi shen ye .ran kui xin nei qi .tui you hou yan .yi cong bi xia .mei mei ben xin .yi ge song bi xia .qi jun zhi zui he ru .fu tian xia zhe .bi xia zhi jia ye .ren wei you bu gu qi jia zhe .nei wai chen gong you guan shou .you yan ze .jie suo yi dian bi xia zhi jia er pan shi zhi ye .yi yi xuan xiu .shi bi xia xin zhi huo ye .guo yu ke duan .shi bi xia qing zhi wei ye .er wei bi xia bu gu qi jia .ren qing hu .zhu chen gu shen jia yi bao yi guan .duo yi qi bai .yi zang bai .bu shi shi bai .you bu zu yi dang bi xia zhi xin zhe .qi bu ran zhe .jun xin chen xin ou bu xiang zhi ye .sui wei bi xia wei jian bao chen gong .zhu chen zheng xin zhi xue wei .suo yan huo bu mian ji si .huo shi xiang shen .cheng ru hu yin rao luan zheng shi zhi shuo .you bu zu yi dang bi xia zhi xin zhe .qi bu ran zhe .jun yi chen yi ou bu xiang zhi ye .sui wei bi xia wei shi ji ju jian .zhi bi xia yi er shi bu dang zhi xing ji .yi bi xia qian bai shi zhi jin ran .xian bi xia wu zhong bu fu .zhu chen qi jun zhi zui da yi ..ji .yue ..shang ren yi ze bai xing huo .xia nan zhi ze jun chang lao ..jin ri zhi wei ye .wei shen jia xin yu ju xin he .chen zhi bu ming .chen yi yi er shi xing ji ji wei zhu chen jie zhi yi .qiu chang sheng xin yu huo xin he .you ci yu chen .jun dao bu zheng .chen qing zai wei bi xia kai zhi .bi xia zhi wu duo yi .da duan zai xiu jiao .xiu jiao suo yi qiu chang sheng ye .zi gu sheng xian zhi shuo xiu shen li ming .zhi shuo shun shou qi zheng .gai tian di fu yu yu ren er wei xing ming zhe .ci jin zhi yi .yao .shun .yu .tang .wen .wu zhi jun .sheng zhi sheng ye .wei neng jiu shi bu zhong .xia zhi .yi wei jian fang wai shi zi han .tang .song cun zhi jin ri .shi bi xia de yi fang qi shu zhe tao zhong wen .bi xia yi shi hu zhi .zhong wen ze ji si yi .zhong wen shang bu neng chang sheng .er bi xia du he qiu zhi .zhi wei tian ci xian tao yao wan .guai wang you shen .fu xi shi wang tian xia .long ma chu he .yin ze qi wen yi hua ba gua .yu zhi shui shi .shen gui fu wen er lie qi bei .yin er di zhi .yi cheng bi chou .he tu luo shu shi you ci rui wu .yi xie wan gu bu chuan zhi mi .tian bu ai dao er xian zhi sheng ren .jie sheng ren yi kai shi tian xia .you zhi ri yue xing chen zhi bu lie .er li shu cheng yan .fei xu wang ye .song zhen zong huo tian shu yu gan you shan .sun shi jian yue ..tian he yan zai .qi you shu ye ..tao bi cai er hou de .yao you ren gong dao yi cheng zhe ye .zi wu yin er zhi .tao yao shi you zu er xing ye .tian ci zhi zhe .you shou zhi er fu zhi ye .bi xia xuan xiu duo nian yi .yi wu suo de .zhi jin ri .zuo you jian ren ni bi xia xuan xiu wang nian .qu qu tao yao zhi chang sheng .li zhi suo wu .er xuan xiu zhi wu yi ke zhi yi .bi xia you jiang wei xuan xing shang yi du lv chen xia .fen li you ren .tian xia wu bu ke zhi .er xuan xiu wu hai yi hu .fu ren you er xue .ji wu zhi jun ze min yi shi zhi xue .zhuang er xing .yi wu zhi jun ze min shu yong zhi xin ..tai jia .yue ..you yan ni yu ru zhi .bi qiu zhu dao .you yan xun yu ru zhi .bi qiu zhu fei dao ..yan shun zhe zhi wei bi wei dao ye .ji jin shi guan .yan song you yi bu shun bi xia zhe hu .xi wei tan qie .jin wei ni ben .liang cai shou dao shou guan .bi xia yi wei ni zhe ye .li ren you sheng .guan hu bu zhe yi you shou cheng zhi .sui jin ri yan song chao mei .bai guan you ti xin yan .wu yong yu ji hui qiu qian .shao zi xi di .ran yan song ba xiang zhi hou .you yan song wei xiang zhi qian er yi .zhu chen ning wei yan song zhi shun .bu wei liang cai zhi zhi .jin shen zhe tan qiu .wei shen zhe ai ri .jian cheng yu ren zhe .yi lang miao shan lin jiao zhan re zhong .gu tu yi wei .gou ju gu shi .jie ji ge wu .ren tian xia zhong .shi she ji ling chang zhong bi lai zhi zhe .wei jian qi ren yan .de fei you suo qian zhi qi xin .wei neng chun ran jing bai shi ran hu .bi xia yu zhu chen wei yu xing er mo wei ye .er ze zhi yi xiao zhong .fu zhi yi yi wei ming ting ye .you yu qi shun hu xuan xiu tu mu zhi yu .shi gu gong er mu bu wei fu xin wei ye .er zi wei shi ting chi xing zhi yong .you chen ru yi .yan yan .ke yi cheng .de zhi yu min you zhi .zhi ye .wu shi li ye .bi xia cheng zhi xuan xiu wu yi .chen zhi gai xing .min zhi xiao you .tian xia zhi an yu bu an .zhi yu bu zhi you zhi .fan ran wu hui .ri shi zheng chao .yu zai fu .jiu qing .shi cong .yan guan jiang qiu tian xia li hai .xi shu shi nian jun dao zhi wu .zhi qi shen yu yao .shun .yu .tang .wen .wu zhi shang .shi qi chen yi de xi shu shi nian a jun zhi chi .zhi qi shen yu gao tao .yi .fu zhi lie .xiang wei hou xian .ming liang xi qi .du yu yu fu .nei zhi huan guan gong qie .wai zhi guang lu si chu yi .jin yi wei en yin .zhu ya men dai feng .ju fan wu shi er guan zhe yi duo yi .shang zhi nei cang nei ku .xia zhi hu .gong bu .guang lu si zhu chang .duan juan .liang liao .zhu ding .qi yong .mu cai zhu wu .duo er ji yu wu yong .yong zhi fei suo yi yong .yi duo yi .zhu chen bi you wei bi xia yan zhe .zhu chen yan zhi .bi xia xing zhi .ci ze zai bi xia yi jie sheng jian er yi .jing shi zhi yi jin .tian ye zhi bai jin ye .yi jie sheng er guo you yu yong .min you gai cang .bu zhi qi ji ye .er bi xia he bu wei zhi .guan you zhi zhang .xian nian zhi shou zhi zheng .zhi shou zhi quan er wei xing zhi .jin ri zhi shou zhi fei .zhi shou zhi gou qie yin xun .bu ren zhen .bu jin fa er zi yi wei shi .dun ben xing yi duan shi xi .zhi shang na yi qing shi tu .jiu ren li jiang yi ze cheng gong .lian xuan jun shi yi mian zhao mu .qu zi huang you shi yi gui si min .ze fu zhou xian jian ju fu jiao shi cheng li su .fu tun yan ben se yi yu bian chu .jun tian fu ding cha yi su kun bi .ju tian xia guan zhi qin yu .jiang zhi qie nuo .li zhi wei jian .xing zhi wu shao gu xi yan .bi shi zhi ren .bo hou gao ming you yuan zhi ye .zhu chen bi you bi xia yan zhe .zhu chen yan zhi .bi xia xing zhi .ci ze zai bi xia yi zhen zuo jian er yi .yi zhen zuo er zhu fei ju ju .bai bi chan jue .tang .yu san dai zhi zhi can ran fu xing yi .er bi xia he bu xing zhi .jie sheng zhi .zhen zuo zhi .you fei you suo lao yu bi xia ye .jiu qing zong qi gang .bai zhi fen qi ren .fu an ke dao jiu ju su qing zhi yu qi jian .bi xia chi da gang .ji zhi yao er ze cheng yan .lao yu qiu xian .yi yu ren yong ru tian yun yu shang .er si shi liu qi ge de qi xu .gong ji wu wei zhi dao ye .tian di wan wu wei yi ti .gu you zhi xing ye .min wu xi qia .xun wei tai he .er bi xia xing fen zhong zi you zhen le yi .ke yi zan tian di zhi hua yu .ze ke yu tian di can .dao yu tian tong .ming you wo li .er bi xia xing fen zhong zi you zhen shou yi .ci li zhi suo you zhe .ke xuan zhi er li you xiao zhe ye .ruo fu fu shi bu zhong zhi yao .yao wang qing ju .li zhi suo wu zhe ye .li zhi suo wu .er qie qie ran san jue lu .song jing shen .xuan xiu qiu zhi .xuan si zao xiang .xi feng bo ying .zhong qi shen ru si er yi yi .qiu zhi qi ke de hu .fu jun dao bu zheng .chen zhi bu ming .ci tian xia di yi shi ye .yu ci bu yan .geng fu he yan .da chen chi lu er wai wei yu .xiao chen wei zui er mian wei shun .bi xia you bu de zhi er gai zhi xing zhi zhe .chen mei hen yan .shi yi mei si jie zhong .quan quan wei bi xia yan zhi .yi fan qing yi xiang zhi jian .er tian xia zhi zhi yu bu zhi .min wu zhi an yu bu an jue yan .fu wei bi xia liu shen .zong she xing shen .tian xia xing shen .chen bu sheng zhan li kong ju zhi zhi .wei ci ju ben qin ji .jin ju zou wen .shi luan xin nan tong .xiang xin ri wan zhong .di xiong jie xiang shan .tian di he xiang rong .lin feng yi su niao .chi yu ding liu ying .jin ye cheng chou jue .ti qiong mo jin ting .gao ge du jiang wan xiang shou .ping lan di wang xing he you .zhang lang dun shi shui jia gu .sun zi cheng xian he chu zhou .feng yu xi wu lin jiu ri .jiang shan xing you da san qiu .nian feng shi jing duo huan xiao .lao zi po po yi ke bu .tai shi cang shu di .wei lian gu shu cun .cao shen chuan jiang xi .shui chang rao liang men .man mu cheng yun dong .shang xin zhu lu fan .zhu jun yi bei jiu .you hen fu wu yan .liu lian fang cong shen chu .lan shang jin jian gui qu .dai de mu dan kai .geng tong lai .chang shi hua xiang liu se .geng feng qing yue bai .tian ru yin jian .zi xia shang wu fu .zhe xia yu huang bian .xiao sui gui .shan zhong sui yin .qie zui pin .dou jiu xie xin pian .tian ying xiao .hu lai shi hou .ji shang jin chuan .shu zhi sheng dang liang yue .zui chen xi yu jin chao .zhang xin tuo ge ru ren miao .zao wan fu ren zheng jiao .yi jiao shui yun bi er tu .lv chan chan lv zhi gui yu .nian zhu zai shou hui chan na .

我看见月光就像是水一般流淌，流淌的(de)水又(you)像是天空茫茫悠悠。
求：探求。江岸高馆耸云霄，更有危楼倚山隈。
度：穿过。帘幕：古时富贵人家多张挂于院宇。后稷原是嫡生长子，帝喾为何将他憎恨？
⑻《史记》：秦昭王详为好书遗平原君曰：“寡人闻君之高义，愿与君为十日(ri)之饮。”蔷薇沾露如在哭泣幽居寒素，绿色的蔓条缀着花儿如钱小。
去去：远去，越去越远。深秋时分，在这遥(yao)远的边塞，有谁能记得我？树叶发出萧萧的声响。返乡之路千里迢迢。家和梦一样遥不可及。重阳佳节，故园风光正好，离愁倍增。不愿登高远望。只觉心中悲伤不已。当鸿雁南归之际，将更加冷落(luo)凄凉。
（22）与：亲(qin)近，友好。一说通“举”，行为，举止。杀气春夏秋三季腾起阵前似乌云，一夜寒风声声里如泣更声惊耳鼓。
17、粉白黛绿：用来形容女子装扮得娇艳妩媚，面容白皙，眉毛美丽。黛，古代女子画眉用的青黑色的颜料。（孟子）说：“是因为肥美甘甜的食物不够吃呢？又轻又暖的衣服不够穿呢？还是因为美女不够看呢？美妙的音乐不够听呢？左右受宠爱的大(da)臣不够用呢？（这些）您的大臣们都能充分地提供给大王，难道大王真是为了这些吗？”
4、翠罗裙：借指人。化用牛希济《生查子》“记得绿罗裙，处处怜芳草”句意。

　　七八句最后点出“《野望》杜甫 古诗”的方式和深沉的忧虑。“人事”，人世间的事。由于当时西山三城列兵防戍，蜀地百姓赋役负担沉重，杜甫深为民不堪命而对世事产生“日” 转“萧条”的隐忧。这是结句用意所在。诗人从草堂“跨马”，走“出”南“郊”，纵目四“望”。“ 南浦清江万里桥”是近望之景。“西山白雪三城戍 ”，是远望之景。他由“三城戍”引出成乱的感叹，由“万里桥”兴起出蜀之意。这是中间四句有关家国和个人忧念产生的原因。
　　“结庐在人境，而无车马喧”诗起首作者言自己虽然居住在人世间，但并无世俗的交往来打扰。为何处人境而无车马喧的烦恼？因为“心远地自偏”，只要内心能远远地摆脱世俗的束缚，那么即使处于喧闹的环境里，也如同居于僻静之地。陶渊明早岁满怀建功立业的理想，几度出仕正是为了要实现匡时济世的抱负。但当他看到“真风告逝，大为斯兴”（《感士不遇赋》），官场风波险恶，世俗伪诈污蚀，整个社会腐败黑暗，于是便选择了洁身自好、守道固穷的道路，隐居田园，躬耕自资。“结庐在人境”四句，就是写他精神上在摆脱了世俗环境的干扰之后所产生的感受。所谓“心远”，即心不念名利之场，情不系权贵之门，绝进弃世，超尘脱俗。由于此四句托意高妙，寄情深远，因此前人激赏其“词彩精拔”。
　　后两句写将军准备追敌的场面，气势不凡。“欲将轻骑逐”，将军发现敌军潜逃，要率领轻装骑兵去追击；不仅仅因为轻骑快捷，同时也显示出了一种高度的自信。当勇士们列队准备出发时，一场纷纷扬扬的大雪下了起来，虽然站立不过片刻，刹那间弓刀上却落满了雪花。遮掩了他们武器的寒光。他们就像一支支即将离弦的箭，虽然尚未出发，却满怀着必胜的信心。
　　清人刘熙载《艺概·诗概》说：“左太冲《咏史》似论体。”但是，诗人的议论是以形象表现出来的，并不使人感到枯燥乏味。恰恰相反，诗中生动的形象和丰富的感情具有强烈的感染力量。
　　最末一段，柳宗元别出机抒，从韦公身上引出联想，夹叙夹议，抒发他的善政益民的封建吏治思想：“公之因土而得胜，岂不欲因俗以成化？公之择恶而取美，岂不欲除残而佑仁？公之蠲浊而流清，岂不欲废贪而立廉？公之居高以望远，岂不欲家抚而户晓？”
　　这位安慰者提起了几部道家著作对于福祸、吉凶的看法，世间万物总是变动迁流，吉与凶、祸与福也总是互相转化，它举了历史上的三个例子：夫差国强而败勾践势弱而称霸、李斯游说成功而被五刑，傅说胥靡乃相武丁。作为一个政治家，这些正是贾谊关心的，第一个例子是帝王的兴衰史，后面两个，则是与贾谊身份相当的士大夫的悲喜剧。年未届而立的贾谊，在他迅速崛起又迅速衰落的仕途生涯中早已尝到了这种大喜大悲的滋味，此时，在困顿之中，他产生了一种无力感，“命不可说兮，孰知其极”，“天不可预虑兮，道不可预谋”。人对于这个世界是无力把握的，既然天道深远精妙无从探究，则不如顺应万物的变化，或者走向另一种超越——相信人处在一种无所不在的相对转化之中，在齐同万物、泯灭生死之中逍遥自得。接着贾谊从大人、至人、真人与一般凡夫俗子的人生追求中得出的对比，可以看作是窥破生命，看透人生的一种感叹，表现自己要遗世独立，顺应自然的恬淡安然。“忽然为人兮，何足控搏。化为异物兮，又何足患”，在道家的经典里，这些道理早已说得很清楚。人面对死亡的态度是“纵躯委命兮，不私与己”。在活着的时候，如果已将好恶之心去除，那么死亡到来的那一刻，就寻常得跟生命中的其他时刻一样了。吉祥之兆与不祥之兆也没有什么区别。这仿佛是死神的使者所作的演说，这只不祥之鸟的面目没有狰狞，没有残忍，也许死亡就是这么安详。中国古人对死亡的看法不是在信仰里找到归宿，而是在智慧里找到归宿。
　　通过笔者的讲解，我想大家可以发现，唐太宗写的这首诗，每一句就如一段动画，而整首诗又构成了一幅远近景色结合的动态的“山雨飘洒图”。各位读者可以看看本文所配的图片，这张图片用“珠缔叶”三个字就说明了，而“泫丛（一串串雨滴如珍珠般滴下）”的动态景象却看不到。换一句话说，笔者所找到的这张图片只是“泫丛珠缔叶”这个动画片中的一个画面。