且维轻舸更迟迟，别酒重倾惜解携。浩浪侵愁光荡漾，扬清歌，发皓齿，北方佳人东邻子。且吟白纻停绿水，长袖拂面为君起。寒云夜卷霜海空，胡风吹天飘塞鸿。玉颜满堂乐未终，馆娃日落歌吹濛。月寒江清夜沉沉，美人一笑千黄金。垂罗舞縠扬哀音，郢中白雪且莫吟，子夜吴歌动君心。动君心，冀君赏。愿作天池双鸳鸯，一朝飞去青云上。吴刀剪彩缝舞衣，明妆丽服夺春晖。扬眉转袖若雪飞，倾城独立世所稀。激楚结风醉忘归，高堂月落烛已微，玉钗挂缨君莫违。九月天山风似刀，城南猎马缩寒毛。将军纵博场场胜，赌得单于貂鼠袍。余生足下。前日浮屠犁支自言永历中宦者，为足下道滇黔间事。余闻之，载笔往问焉。余至而犁支已去，因教足下为我书其语来，去年冬乃得读之，稍稍识其大略。而吾乡方学士有《滇黔纪闻》一编，余六七年前尝见之。及是而余购得是书，取犁支所言考之，以证其同异。盖两人之言各有详有略，而亦不无大相悬殊者，传闻之间，必有讹焉。然而学土考据颇为确核，而犁支又得于耳目之所睹记，二者将何取信哉？昔者宋之亡也，区区海岛一隅，仅如弹丸黑子，不逾时而又已灭亡，而史犹得以备书其事。今以弘光之帝南京，隆武之帝闽越，永历之帝西粤、帝滇黔，地方数千里，首尾十七八年，揆以《春秋》之义，岂遽不如昭烈之在蜀，帝昺之在崖州？而其事惭以灭没。近日方宽文字之禁，而天下所以避忌讳者万端，其或菰芦泽之间，有廑廑志其梗概，所谓存什一于千百，而其书未出，又无好事者为之掇拾流传，不久而已荡为清风，化为冷灰。至于老将退卒、故家旧臣、遗民父老，相继澌尽，而文献无征，凋残零落，使一时成败得失与夫孤忠效死、乱贼误国、流离播迁之情状，无以示于后世，岂不可叹也哉！终明之末三百年无史，金匮石室之藏，恐终沦散放失，而世所流布诸书，缺略不祥，毁誉失实。嗟乎！世无子长、孟坚，不可聊且命笔。鄙人无状，窃有志焉，而书籍无从广购，又困于饥寒，衣食日不暇给，惧此事终已废弃。是则有明全盛之书且不得见其成，而又何况于夜郎、筇笮、昆明、洱海奔走流亡区区之轶事乎？前日翰林院购遗书于各州郡，书稍稍集，但自神宗晚节事涉边疆者，民间汰去不以上；而史官所指名以购者，其外颇更有潜德幽光，稗官碑志纪载出于史馆之所不及知者，皆不得以上，则亦无以成一代之全史。甚矣其难也！余员昔之志于明史，有深痛焉、辄好问当世事。而身所与士大夫接甚少，士大夫亦无有以此为念者，又足迹未尝至四方，以故见闻颇寡，然而此志未尝不时时存也。足下知犁支所在，能召之来与余面论其事，则不胜幸甚。长夜难明赤县天，百年魔怪舞翩跹，人民五亿不团圆。一唱雄鸡天下白，万方乐奏有于阗，诗人兴会更无前。陈胜者，阳城人也，字涉。吴广者，阳夏人也，字叔。陈涉少时，尝与人佣耕，辍耕之垄上，怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，无相忘。”佣者笑而应曰：“若为佣耕，何富贵也？”陈涉太息曰：“嗟乎！燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！”二世元年七月，发闾左谪戍渔阳，九百人屯大泽乡。陈胜﹑吴广皆次当行，为屯长。会天大雨，道不通，度已失期。失期，法皆斩。陈胜﹑吴广乃谋曰：“今亡亦死，举大计亦死；等死，死国可乎？”陈胜曰：“天下苦秦久矣。吾闻二世少子也，不当立，当立者乃公子扶苏。扶苏以数谏故，上使外将兵。今或闻无罪，二世杀之。百姓多闻其贤，未知其死也。项燕为楚将，数有功，爱士卒，楚人怜之。或以为死，或以为亡。今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏﹑项燕，为天下唱，宜多应者。”吴广以为然。乃行卜。卜者知其指意，曰：“足下事皆成，有功。然足下卜之鬼乎！”陈胜﹑吴广喜，念鬼，曰：“此教我先威众耳。”乃丹书帛曰“陈胜王”，置人所罾鱼腹中。卒买鱼烹食，得鱼腹中书，固以怪之矣。又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中，夜篝火，狐鸣唿曰：“大楚兴，陈胜王。”卒皆夜惊恐。旦日，卒中往往语，皆指目陈胜。吴广素爱人，士卒多为用者。将尉醉，广故数言欲亡，忿恚尉，令辱之，以激怒其众。尉果笞广。尉剑挺，广起，夺而杀尉。陈胜佐之，并杀两尉。召令徒属曰：“公等遇雨，皆已失期，失期当斩。藉第令毋斩，而戍死者固十六七。且壮士不死即已，死即举大名耳，王侯将相宁nìng有种乎！”徒属皆曰：“敬受命。”乃诈称公子扶苏﹑项燕，从民欲也。袒右，称大楚。为坛而盟，祭以尉首。陈胜自立为将军，吴广为都尉。攻大泽乡，收而攻蕲qí。蕲下，乃令符离人葛婴将兵徇蕲以东。攻铚、酂、苦、柘、谯皆下之。行收兵。比至陈，车六七百乘，骑千余，卒数万人。攻陈，陈守令皆不在，独守丞与战谯门中。弗胜，守丞死，乃入据陈。数日，号令召三老﹑豪杰与皆来会计事。三老﹑豪杰皆曰：“将军身被坚执锐，伐无道，诛暴秦，复立楚国之社稷jì，功宜为王。”陈涉乃立为王，号为张楚。当此时，诸郡县苦秦吏者，皆刑其长吏，杀之以应陈涉。乃以吴叔为假王，监诸将以西击荥阳。令陈人武臣、张耳、陈馀徇赵地，令汝阴人邓宗徇九江郡。当此时，楚兵数千人为聚者，不可胜数。葛婴至东城，立襄强为楚王。婴后闻陈王已立，因杀襄强，还报。至陈，陈王诛杀葛婴。陈王令魏人周市北徇魏地。吴广围荥阳。李由为三川守，守荥阳，吴叔弗能下。陈王征国之豪杰与计，以上蔡人房君蔡赐为上柱国。周文，陈之贤人也，尝为项燕军视日，事春申君，自言习兵，陈王与之将军印，西击秦。行收兵至关，车千乘，卒数十万，至戏，军焉。秦令少府章邯免郦山徒﹑人奴产子生，悉发以击楚大军，尽败之。周文败，走出关，止次曹阳二三月。章邯追败之，复走次渑池十余日。章邯击，大破之。周文自刭，军遂不战。武臣到邯郸，自立为赵王，陈馀为大将军，张耳、召骚为左右丞相。陈王怒，捕系武臣等家室，欲诛之。柱国曰：“秦未亡而诛赵王将相家属，此生一秦也。不如因而立之。”陈王乃遣使者贺赵，而徙系武臣等家属宫中，而封耳子张敖为成都君，趣赵兵，亟入关。赵王将相相与谋曰：“王王赵，非楚意也。楚已诛秦，必加兵于赵。计莫如毋西兵，使使北徇燕地以自广也。赵南据大河，北有燕、代，楚虽胜秦，不敢制赵。若楚不胜秦，必重赵。赵乘秦之弊，可以得志于天下。”赵王以为然，因不西兵，而遣故上谷卒史韩广将兵北徇燕地。燕故贵人豪杰谓韩广曰：“楚已立王，赵又已立王。燕虽小，亦万乘之国也，原将军立为燕王。”韩广曰：“广母在赵，不可。”燕人曰：“赵方西忧秦，南忧楚，其力不能禁我。且以楚之彊，不敢害赵王将相之家，赵独安敢害将军之家！”韩广以为然，乃自立为燕王。居数月，赵奉燕王母及家属归之燕。当此之时，诸将之徇地者，不可胜数。周市北徇地至狄，狄人田儋杀狄令，自立为齐王，以齐反击周市。市军散，还至魏地，欲立魏后故宁陵君咎为魏王。时咎在陈王所，不得之魏。魏地已定，欲相与立周市为魏王，周市不肯。使者五反，陈王乃立宁陵君咎为魏王，遣之国。周市卒为相。将军田臧等相与谋曰：“周章军已破矣，秦兵旦暮至，我围荥阳城弗能下，秦军至，必大败。不如少遗兵，足以守荥阳，悉精兵迎秦军。今假王骄，不知兵权，不可与计，非诛之，事恐败。”因相与矫王令以诛吴叔，献其首于陈王。陈王使使赐田臧楚令尹印，使为上将。田臧乃使诸将李归等守荥阳城，自以精兵西迎秦军于敖仓。与战，田臧死，军破。章邯进兵击李归等荥阳下，破之，李归等死。阳城人邓说将兵居郯，章邯别将击破之，邓说军散走陈。铚人伍徐将兵居许，章邯击破之，伍徐军皆散走陈。陈王诛邓说。陈王初立时，陵人秦嘉﹑铚人董譄﹑符离人朱鸡石﹑取虑人郑布﹑徐人丁疾等皆特起，将兵围东海守庆于郯。陈王闻，乃使武平君畔为将军，监郯下军。秦嘉不受命，嘉自立为大司马，恶属武平君。告军吏曰：“武平君年少，不知兵事，勿听！”因矫以王命杀武平君畔。章邯已破伍徐，击陈，柱国房君死。章邯又进兵击陈西张贺军。陈王出监战，军破，张贺死。腊月，陈王之汝阴，还至下城父，其御庄贾杀以降秦。陈胜葬砀，谥曰隐王。陈王故涓人将军吕臣为仓头军，起新阳，攻陈下之，杀庄贾，复以陈为楚。初，陈王至陈，令铚人宋留将兵定南阳，入武关。留已徇南阳，闻陈王死，南阳复为秦。宋留不能入武关，乃东至新蔡，遇秦军，宋留以军降秦。秦传留至咸阳，车裂留以徇。秦嘉等闻陈王军破出走，乃立景驹为楚王，引兵之方与，欲击秦军定陶下。使公孙庆使齐王，欲与并力俱进。齐王曰：“闻陈王战败，不知其死生，楚安得不请而立王！”公孙庆曰：“齐不请楚而立王，楚何故请齐而立王！且楚首事，当令于天下。”田儋诛杀公孙庆。秦左右校复攻陈，下之。吕将军走，收兵复聚。鄱盗当阳君黥布之兵相收，复击秦左右校，破之青波，复以陈为楚。会项梁立怀王孙心为楚王。陈胜王凡六月。已为王，王陈。其故人尝与佣耕者闻之，之陈，扣宫门曰：“吾欲见涉。”宫门令欲缚之。自辩数，乃置，不肯为通。陈王出，遮道而唿涉。陈王闻之，乃召见，载与俱归。入宫，见殿屋帷帐，客曰：“伙颐！涉之为王沉沉者！”楚人谓多为伙，故天下传之，伙涉为王，由陈涉始。客出入愈益发舒，言陈王故情。或说陈王曰：“客愚无知，颛妄言，轻威。”陈王斩之。诸陈王故人皆自引去，由是无亲陈王者。陈王以朱房为中正，胡武为司过，主司群臣。诸将徇地，至，令之不是者，系而罪之，以苛察为忠。其所不善者，弗下吏，辄自治之。陈王信用之。诸将以其故不亲附，此其所以败也。陈胜虽已死，其所置遣侯王将相竟亡秦，由涉首事也。高祖时为陈涉置守頉三十家砀，至今血食。褚先生曰：地形险阻，所以为固也；兵革刑法，所以为治也。犹未足恃也。夫先王以仁义为本，而以固塞文法为枝叶，岂不然哉！吾闻贾生之称曰：“秦孝公据肴函之固，拥雍州之地，君臣固守，以窥周室，有席卷天下、包举宇内、囊括四海之意，并吞八荒之心。当是时也，商君佐之，内立法度，务耕织，修守战之具；外连衡而斗诸侯。于是秦人拱手而取西河之外。“孝公既没，惠文、武、昭襄蒙故业因遗策，南取汉中，西举巴蜀，东割膏腴之地，收要害之郡。诸侯恐惧，会盟而谋弱秦，不爱珍器、重宝、肥饶之地，以致天下之士，合从缔交，相与为一。当此之时，齐有孟尝，赵有平原，楚有春申，魏有信陵。此四君者，皆明智而忠信，宽厚而爱人，尊贤而重士，约从离横，兼韩、魏、燕、赵、宋、卫、中山之众。于是六国之士，有宁越、徐尚、苏秦、杜赫之属为之谋，齐明、周最、陈轸、召滑、楼缓、翟景、苏厉、乐毅之徒通其意，吴起、孙膑、带佗、倪良、王廖、田忌、廉颇、赵奢之伦制其兵。尝以十倍之地，百万之众，叩关而攻秦。秦人开关而延敌，九国之师逡巡遁逃而不敢进。秦无亡矢遗镞之费，而天下诸侯已困矣。于是从散约解，争割地以赂秦。秦有余力而制其弊，追亡逐北，伏尸百万，流血飘橹。因利乘便，宰割天下，分裂河山。强国请服，弱国入朝。“施及孝文王、庄襄王，享国之日浅，国家无事。“及至始皇，奋六世之余烈，振长策而御宇内，吞二周而亡诸侯，履至尊而制六合，执敲朴以鞭笞天下，威振四海。南取百越之地，以为桂林、象郡。百越之君，俯首系颈，委命下吏。乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱，却匈奴七百余里。胡人不敢南下而牧马，士不敢弯弓而报怨。于是废先王之道，燔百家之言，以愚黔首；隳名城，杀豪俊，收天下之兵聚之咸阳，销锋鍉，铸以为金人十二，以弱天下之民。然后践华为城，因河为池，据亿丈之城、临不测之溪以为固。良将劲驽，守要害之处；信臣精卒，陈利兵而谁何。天下已定，始皇之心，自以为关中之固，金城千里，子孙帝王万世之业也。“始皇既没，余威震于殊俗。 然陈涉瓮牖绳枢之子，氓隶之人，而迁徙之徒也；材能不及中人，非有仲尼、墨翟之贤，陶朱、猗顿之富。蹑足行伍之间，倔起阡陌之中，率罢散之卒，将数百之众，转而攻秦，斩木为兵，揭竿为旗，天下云集而响应，赢粮而景从。山东豪俊遂并起而亡秦族矣。“且夫天下非小弱也，雍州之地，肴函之固，自若也；陈涉之位，非尊于齐、楚、燕、赵、韩、魏、宋、卫、中山之君也；锄耰棘矜，不铦于钩戟长铩也；适戍之众，非抗于九国之师也；深谋远虑，行军用兵之道，非及向时之士也。然而成败异变，功业相反。试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大，比权量力，则不可同年而语矣。然秦以区区之地，致万乘之势，序八州而朝同列，百有余年矣。然后以六合为家，肴函为宫。一夫作难而七庙隳，身死人手，为天下笑者，何也？仁义不施而攻守之势异也。”【索隐述赞】天下匈匈，海内乏主，掎鹿争捷，瞻乌爰处。陈胜首事，厥号张楚。鬼怪是凭，鸿鹄自许。葛婴东下，周文西拒。始亲朱房，又任胡武。伙颐见杀，腹心不与。庄贾何人，反噬城父！古婵娟，苍鬟素靥，盈盈瞰流水。断魂十里。叹绀缕飘零，难系离思。故山岁晚谁堪寄。琅玕聊自倚。谩记我、绿蓑冲雪，孤舟寒浪里。三花两蕊破蒙茸，依依似有恨，明珠轻委。云卧稳，蓝衣正、护春憔悴。罗浮梦、半蟾挂晓，幺凤冷、山中人乍起。又唤取、玉奴归去，余香空翠被。

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.fu shi bai wan .liu xue piao lu .yin li cheng bian .zai ge tian xia .fen lie he shan .qiang guo qing fu .ruo guo ru chao ..shi ji xiao wen wang .zhuang xiang wang .xiang guo zhi ri qian .guo jia wu shi ..ji zhi shi huang .fen liu shi zhi yu lie .zhen chang ce er yu yu nei .tun er zhou er wang zhu hou .lv zhi zun er zhi liu he .zhi qiao pu yi bian chi tian xia .wei zhen si hai .nan qu bai yue zhi di .yi wei gui lin .xiang jun .bai yue zhi jun .fu shou xi jing .wei ming xia li .nai shi meng tian bei zhu chang cheng er shou fan li .que xiong nu qi bai yu li .hu ren bu gan nan xia er mu ma .shi bu gan wan gong er bao yuan .yu shi fei xian wang zhi dao .fan bai jia zhi yan .yi yu qian shou .hui ming cheng .sha hao jun .shou tian xia zhi bing ju zhi xian yang .xiao feng di .zhu yi wei jin ren shi er .yi ruo tian xia zhi min .ran hou jian hua wei cheng .yin he wei chi .ju yi zhang zhi cheng .lin bu ce zhi xi yi wei gu .liang jiang jin nu .shou yao hai zhi chu .xin chen jing zu .chen li bing er shui he .tian xia yi ding .shi huang zhi xin .zi yi wei guan zhong zhi gu .jin cheng qian li .zi sun di wang wan shi zhi ye ye ..shi huang ji mei .yu wei zhen yu shu su . ran chen she weng you sheng shu zhi zi .mang li zhi ren .er qian xi zhi tu ye .cai neng bu ji zhong ren .fei you zhong ni .mo di zhi xian .tao zhu .yi dun zhi fu .nie zu xing wu zhi jian .jue qi qian mo zhi zhong .lv ba san zhi zu .jiang shu bai zhi zhong .zhuan er gong qin .zhan mu wei bing .jie gan wei qi .tian xia yun ji er xiang ying .ying liang er jing cong .shan dong hao jun sui bing qi er wang qin zu yi ..qie fu tian xia fei xiao ruo ye .yong zhou zhi di .yao han zhi gu .zi ruo ye .chen she zhi wei .fei zun yu qi .chu .yan .zhao .han .wei .song .wei .zhong shan zhi jun ye .chu you ji jin .bu xian yu gou ji chang sha ye .shi shu zhi zhong .fei kang yu jiu guo zhi shi ye .shen mou yuan lv .xing jun yong bing zhi dao .fei ji xiang shi zhi shi ye .ran er cheng bai yi bian .gong ye xiang fan .shi shi shan dong zhi guo yu chen she du chang xie da .bi quan liang li .ze bu ke tong nian er yu yi .ran qin yi qu qu zhi di .zhi wan cheng zhi shi .xu ba zhou er chao tong lie .bai you yu nian yi .ran hou yi liu he wei jia .yao han wei gong .yi fu zuo nan er qi miao hui .shen si ren shou .wei tian xia xiao zhe .he ye .ren yi bu shi er gong shou zhi shi yi ye ...suo yin shu zan .tian xia xiong xiong .hai nei fa zhu .ji lu zheng jie .zhan wu yuan chu .chen sheng shou shi .jue hao zhang chu .gui guai shi ping .hong gu zi xu .ge ying dong xia .zhou wen xi ju .shi qin zhu fang .you ren hu wu .huo yi jian sha .fu xin bu yu .zhuang jia he ren .fan shi cheng fu .gu chan juan .cang huan su ye .ying ying kan liu shui .duan hun shi li .tan gan lv piao ling .nan xi li si .gu shan sui wan shui kan ji .lang gan liao zi yi .man ji wo .lv suo chong xue .gu zhou han lang li .san hua liang rui po meng rong .yi yi si you hen .ming zhu qing wei .yun wo wen .lan yi zheng .hu chun qiao cui .luo fu meng .ban chan gua xiao .yao feng leng .shan zhong ren zha qi .you huan qu .yu nu gui qu .yu xiang kong cui bei .

只能把相思之苦寄托在哀筝的(de)弦柱，独自弹出满心的愁苦。千里(li)的江南处处令我伤心，你的灵魂是否就近在眼前呢，你可以听见了我哀怨的词章如泣如诉？
⒀素衣：原指白色的衣服，这里用(yong)作代称。是诗人对自己的谦称（类似于“素士”）。草地中间画出棋枰对弈，树林一头升降汲水桔槔。
（62）宓妃：伏羲氏之女，洛水女神。　　古书上说，“奖赏时如有可疑者应该照样留在应赏之列(lie)，为的是推广恩泽；处罚时遇有可疑者则从应罚之列除去，”为的是谨慎地使用刑法。尧当政时，皋陶是掌管刑法的官。要处死一个人，皋陶三次(ci)说当杀，尧帝却一连三次说应当宽恕。所以天下人都害怕皋陶执法坚决，而赞美帝尧用刑宽大。四岳建议：“鲧可以任用。”尧说“不可！鲧违抗命令，毁谤同族。”过后，他还是说“试用一下吧。”为什么尧不听从皋陶处死犯人的主张，却听从四岳任用鲧的建议呢？那么圣人的心意(yi)，从这里可以看出来了。
32.冥搜：用尽心思搜索。冥：深。秋高气爽正好极目远望，我为您抱着病登上高台。
（55）隆：显赫。　　项脊轩，是过去的南阁楼。屋里只有一丈见方，可以容纳一个人居住。这座百年老屋，（屋顶墙上的）泥土从上边漏下来，积聚的流水一直往下流淌；我每次动书桌，环视四周没有可以安置桌案的地方。屋子又朝北，不能被阳光照到，白天过了中午（屋内）就已昏暗。我稍稍修(xiu)理了一下，使它不从上面漏土漏雨。在前面开了四扇窗子，在院子四周砌上围墙，用来挡住南面射来的日光，日光反射照耀，室内才明亮起来。我在庭院里随意地种上兰花、桂树、竹子等草木，往日的栏杆，也增加了新的光彩。家中的（这里不翻译成”借来的”）书摆满了书架，我仰头高声吟诵诗歌，有时又静静地独自端坐，自然界的万物皆有声音；庭院、台阶前静悄悄的，小鸟不时飞下来啄食，人走到它跟前也不离开。农历十五的夜晚，明月高悬，照亮半截墙壁，桂树的影(ying)子交杂错落，微风吹过影子摇动，可爱极了。
47、勤王：指臣下起兵救援王室。他们在肴饱之后仍旧坦然自得，酒醉之后神气益发骄横。
⑥ 避地：因逃避战争祸乱而移居他地。

　　中间三联由首联生发，写景抒情，寓情于景，情景交融，浑然一体。次联“颓墉寒雀集，荒堞晚乌惊”：衰败的城墙头，晚归的鸟雀、乌鸦聚集在一起悲鸣着，不时又阵阵惊起，“萧森灌木上，迢递孤烟生”。城下灌木丛的上空，升起袅袅炊烟。“霞景焕余照，露气澄晚清”：远处，高空的彩霞折射出夕阳的余照，原野的露气洗净了傍晚的昏暝，显得明媚一些。诗人内心的幽郁，似乎也得到一定的缓解。但一个“余”字，一个“晚”字，仍然抑郁着写景抒情的基调：“霞景”虽明艳，但毕竟是“余照”；“露气”虽清新，但毕竟是“晚清”。
　　“南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭”作者借诸葛亮的草庐，西蜀扬子云的玄亭作类比，引出自己的陋室，及人为自己的楷模，希望自己也能如同他们一样拥有高尚的德操，反映自己以古代贤人自况的思想，同时暗示了陋室不陋。实际上刘禹锡这样写还有另一层深意，即诸葛亮是闲居卧龙草庐以待明主出山。而扬雄呢？却是淡薄于功名富贵，潜心修学之士，虽官至上品，然他对于官职的起起落落与金钱的淡泊，却是后世的典范。作者引用此二人之意，他想表达的意思是：处变不惊、处危不屈、坚守节操、荣辱从容的意思。既不愿与世俗同流合污，又想逢明主一展抱负，若无明主，也甘于平淡的那种志向吧。这结合作者官场的起起落落，是比较符合实际情况的。
　　然而诗的抒情要凭借艺术形象，要讲究色调。从表面看，这首诗似乎不着一色，白描无华，是淡妆而非浓抹。其实它的造型自然，色彩鲜明，浓淡相宜。郁郁青松，悠悠白云，这青与白，这松与云，它的形象与色调恰和云山深处的隐者身份相符。而且未见隐者先见其画，青翠挺立中隐含无限生机；而后却见茫茫白云，深邃杳霭，捉摸无从，令人起秋水伊人无处可寻的浮想。从造型的递变，色调的先后中也映衬出作者感情的与物转移。
　　白居易《与元九书》说韦应物的诗“才丽之外，颇近兴讽”，正是就这类作品而言的。
　　与白居易的众多咏物诗一样，这首诗也蕴含深刻的寓意，或在感叹身世，或在哀怜同道，或指讽权贵阀阅，或存心帝王回顾，或在演绎诗人对人生的观察，或兼而有之。就诗歌自身的内容来看，它主要抒发一种对人们屈没贤材，争逐虚名的不满与愤慨，并劝谕执政者能明察贤愚，以使有志之士得效轮轴之材，肩负起治国的重任。这是一首哲理诗。枣树平凡鄙陋，其身多刺，其貌不扬。它生在繁花似锦的杏园中，更令游春之客鄙弃。诗人的价值观却与众不同，认为枣树虽然不如柳杞柔可绕指，不如桃李赏心悦目，但“君若作大车，轮轴材须此。”对以貌取人的做法提出了批评。
　　然而，诗人不仅在热烈的颂唱“二壮士”，同时也对校书天禄阁草《太玄经》的扬雄辈，无情地加以蔑视：“谁能书阁下，白首《太玄经》”是为壮夫所不为！
　　中间二联，即承接“独上江城满目秋”，着力描写诗人眼中的秋光。晚烟凄迷中，一只水鸟孤零零地落在僻静无人的沙洲上。秋雨淅淅沥沥，江面上稀落地飘零着几片帆影，驶向归途。萧瑟的晚风，把山麓层林的红叶吹得七零八落。暗淡的寒云密布低空，阴沉沉地似乎要把古城压垮。一句一景，犹如四幅画屏，物象虽不同，却同是淡墨素彩，集中反映了秋光的萧瑟，创造了一个寥落清冷的意境。