候蛩探暝，书雁寄寒，西风暗剪绡纤。报道凤城催钥，笙歌散无迹。冰轮驾，天纬逼。渐款引、素娥游历。夜妆靓，独展菱花，淡绚秋色。月日，居易白。微之足下：自足下谪江陵至于今，凡枉赠答诗仅百篇。每诗来，或辱序，或辱书，冠于卷首，皆所以陈古今歌诗之义，且自叙为文因缘，与年月之远近也。仆既受足下诗，又谕足下此意，常欲承答来旨，粗论歌诗大端，并自述为文之意，总为一书，致足下前。累岁已来，牵故少暇，间有容隙，或欲为之；又自思所陈，亦无出足下之见；临纸复罢者数四，卒不能成就其志，以至于今。今俟罪浔阳，除盥栉食寝外无余事，因览足下去通州日所留新旧文二十六轴，开卷得意，忽如会面，心所畜者，便欲快言，往往自疑，不知相去万里也。既而愤悱之气，思有所浊，遂追就前志，勉为此书，足下幸试为仆留意一省。夫文，尚矣，三才各有文。天之文三光首之；地之文五材首之；人之文《六经》首之。就《六经》言，《诗》又首之。何者？圣人感人心而天下和平。感人心者，莫先乎情，莫始乎言，莫切乎声，莫深乎义。诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。上自圣贤，下至愚騃，微及豚鱼，幽及鬼神。群分而气同，形异而情一。未有声入而不应、情交而不感者。圣人知其然，因其言，经之以六义；缘其声，纬之以五音。音有韵，义有类。韵协则言顺，言顺则声易入；类举则情见，情见则感易交。于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。五帝三皇所以直道而行、垂拱而理者，揭此以为大柄，决此以为大窦也。故闻“元首明，股肱良”之歌，则知虞道昌矣。闻五子洛汭之歌，则知夏政荒矣。言者无罪，闻者足诫，言者闻者莫不两尽其心焉。洎周衰秦兴，采诗官废，上不以诗补察时政，下不以歌泄导人情。用至于谄成之风动，救失之道缺。于时六义始剚矣。《国风》变为《骚辞》，五言始于苏、李。《诗》、《骚》皆不遇者，各系其志，发而为文。故河梁之句，止于伤别；泽畔之吟，归于怨思。彷徨抑郁，不暇及他耳。然去《诗》未远，梗概尚存。故兴离别则引双凫一雁为喻，讽君子小人则引香草恶鸟为比。虽义类不具，犹得风人之什二三焉。于时六义始缺矣。晋、宋已还，得者盖寡。以康乐之奥博，多溺于山水；以渊明之高古，偏放于田园。江、鲍之流，又狭于此。如梁鸿《五噫》之例者，百无一二。于时六义浸微矣！陵夷至于梁、陈间，率不过嘲风雪、弄花草而已。噫！风雪花草之物，三百篇中岂舍之乎？顾所用何如耳。设如“北风其凉”，假风以刺威虐；“雨雪霏霏”，因雪以愍征役；“棠棣之华”，感华以讽兄弟；“采采芣苡”，美草以乐有子也。皆兴发于此而义归于彼。反是者，可乎哉！然则“余霞散成绮，澄江净如练”，“归花先委露，别叶乍辞风”之什，丽则丽矣，吾不知其所讽焉。故仆所谓嘲风雪、弄花草而已。于时六义尽去矣。唐兴二百年，其间诗人不可胜数。所可举者，陈子昂有《感遇诗》二十首，鲍防《感兴诗》十五篇。又诗之豪者，世称李、杜。李之作，才矣！奇矣！人不迨矣！索其风雅比兴，十无一焉。杜诗最多，可传者千余首。至于贯穿古今，覙缕格律，尽工尽善，又过于李焉。然撮其《新安》、《石壕》、《潼关吏》、《芦子关》、《花门》之章，“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”之句，亦不过十三四。杜尚如此，况不迨杜者乎？仆常痛诗道崩坏，忽忽愤发，或废食辍寝，不量才力，欲扶起之。嗟乎！事有大谬者，又不可一二而言，然亦不能不粗陈于左右。仆始生六七月时，乳母抱弄于书屏下，有指“之”字、“无”字示仆者，仆口未能言，心已默识。后有问此二字者，虽百十其试，而指之不差。则知仆宿习之缘，已在文字中矣。及五六岁，便学为诗。九岁谙识声韵。十五六，始知有进士，苦节读书。二十已来，昼课赋，夜课书，间又课诗，不遑寝息矣。以至于口舌成疮，手肘成胝。既壮而肤革不丰盈，未老而齿发早衰白；瞀瞀然如飞蝇垂珠在眸子中者，动以万数，盖以苦学力文之所致，又自悲。家贫多故，二十七方从乡赋。既第之后，虽专于科试，亦不废诗。及授校书郎时，已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下辈，见皆谓之工，其实未窥作者之域耳。自登朝来，年齿渐长，阅事渐多。每与人言，多询时务；每读书史，多求理道。始知文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。是时皇帝初即位，宰府有正人，屡降玺书，访人急病。仆当此日，擢在翰林，身是谏官，月请谏纸。启奏之间，有可以救济人病，裨补时阙，而难于指言者，辄咏歌之，欲稍稍进闻于上。上以广宸听，副忧勤；次以酬恩奖，塞言责；下以复吾平生之志。岂图志未就而悔已生，言未闻而谤已成矣！又请为左右终言之。凡闻仆《贺雨诗》，众口籍籍，以为非宜矣；闻仆《哭孔戡诗》，众面脉脉，尽不悦矣；闻《秦中吟》，则权豪贵近者，相目而变色矣；闻《登乐游园》寄足下诗，则执政柄者扼腕矣；闻《宿紫阁村》诗，则握军要者切齿矣！大率如此，不可遍举。不相与者，号为沽誉，号为诋讦，号为讪谤。苟相与者，则如牛僧孺之诫焉。乃至骨肉妻孥，皆以我为非也。其不我非者，举世不过三两人。有邓鲂者，见仆诗而喜，无何鲂死。有唐衢者，见仆诗而泣，未几而衢死。其余即足下。足下又十年来困踬若此。呜唿！岂六义四始之风，天将破坏，不可支持耶？抑又不知天意不欲使下人病苦闻于上耶？不然，何有志于诗者，不利若此之甚也！然仆又自思关东一男子耳，除读书属文外，其他懵然无知，乃至书画棋博，可以接群居之欢者，一无通晓，即其愚拙可知矣！初应进士时，中朝无缌麻之亲，达官无半面之旧；策蹇步于利足之途，张空拳于战文之场。十年之间，三登科第，名落众耳，迹升清贯，出交贤俊，入侍冕旒。始得名于文章，终得罪于文章，亦其宜也。日者闻亲友间说，礼、吏部举选人，多以仆私试赋判为准的。其余诗句，亦往往在人口中。仆恧然自愧，不之信也。及再来长安，又闻有军使高霞寓者，欲聘倡妓，妓大夸曰：“我诵得白学士《长恨歌》，岂同他哉？”由是增价。又足下书云：到通州日，见江馆柱间有题仆诗者。何人哉？又昨过汉南日，适遇主人集众娱乐，他宾诸妓见仆来，指而相顾曰：此是《秦中吟》、《长恨歌》主耳。自长安抵江西三四千里，凡乡校、佛寺、逆旅、行舟之中，往往有题仆诗者；士庶、僧徒、孀妇、处女之口，每有咏仆诗者。此诚雕篆之戏，不足为多，然今时俗所重，正在此耳。虽前贤如渊、云者，前辈如李、杜者，亦未能忘情于其间。古人云：“名者公器，不可多取。”仆是何者，窃时之名已多。既窃时名，又欲窃时之富贵，使己为造物者，肯兼与之乎？今之屯穷，理固然也。况诗人多蹇，如陈子昂、杜甫，各授一拾遗，而屯剥至死。孟浩然辈不及一命，穷悴终身。近日孟郊六十，终试协律；张籍五十，未离一太祝。彼何人哉！况仆之才又不迨彼。今虽谪佐远郡，而官品至第五，月俸四五万，寒有衣，饥有食，给身之外，施及家人。亦可谓不负白氏子矣。微之，微之！勿念我哉！仆数月来，检讨囊帙中，得新旧诗，各以类分，分为卷目。自拾遗来，凡所遇所感，关于美刺兴比者；又自武德至元和，因事立题，题为“新乐府”者，共一百五十首，谓之讽谕诗。又或退公独处，或移动病闲居，知足保和，吟玩性情者一百首，谓之”闲适诗“。又有事物牵于外，情理动于内，随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首，谓之”感伤诗“。又有五言、七言、长句、绝句，自一百韵至两百韵者四百余首，谓之”杂律诗“。凡为十五卷，约八百首。异时相见，当尽致于执事。微之，古人云：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。”仆虽不肖，常师此语。大丈夫所守者道，所待者时。时之来也，为云龙，为风鹏，勃然突然，陈力以出；时之不来也，为雾豹，为冥鸿，寂兮寥兮，奉身而退。进退出处，何往而不自得哉！故仆志在兼济，行在独善，奉而始终之则为道，言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗，兼济之志也；谓之闲适诗，独善之义也。故览仆诗者，知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗，或诱于一时一物，发于一笑一吟，率然成章，非平生所尚者，但以亲朋合散之际，取其释恨佐欢，今铨次之间，未能删去。他时有为我编集斯文者，略之可也。微之，夫贵耳贱目，荣古陋今，人之大情也。仆不能远征古旧，如近岁韦苏州歌行，才丽之外，颇近兴讽；其五言诗，又高雅闲淡，自成一家之体，今之秉笔者谁能及之？然当苏州在时，人亦未甚爱重，必待身后，人始贵之。今仆之诗，人所爱者，悉不过杂律诗与《长恨歌》已下耳。时之所重，仆之所轻。至于讽谕者，意激而言质；闲适者，思澹而辞迂。以质合迂，宜人之不爱也。今所爱者，并世而生，独足下耳。然百千年后，安知复无如足下者出，而知爱我诗哉？故自八九年来，与足下小通则以诗相戒，小穷则以诗相勉，索居则以诗相慰，同处则以诗相娱。知吾罪吾，率以诗也。如今年春游城南时，与足下马上相戏，因各诵新艳小律，不杂他篇，自皇子陂归昭国里，迭吟递唱，不绝声者二十里余。攀、李在傍，无所措口。知我者以为诗仙，不知我者以为诗魔。何则？劳心灵，役声气，连朝接夕，不自知其苦，非魔而何？偶同人当美景，或花时宴罢，或月夜酒酣，一咏一吟，不觉老之将至。虽骖鸾鹤、游蓬瀛者之适，无以加于此焉，又非仙而何？微之，微之！此吾所以与足下外形骸、脱踪迹、傲轩鼎、轻人寰者，又以此也。当此之时，足下兴有余力，且欲与仆悉索还往中诗，取其尤长者，如张十八古乐府，李二十新歌行，卢、杨二秘书律诗，窦七、元八绝句，博搜精掇，编而次之，号为《元白往还集》。众君子得拟议于此者，莫不踊跃欣喜，以为盛事。嗟乎！言未终而足下左转，不数月而仆又继行，心期索然，何日成就？又可为之太息矣！仆常语足下，凡人为文，私于自是，不忍于割截，或失于繁多。其间妍媸，益又自惑。必待交友有公鉴无姑息者，讨论而削夺之，然后繁简当否，得其中矣。况仆与足下，为文尤患其多。己尚病，况他人乎？今且各纂诗笔，粗为卷第，待与足下相见日，各出所有，终前志焉。又不知相遇是何年，相见是何地，溘然而至，则如之何？微之知我心哉！浔阳腊月，江风苦寒，岁暮鲜欢，夜长少睡。引笔铺纸，悄然灯前，有念则书，言无铨次。勿以繁杂为倦，且以代一夕之话言也。居易自叙如此，文士以为信然。漠漠重霾閟晓阴，凝弦恁会子期心。为迷三径一时寻。濡沫潮横思可听，剔黄月满慰初噙。潜移清寂午将深。去腊飞花，今春未已，迤逦将度元宵。俄然甲子，青帝下新条。净扫一天沈霭，红轮满、大地山河。从今好，便当听取，万国起歌谣。有人，当此际，＿云深坞，翦月中阿。已占断春风，自种仙桃。更扶疏桂影直，从岩底、上拂云梢。仍为我，长摩苍石，无负此清波。一纸万金犹不惜。薛涛昨夜梦中来，殷勤劝向君边觅。西湖即事蕊珠宫，蓬莱洞，青松影里，红藕香中。千机云锦重，一片银河冻。缥缈佳人双飞凤，紫箫寒月满长空。阑干晚风，菱歌上下，渔火西东。队别凤钗分，鸳衾另，轻轻别离，小小前程。花开渭水秋，酒尽阳关令。不管佳人愁成病，载琴书画舸无情。今宵月明，声沉玉笙，影淡银灯。次韵《归去来》草堂空，柴门闭，放闲柳枝，伴老山妻。谁传红锦词，自说白云偈。照下渊明休官例，和一篇归去来兮。瓜田后溪，梅泉下竺，菊圃东篱。胡容斋使君席间白头新，黄花瘦，长天北斗，明月南楼。吹残碧玉箫，泪满青衫袖。唤起姮娥为君寿，舞西风桂子凉秋。百年故侯，千钟美酒，一片闲愁。秋怀会真诗，相思债，花笺象管，钿盒金钗。雁啼明月中，人在青山外。独上危楼愁无奈，起西风一片离怀。白衣未来，东篱好在，黄菊先开。湖上废圃古苔苍，题痕旧，疏花照水，老叶沉沟。蜂黄点绣屏，蝶粉沾罗袖。困倚东风垂杨瘦，翠眉攒似带春愁。寻村问酒，无人倚楼，有树维舟。晚归湖上翠藤枝，生绡扇，初三月上，第四桥边。东坡旧赏心，西子新妆面。万顷波光澄如练，不尘埃便是神仙。谁家画船？冷冷玉筝，渺渺哀弦。鹤林观夜坐鹤归来，云飞去，仙山玉芝，秋水芙蕖。瑶台挂月奁，宝瑟移冰柱。一架寒香婆罗树，小阑干花影扶疏。凉生院宇，人闲洞府，客至蓬壶。山坡陀兮下属江，势崖绝兮游波所荡如颓墙。松茀律兮百尺旁，拔此惊葛之。上不见日兮下可依，吾曳杖兮吾僮亦吾之书随。藐余望兮水中汦，颀然而长者黄冠而羽衣。澣颐坦腹盘石箕坐兮，山亦有趾安不危，四无人兮可忘饥。仙人偓佺自言其居瑶之圃，一日一夜飞相往来不可数。使其开口言兮，岂惟河汉无极惊余心。默不言兮，蹇昭氏之不鼓琴。憺将山河与日月长在，若有人兮，梦中仇池我归路。此非小有兮，噫乎何以乐此而不去。昔余游于葛天兮，身非陶氏犹与偕。乘渺茫良未果兮，仆夫悲余马怀。聊逍遥兮容与，晞余发兮兰之渚。余论世兮千载一人犹并时，余行诘曲兮欲知余者稀。峨峨洋洋余方乐兮，譬余系舟于水，鱼潜鸟举亦不知。何必每念辄得，应余若响，坐有如此兮人子期。却忆往年看粉本，始知名画有工夫。应是故园桃李谢。送清江、一曲阑干下。染翰为春羁，嗟双鬓、客舍成华。绣鞭绮陌，强携酒、来觅吴娃。听扇底、凄惋新声，醉里翻念家。柳丝曳绿，正豆雨初晴，水天朱夏。石榴绽也。看猩红万点，倚亭欹榭。锁闼深中，料想酒阑歌罢。日将下。是那处藕花，香胜沈麝。

hou qiong tan ming .shu yan ji han .xi feng an jian xiao xian .bao dao feng cheng cui yue .sheng ge san wu ji .bing lun jia .tian wei bi .jian kuan yin .su e you li .ye zhuang jing .du zhan ling hua .dan xuan qiu se .yue ri .ju yi bai .wei zhi zu xia .zi zu xia zhe jiang ling zhi yu jin .fan wang zeng da shi jin bai pian .mei shi lai .huo ru xu .huo ru shu .guan yu juan shou .jie suo yi chen gu jin ge shi zhi yi .qie zi xu wei wen yin yuan .yu nian yue zhi yuan jin ye .pu ji shou zu xia shi .you yu zu xia ci yi .chang yu cheng da lai zhi .cu lun ge shi da duan .bing zi shu wei wen zhi yi .zong wei yi shu .zhi zu xia qian .lei sui yi lai .qian gu shao xia .jian you rong xi .huo yu wei zhi .you zi si suo chen .yi wu chu zu xia zhi jian .lin zhi fu ba zhe shu si .zu bu neng cheng jiu qi zhi .yi zhi yu jin .jin si zui xun yang .chu guan zhi shi qin wai wu yu shi .yin lan zu xia qu tong zhou ri suo liu xin jiu wen er shi liu zhou .kai juan de yi .hu ru hui mian .xin suo xu zhe .bian yu kuai yan .wang wang zi yi .bu zhi xiang qu wan li ye .ji er fen fei zhi qi .si you suo zhuo .sui zhui jiu qian zhi .mian wei ci shu .zu xia xing shi wei pu liu yi yi sheng .fu wen .shang yi .san cai ge you wen .tian zhi wen san guang shou zhi .di zhi wen wu cai shou zhi .ren zhi wen .liu jing .shou zhi .jiu .liu jing .yan ..shi .you shou zhi .he zhe .sheng ren gan ren xin er tian xia he ping .gan ren xin zhe .mo xian hu qing .mo shi hu yan .mo qie hu sheng .mo shen hu yi .shi zhe .gen qing .miao yan .hua sheng .shi yi .shang zi sheng xian .xia zhi yu si .wei ji tun yu .you ji gui shen .qun fen er qi tong .xing yi er qing yi .wei you sheng ru er bu ying .qing jiao er bu gan zhe .sheng ren zhi qi ran .yin qi yan .jing zhi yi liu yi .yuan qi sheng .wei zhi yi wu yin .yin you yun .yi you lei .yun xie ze yan shun .yan shun ze sheng yi ru .lei ju ze qing jian .qing jian ze gan yi jiao .yu shi hu yun da han shen .guan wei dong mi .shang xia tong er yi qi tai .you le he er bai zhi xi .wu di san huang suo yi zhi dao er xing .chui gong er li zhe .jie ci yi wei da bing .jue ci yi wei da dou ye .gu wen .yuan shou ming .gu gong liang .zhi ge .ze zhi yu dao chang yi .wen wu zi luo rui zhi ge .ze zhi xia zheng huang yi .yan zhe wu zui .wen zhe zu jie .yan zhe wen zhe mo bu liang jin qi xin yan .ji zhou shuai qin xing .cai shi guan fei .shang bu yi shi bu cha shi zheng .xia bu yi ge xie dao ren qing .yong zhi yu chan cheng zhi feng dong .jiu shi zhi dao que .yu shi liu yi shi zi yi ..guo feng .bian wei .sao ci ..wu yan shi yu su .li ..shi ...sao .jie bu yu zhe .ge xi qi zhi .fa er wei wen .gu he liang zhi ju .zhi yu shang bie .ze pan zhi yin .gui yu yuan si .fang huang yi yu .bu xia ji ta er .ran qu .shi .wei yuan .geng gai shang cun .gu xing li bie ze yin shuang fu yi yan wei yu .feng jun zi xiao ren ze yin xiang cao e niao wei bi .sui yi lei bu ju .you de feng ren zhi shi er san yan .yu shi liu yi shi que yi .jin .song yi huan .de zhe gai gua .yi kang le zhi ao bo .duo ni yu shan shui .yi yuan ming zhi gao gu .pian fang yu tian yuan .jiang .bao zhi liu .you xia yu ci .ru liang hong .wu yi .zhi li zhe .bai wu yi er .yu shi liu yi jin wei yi .ling yi zhi yu liang .chen jian .lv bu guo chao feng xue .nong hua cao er yi .yi .feng xue hua cao zhi wu .san bai pian zhong qi she zhi hu .gu suo yong he ru er .she ru .bei feng qi liang ..jia feng yi ci wei nue ..yu xue fei fei ..yin xue yi min zheng yi ..tang di zhi hua ..gan hua yi feng xiong di ..cai cai fu yi ..mei cao yi le you zi ye .jie xing fa yu ci er yi gui yu bi .fan shi zhe .ke hu zai .ran ze .yu xia san cheng qi .cheng jiang jing ru lian ...gui hua xian wei lu .bie ye zha ci feng .zhi shi .li ze li yi .wu bu zhi qi suo feng yan .gu pu suo wei chao feng xue .nong hua cao er yi .yu shi liu yi jin qu yi .tang xing er bai nian .qi jian shi ren bu ke sheng shu .suo ke ju zhe .chen zi ang you .gan yu shi .er shi shou .bao fang .gan xing shi .shi wu pian .you shi zhi hao zhe .shi cheng li .du .li zhi zuo .cai yi .qi yi .ren bu dai yi .suo qi feng ya bi xing .shi wu yi yan .du shi zui duo .ke chuan zhe qian yu shou .zhi yu guan chuan gu jin .zhen lv ge lv .jin gong jin shan .you guo yu li yan .ran cuo qi .xin an ...shi hao ...tong guan li ...lu zi guan ...hua men .zhi zhang ..zhu men jiu rou chou .lu you dong si gu .zhi ju .yi bu guo shi san si .du shang ru ci .kuang bu dai du zhe hu .pu chang tong shi dao beng huai .hu hu fen fa .huo fei shi chuo qin .bu liang cai li .yu fu qi zhi .jie hu .shi you da miu zhe .you bu ke yi er er yan .ran yi bu neng bu cu chen yu zuo you .pu shi sheng liu qi yue shi .ru mu bao nong yu shu ping xia .you zhi .zhi .zi ..wu .zi shi pu zhe .pu kou wei neng yan .xin yi mo shi .hou you wen ci er zi zhe .sui bai shi qi shi .er zhi zhi bu cha .ze zhi pu su xi zhi yuan .yi zai wen zi zhong yi .ji wu liu sui .bian xue wei shi .jiu sui an shi sheng yun .shi wu liu .shi zhi you jin shi .ku jie du shu .er shi yi lai .zhou ke fu .ye ke shu .jian you ke shi .bu huang qin xi yi .yi zhi yu kou she cheng chuang .shou zhou cheng zhi .ji zhuang er fu ge bu feng ying .wei lao er chi fa zao shuai bai .mao mao ran ru fei ying chui zhu zai mou zi zhong zhe .dong yi wan shu .gai yi ku xue li wen zhi suo zhi .you zi bei .jia pin duo gu .er shi qi fang cong xiang fu .ji di zhi hou .sui zhuan yu ke shi .yi bu fei shi .ji shou xiao shu lang shi .yi ying san si bai shou .huo chu shi jiao you ru zu xia bei .jian jie wei zhi gong .qi shi wei kui zuo zhe zhi yu er .zi deng chao lai .nian chi jian chang .yue shi jian duo .mei yu ren yan .duo xun shi wu .mei du shu shi .duo qiu li dao .shi zhi wen zhang he wei shi er zhuo .ge shi he wei shi er zuo .shi shi huang di chu ji wei .zai fu you zheng ren .lv jiang xi shu .fang ren ji bing .pu dang ci ri .zhuo zai han lin .shen shi jian guan .yue qing jian zhi .qi zou zhi jian .you ke yi jiu ji ren bing .bi bu shi que .er nan yu zhi yan zhe .zhe yong ge zhi .yu shao shao jin wen yu shang .shang yi guang chen ting .fu you qin .ci yi chou en jiang .sai yan ze .xia yi fu wu ping sheng zhi zhi .qi tu zhi wei jiu er hui yi sheng .yan wei wen er bang yi cheng yi .you qing wei zuo you zhong yan zhi .fan wen pu .he yu shi ..zhong kou ji ji .yi wei fei yi yi .wen pu .ku kong kan shi ..zhong mian mai mai .jin bu yue yi .wen .qin zhong yin ..ze quan hao gui jin zhe .xiang mu er bian se yi .wen .deng le you yuan .ji zu xia shi .ze zhi zheng bing zhe e wan yi .wen .su zi ge cun .shi .ze wo jun yao zhe qie chi yi .da lv ru ci .bu ke bian ju .bu xiang yu zhe .hao wei gu yu .hao wei di jie .hao wei shan bang .gou xiang yu zhe .ze ru niu seng ru zhi jie yan .nai zhi gu rou qi nu .jie yi wo wei fei ye .qi bu wo fei zhe .ju shi bu guo san liang ren .you deng fang zhe .jian pu shi er xi .wu he fang si .you tang qu zhe .jian pu shi er qi .wei ji er qu si .qi yu ji zu xia .zu xia you shi nian lai kun zhi ruo ci .wu hu .qi liu yi si shi zhi feng .tian jiang po huai .bu ke zhi chi ye .yi you bu zhi tian yi bu yu shi xia ren bing ku wen yu shang ye .bu ran .he you zhi yu shi zhe .bu li ruo ci zhi shen ye .ran pu you zi si guan dong yi nan zi er .chu du shu shu wen wai .qi ta meng ran wu zhi .nai zhi shu hua qi bo .ke yi jie qun ju zhi huan zhe .yi wu tong xiao .ji qi yu zhuo ke zhi yi .chu ying jin shi shi .zhong chao wu si ma zhi qin .da guan wu ban mian zhi jiu .ce jian bu yu li zu zhi tu .zhang kong quan yu zhan wen zhi chang .shi nian zhi jian .san deng ke di .ming luo zhong er .ji sheng qing guan .chu jiao xian jun .ru shi mian liu .shi de ming yu wen zhang .zhong de zui yu wen zhang .yi qi yi ye .ri zhe wen qin you jian shuo .li .li bu ju xuan ren .duo yi pu si shi fu pan wei zhun de .qi yu shi ju .yi wang wang zai ren kou zhong .pu nv ran zi kui .bu zhi xin ye .ji zai lai chang an .you wen you jun shi gao xia yu zhe .yu pin chang ji .ji da kua yue ..wo song de bai xue shi .chang hen ge ..qi tong ta zai ..you shi zeng jia .you zu xia shu yun .dao tong zhou ri .jian jiang guan zhu jian you ti pu shi zhe .he ren zai .you zuo guo han nan ri .shi yu zhu ren ji zhong yu le .ta bin zhu ji jian pu lai .zhi er xiang gu yue .ci shi .qin zhong yin ...chang hen ge .zhu er .zi chang an di jiang xi san si qian li .fan xiang xiao .fo si .ni lv .xing zhou zhi zhong .wang wang you ti pu shi zhe .shi shu .seng tu .shuang fu .chu nv zhi kou .mei you yong pu shi zhe .ci cheng diao zhuan zhi xi .bu zu wei duo .ran jin shi su suo zhong .zheng zai ci er .sui qian xian ru yuan .yun zhe .qian bei ru li .du zhe .yi wei neng wang qing yu qi jian .gu ren yun ..ming zhe gong qi .bu ke duo qu ..pu shi he zhe .qie shi zhi ming yi duo .ji qie shi ming .you yu qie shi zhi fu gui .shi ji wei zao wu zhe .ken jian yu zhi hu .jin zhi tun qiong .li gu ran ye .kuang shi ren duo jian .ru chen zi ang .du fu .ge shou yi shi yi .er tun bao zhi si .meng hao ran bei bu ji yi ming .qiong cui zhong shen .jin ri meng jiao liu shi .zhong shi xie lv .zhang ji wu shi .wei li yi tai zhu .bi he ren zai .kuang pu zhi cai you bu dai bi .jin sui zhe zuo yuan jun .er guan pin zhi di wu .yue feng si wu wan .han you yi .ji you shi .gei shen zhi wai .shi ji jia ren .yi ke wei bu fu bai shi zi yi .wei zhi .wei zhi .wu nian wo zai .pu shu yue lai .jian tao nang zhi zhong .de xin jiu shi .ge yi lei fen .fen wei juan mu .zi shi yi lai .fan suo yu suo gan .guan yu mei ci xing bi zhe .you zi wu de zhi yuan he .yin shi li ti .ti wei .xin le fu .zhe .gong yi bai wu shi shou .wei zhi feng yu shi .you huo tui gong du chu .huo yi dong bing xian ju .zhi zu bao he .yin wan xing qing zhe yi bai shou .wei zhi .xian shi shi ..you you shi wu qian yu wai .qing li dong yu nei .sui gan yu er xing yu tan yong zhe yi bai shou .wei zhi .gan shang shi ..you you wu yan .qi yan .chang ju .jue ju .zi yi bai yun zhi liang bai yun zhe si bai yu shou .wei zhi .za lv shi ..fan wei shi wu juan .yue ba bai shou .yi shi xiang jian .dang jin zhi yu zhi shi .wei zhi .gu ren yun ..qiong ze du shan qi shen .da ze jian ji tian xia ..pu sui bu xiao .chang shi ci yu .da zhang fu suo shou zhe dao .suo dai zhe shi .shi zhi lai ye .wei yun long .wei feng peng .bo ran tu ran .chen li yi chu .shi zhi bu lai ye .wei wu bao .wei ming hong .ji xi liao xi .feng shen er tui .jin tui chu chu .he wang er bu zi de zai .gu pu zhi zai jian ji .xing zai du shan .feng er shi zhong zhi ze wei dao .yan er fa ming zhi ze wei shi .wei zhi feng yu shi .jian ji zhi zhi ye .wei zhi xian shi shi .du shan zhi yi ye .gu lan pu shi zhe .zhi pu zhi dao yan .qi yu za lv shi .huo you yu yi shi yi wu .fa yu yi xiao yi yin .lv ran cheng zhang .fei ping sheng suo shang zhe .dan yi qin peng he san zhi ji .qu qi shi hen zuo huan .jin quan ci zhi jian .wei neng shan qu .ta shi you wei wo bian ji si wen zhe .lue zhi ke ye .wei zhi .fu gui er jian mu .rong gu lou jin .ren zhi da qing ye .pu bu neng yuan zheng gu jiu .ru jin sui wei su zhou ge xing .cai li zhi wai .po jin xing feng .qi wu yan shi .you gao ya xian dan .zi cheng yi jia zhi ti .jin zhi bing bi zhe shui neng ji zhi .ran dang su zhou zai shi .ren yi wei shen ai zhong .bi dai shen hou .ren shi gui zhi .jin pu zhi shi .ren suo ai zhe .xi bu guo za lv shi yu .chang hen ge .yi xia er .shi zhi suo zhong .pu zhi suo qing .zhi yu feng yu zhe .yi ji er yan zhi .xian shi zhe .si dan er ci you .yi zhi he you .yi ren zhi bu ai ye .jin suo ai zhe .bing shi er sheng .du zu xia er .ran bai qian nian hou .an zhi fu wu ru zu xia zhe chu .er zhi ai wo shi zai .gu zi ba jiu nian lai .yu zu xia xiao tong ze yi shi xiang jie .xiao qiong ze yi shi xiang mian .suo ju ze yi shi xiang wei .tong chu ze yi shi xiang yu .zhi wu zui wu .lv yi shi ye .ru jin nian chun you cheng nan shi .yu zu xia ma shang xiang xi .yin ge song xin yan xiao lv .bu za ta pian .zi huang zi bei gui zhao guo li .die yin di chang .bu jue sheng zhe er shi li yu .pan .li zai bang .wu suo cuo kou .zhi wo zhe yi wei shi xian .bu zhi wo zhe yi wei shi mo .he ze .lao xin ling .yi sheng qi .lian chao jie xi .bu zi zhi qi ku .fei mo er he .ou tong ren dang mei jing .huo hua shi yan ba .huo yue ye jiu han .yi yong yi yin .bu jue lao zhi jiang zhi .sui can luan he .you peng ying zhe zhi shi .wu yi jia yu ci yan .you fei xian er he .wei zhi .wei zhi .ci wu suo yi yu zu xia wai xing hai .tuo zong ji .ao xuan ding .qing ren huan zhe .you yi ci ye .dang ci zhi shi .zu xia xing you yu li .qie yu yu pu xi suo huan wang zhong shi .qu qi you chang zhe .ru zhang shi ba gu le fu .li er shi xin ge xing .lu .yang er mi shu lv shi .dou qi .yuan ba jue ju .bo sou jing duo .bian er ci zhi .hao wei .yuan bai wang huan ji ..zhong jun zi de ni yi yu ci zhe .mo bu yong yue xin xi .yi wei sheng shi .jie hu .yan wei zhong er zu xia zuo zhuan .bu shu yue er pu you ji xing .xin qi suo ran .he ri cheng jiu .you ke wei zhi tai xi yi .pu chang yu zu xia .fan ren wei wen .si yu zi shi .bu ren yu ge jie .huo shi yu fan duo .qi jian yan chi .yi you zi huo .bi dai jiao you you gong jian wu gu xi zhe .tao lun er xiao duo zhi .ran hou fan jian dang fou .de qi zhong yi .kuang pu yu zu xia .wei wen you huan qi duo .ji shang bing .kuang ta ren hu .jin qie ge zuan shi bi .cu wei juan di .dai yu zu xia xiang jian ri .ge chu suo you .zhong qian zhi yan .you bu zhi xiang yu shi he nian .xiang jian shi he di .ke ran er zhi .ze ru zhi he .wei zhi zhi wo xin zai .xun yang la yue .jiang feng ku han .sui mu xian huan .ye chang shao shui .yin bi pu zhi .qiao ran deng qian .you nian ze shu .yan wu quan ci .wu yi fan za wei juan .qie yi dai yi xi zhi hua yan ye .ju yi zi xu ru ci .wen shi yi wei xin ran .mo mo zhong mai bi xiao yin .ning xian ren hui zi qi xin .wei mi san jing yi shi xun .ru mo chao heng si ke ting .ti huang yue man wei chu qin .qian yi qing ji wu jiang shen .qu la fei hua .jin chun wei yi .yi li jiang du yuan xiao .e ran jia zi .qing di xia xin tiao .jing sao yi tian shen ai .hong lun man .da di shan he .cong jin hao .bian dang ting qu .wan guo qi ge yao .you ren .dang ci ji ..yun shen wu .jian yue zhong a .yi zhan duan chun feng .zi zhong xian tao .geng fu shu gui ying zhi .cong yan di .shang fu yun shao .reng wei wo .chang mo cang shi .wu fu ci qing bo .yi zhi wan jin you bu xi .xue tao zuo ye meng zhong lai .yin qin quan xiang jun bian mi .xi hu ji shi rui zhu gong .peng lai dong .qing song ying li .hong ou xiang zhong .qian ji yun jin zhong .yi pian yin he dong .piao miao jia ren shuang fei feng .zi xiao han yue man chang kong .lan gan wan feng .ling ge shang xia .yu huo xi dong .dui bie feng cha fen .yuan qin ling .qing qing bie li .xiao xiao qian cheng .hua kai wei shui qiu .jiu jin yang guan ling .bu guan jia ren chou cheng bing .zai qin shu hua ge wu qing .jin xiao yue ming .sheng chen yu sheng .ying dan yin deng .ci yun .gui qu lai .cao tang kong .chai men bi .fang xian liu zhi .ban lao shan qi .shui chuan hong jin ci .zi shuo bai yun ji .zhao xia yuan ming xiu guan li .he yi pian gui qu lai xi .gua tian hou xi .mei quan xia zhu .ju pu dong li .hu rong zhai shi jun xi jian bai tou xin .huang hua shou .chang tian bei dou .ming yue nan lou .chui can bi yu xiao .lei man qing shan xiu .huan qi heng e wei jun shou .wu xi feng gui zi liang qiu .bai nian gu hou .qian zhong mei jiu .yi pian xian chou .qiu huai hui zhen shi .xiang si zhai .hua jian xiang guan .dian he jin cha .yan ti ming yue zhong .ren zai qing shan wai .du shang wei lou chou wu nai .qi xi feng yi pian li huai .bai yi wei lai .dong li hao zai .huang ju xian kai .hu shang fei pu gu tai cang .ti hen jiu .shu hua zhao shui .lao ye chen gou .feng huang dian xiu ping .die fen zhan luo xiu .kun yi dong feng chui yang shou .cui mei zan si dai chun chou .xun cun wen jiu .wu ren yi lou .you shu wei zhou .wan gui hu shang cui teng zhi .sheng xiao shan .chu san yue shang .di si qiao bian .dong po jiu shang xin .xi zi xin zhuang mian .wan qing bo guang cheng ru lian .bu chen ai bian shi shen xian .shui jia hua chuan .leng leng yu zheng .miao miao ai xian .he lin guan ye zuo he gui lai .yun fei qu .xian shan yu zhi .qiu shui fu qu .yao tai gua yue lian .bao se yi bing zhu .yi jia han xiang po luo shu .xiao lan gan hua ying fu shu .liang sheng yuan yu .ren xian dong fu .ke zhi peng hu .shan po tuo xi xia shu jiang .shi ya jue xi you bo suo dang ru tui qiang .song fu lv xi bai chi pang .ba ci jing ge zhi .shang bu jian ri xi xia ke yi .wu ye zhang xi wu tong yi wu zhi shu sui .miao yu wang xi shui zhong zhi .qi ran er chang zhe huang guan er yu yi .huan yi tan fu pan shi ji zuo xi .shan yi you zhi an bu wei .si wu ren xi ke wang ji .xian ren wo quan zi yan qi ju yao zhi pu .yi ri yi ye fei xiang wang lai bu ke shu .shi qi kai kou yan xi .qi wei he han wu ji jing yu xin .mo bu yan xi .jian zhao shi zhi bu gu qin .dan jiang shan he yu ri yue chang zai .ruo you ren xi .meng zhong chou chi wo gui lu .ci fei xiao you xi .yi hu he yi le ci er bu qu .xi yu you yu ge tian xi .shen fei tao shi you yu xie .cheng miao mang liang wei guo xi .pu fu bei yu ma huai .liao xiao yao xi rong yu .xi yu fa xi lan zhi zhu .yu lun shi xi qian zai yi ren you bing shi .yu xing jie qu xi yu zhi yu zhe xi .e e yang yang yu fang le xi .pi yu xi zhou yu shui .yu qian niao ju yi bu zhi .he bi mei nian zhe de .ying yu ruo xiang .zuo you ru ci xi ren zi qi .que yi wang nian kan fen ben .shi zhi ming hua you gong fu .ying shi gu yuan tao li xie .song qing jiang .yi qu lan gan xia .ran han wei chun ji .jie shuang bin .ke she cheng hua .xiu bian qi mo .qiang xie jiu .lai mi wu wa .ting shan di .qi wan xin sheng .zui li fan nian jia .liu si ye lv .zheng dou yu chu qing .shui tian zhu xia .shi liu zhan ye .kan xing hong wan dian .yi ting yi xie .suo ta shen zhong .liao xiang jiu lan ge ba .ri jiang xia .shi na chu ou hua .xiang sheng shen she .

地(di)上都已播种黑泰，芦苇水滩也已开垦经营。
⑻浮生：意为世事不定，人生短促。李涉《题鹤林寺僧舍(she)》：“偶经竹院逢僧话，又得浮生半日闲。”尾声：“算了吧！
意有凭：心意有根据，这里有融合之意。作者客居他乡，看尽鸿雁的北往和燕(yan)子的南来，而故乡的消息茫然，不禁惆怅满怀。整个(ge)春天都在惦念家乡，人已憔悴有谁怜？于是只好在这落花时节的寒食夜以酒浇愁。
⑾兴尽：典出《世说新语》晋王(wang)子猷(you)雪夜访戴(dai)的故事。他出入于九重天宇，华山为此增光辉；
⑹浙江：此指钱塘江。我把犀梳斜插在头上，让头发半垂鬓边，敲响檀板，唱清丽的歌曲。抬眼望高空白云，不知它漂泊何处，梦醒后只见皎洁的明月从春江江畔冉冉升起。
②饮：要别人喝酒。这种饮酒言笑的生活的确很美好，抛弃它实在无道理可言。
57、誓不相隔卿……誓天不相负：这是府吏对兰芝说的话。　　于是同伴高兴的笑了，清洗杯(bei)盏重新斟酒。菜肴和果品都被吃完，只剩下桌上的杯碟一片凌乱。（苏子与同伴）在船里互相枕着垫着睡去，不知不觉天边已经显出白色（指天明了）。
[7]车驾、銮舆：都是帝王乘的车子，因以作为皇帝的代称。

　　而诗人在《致斋太常寺以杖画地成》中又用这一意境，写了：“杖藤为笔沙为纸，闲理庭前试草书。无奈春风犹制肘，等闲撩乱入衣裾。”可见，诗人对这一意境和这一手法是情有独钟。但相比较而言，还是“偷开门户又翻书”来得更自然亲切，也更有趣些。
　　吴隐之终不相信这古老传说，不相信贪泉有如此巨大的魔力，他勇敢地《酌贪泉》吴隐之 古诗而饮了，准备迎接即将来临的考验。诗的后二句，他是借伯夷叔齐自比，表示自己清廉为政的决心。
　　范元实云：“义山诗，世人但称其巧丽，至与温庭筠齐名。盖俗学只见其皮肤，其高情远意，皆不识也。”他引了《筹笔驿》、《马嵬》等篇来说明。（见魏庆之《诗人玉屑》卷十五引《诗眼》）其实，不仅咏史诗以及叙志述怀之作是如此，在更多的即景寄兴的小诗里，同样可以见出李商隐的“高情远意”。叶燮是看到了这点的，所以他特别指出李商隐的七言绝句，“寄托深而措辞婉”（《原诗》外编下）。于此诗，也可见其一斑。
　　后四句接上文，继续借物寓人，以花写人。“归霞帔拖蜀帐昏，嫣红落粉罢承恩。” “归霞帔拖”写残花之景，像衣帔下垂，蜀帐即用蜀纸做的护花罩。全句说，花儿凋零，花帐也失去了光彩，嫣红的花朵飘落，失去了主人的宠爱。隐喻老一辈贵族老死，新一辈贵族失去了当权者（皇帝）的宠爱和恩泽。“檀郎谢女眠何处？楼台月明燕夜语。”檀郎：潘岳，小名檀奴，谢女：谢安蓄妓；檀郎谢女借指贵族青年男女。楼台：当年观花处。全句说：贵族的青年男女又有什么归宿呢，当年喧嚣一时的观花楼台只有燕子在明月下対语。
　　此诗的历代训诂也多歧义，主要是第三句的“成”字和第五句的“保介”一词。“成”字有释为“成绩”者，则句意为“王对你们的成绩给予赏赐”，亦通。《诗集传》等书所释“成法”于上下文义亦圆通顺畅。“保介”一词，有人释为“执甲之士”，即周王左右卫士，有成篇的考据；或释为“农官”已合情合理。
　　诗的核心是一个“归”字。诗人一开头，首先描写夕阳斜照村落的景象，渲染暮色苍茫的浓烈气氛，作为总背景，统摄全篇。接着，诗人一笔就落到“归”字上，描绘了牛羊徐徐归村的情景，使人很自然地联想起《诗经》里的几句诗：“鸡栖于埘，日之夕矣，羊牛下来。君子于役，如之何勿思？”诗人痴情地目送牛羊归村，直至没入深巷。就在这时，诗人看到了更为动人的情景：柴门外，一位慈祥的老人拄着拐杖，正迎候着放牧归来的小孩。这种朴素的散发着泥土芬芳的深情，感染了诗人，似乎也分享到了牧童归家的乐趣。顿时间，他感到这田野上的一切生命，在这黄昏时节，似乎都在思归。麦地里的野鸡叫得多动情啊，那是在呼唤自己的配偶呢；桑林里的桑叶已所剩无几，蚕儿开始吐丝作茧，营就自己的安乐窝，找到自己的归宿了。田野上，农夫们三三两两，扛着锄头下地归来，在田间小道上偶然相遇，亲切絮语，简直有点乐而忘归呢。诗人目睹这一切，联想到自己的处境和身世，十分感慨。自公元737年（开元二十五年）宰相张九龄被排挤出朝廷之后，王维深感政治上失去依傍，进退两难。在这种心绪下他来到原野，看到人皆有所归，唯独自己尚旁徨中路，不能不既羡慕又惆怅。所以诗人感慨系之地说：“即此羡闲逸，怅然吟式微。”其实，农夫们并不闲逸。但诗人觉得和自己担惊受怕的官场生活相比，农夫们安然得多，自在得多，故有闲逸之感。《式微》是《诗经·邶风》中的一篇，诗中反复咏叹：“式微，式微，胡不归？”诗人借以抒发自己急欲归隐田园的心情，不仅在意境上与首句“斜阳照墟落”相照映，而且在内容上也落在“归”字上，使写景与抒情契合无间，浑然一体，画龙点睛式地揭示了主题。读完这最后一句，才恍然大悟：前面写了那么多的“归”，实际上都是反衬，以人皆有所归，反衬自己独无所归；以人皆归得及时、亲切、惬意，反衬自己归隐太迟以及自己混迹官场的孤单、苦闷。这最后一句是全诗的重心和灵魂。如果以为诗人的本意就在于完成那幅田家晚归图，这就失之于肤浅了。全诗不事雕绘，纯用白描，自然清新，诗意盎然。
　　“明知边地苦，贱妾何能久自全？”现在我明明知道在边地筑城是那么地艰苦，我又怎么能够自私地图谋长久地保全自己呢？
　　此诗属汉《铙歌十八曲》之一，这首民歌是为在战场上的阵亡者而作，作者借助战士之口描写战争的残酷，反对并诅咒战争，道出人民只是战争的牺牲品。
　　诗的第一章首先以无限感慨、无限忧伤的语气，埋怨天命靡常：“不骏其德”，致使丧乱、饥馑和灾难都一起降在人间。但是，真正有罪的人，依然逍遥自在，而广大无罪的人，却蒙受了无限的苦难。这里，表面是埋怨昊天，实际上是借以讽刺幽王。接着，第二章就直接揭示了残酷的现实问题：“周宗既灭，靡所止戾”。可是在这国家破灭、人民丧亡之际，一些王公大臣、公卿大夫们，逃跑的逃跑，躲避的躲避，不仅不能为扶倾救危效力，反而乘机做出各种恶劣的行径。因而，第三章作者就进一步揭示出了造成这次灾祸的根本原因：国王“辟言不信”，一天天胡作非为，不知要把国家引向何处；而“凡百君子”又“不畏于天”，反而助纣为虐，做出了一系列既不自重、又肆无忌惮的坏事。第四章，作者又以沉痛的语言指出：战祸不息，饥荒不止，国事日非，不仅百官“莫肯用讯”，国王也只能听进顺耳的话而拒绝批评，只有他这位侍御小臣在为危难当头的国事而“憯憯日瘁”了。第五章，作者再次申诉自己处境的艰难。由于国王“听言则答，谮言则退”，致使自己“哀哉不能言”，而那些能说会道之徒则口若悬河。自己“维躬是瘁”，而他们却“俾躬处休”。不是自己拙口笨舌，而是国王是非不分、忠奸不辨的行为使自己无法谏诤了。对比鲜明，感情更加深沉。因此，在第六章里，作者又进一步说明了“于仕”的困难和危殆。仕而直道，将得罪天子；仕而枉道，又见怨于朋友。左右为难，忧心如焚。最后一章，作者指出：要劝那些达官贵人迁向王朝的新都吧，他们又以“未有家室”为借口而加以拒绝，加以嫉恨，致使自己无法说话，而只有“鼠思泣血”。其实，他们在国家危难之际，外地虽然没有家室，也照样纷纷逃离了。
　　“恁时”三句，仍是回忆。“恁时”即“那时”，连上“曾行处、绿妒轻裙”时事。他轻携素手，絮飞花乱的暮春季节里，漫步于如茵绿草之间。而眼前的如茵绿草，又使他兴起无限感喟。“朱颜”两句，从刘希夷诗“年年岁岁花相似，岁岁年年人不同”化出，时光流逝，人事已非，相逢不知何日。自己年华已经渐老，只有芳草却是春风吹过而新绿又生。结末呼应上文，愿人们毋须触景伤情，当春回大地、绿满田野之时，可以放怀宴游，到那时可不要辜负了青春好时光。