好个主人家。不问因由便去嗏。病得那人妆晃了，巴巴。系上裙儿稳也哪。别泪没些些。海誓山盟总是赊。今日新欢须记取，孩儿，更过十年也似他。天下之患，最不可为者，名为治平无事，而其实有不测之忧。坐观其变，而不为之所，则恐至于不可救；起而强为之，则天下狃于治平之安而不吾信。惟仁人君子豪杰之士，为能出身为天下犯大难，以求成大功；此固非勉强期月之间，而苟以求名之所能也。天下治平，无故而发大难之端；吾发之，吾能收之，然后有辞于天下。事至而循循焉欲去之，使他人任其责，则天下之祸，必集于我。昔者晁错尽忠为汉，谋弱山东之诸侯，山东诸侯并起，以诛错为名；而天子不以察，以错为之说。天下悲错之以忠而受祸，不知错有以取之也。古之立大事者，不惟有超世之才，亦必有坚忍不拔之志。昔禹之治水，凿龙门，决大河而放之海。方其功之未成也，盖亦有溃冒冲突可畏之患；惟能前知其当然，事至不惧，而徐为之图，是以得至于成功。夫以七国之强，而骤削之，其为变，岂足怪哉？错不于此时捐其身，为天下当大难之冲，而制吴楚之命，乃为自全之计，欲使天子自将而己居守。且夫发七国之难者，谁乎？己欲求其名，安所逃其患。以自将之至危，与居守至安；己为难首，择其至安，而遣天子以其至危，此忠臣义士所以愤怨而不平者也。当此之时，虽无袁盎，错亦未免于祸。何者？己欲居守，而使人主自将。以情而言，天子固已难之矣，而重违其议。是以袁盎之说，得行于其间。使吴楚反，错已身任其危，日夜淬砺，东向而待之，使不至于累其君，则天子将恃之以为无恐，虽有百盎，可得而间哉？嗟夫！世之君子，欲求非常之功，则无务为自全之计。使错自将而讨吴楚，未必无功，惟其欲自固其身，而天子不悦。奸臣得以乘其隙，错之所以自全者，乃其所以自祸欤！眇嘉乐，授灵爽。感若来，思如往。休气散，回风上。龙山行乐。何如今日登黄鹤。风光政要人酬酢。欲赋归来，莫是渊明错。 江山登览长如昨。飞鸿影里秋光薄。此怀祗有黄花览。牢裹乌纱，一任西风作。藏用四履，屈道三分。铿锵钟石，载纪鸿勋。鹜落霜洲，雁横烟渚，分明画出秋色。暮雨乍歇，小楫夜泊，宿苇村山驿。何人月下临风处，起一声羌笛。离愁万绪，闲岸草、切切蛩吟如织。为忆芳容别后，水遥山远，何计凭鳞翼。想绣阁深沉，争知憔悴损，天涯行客。楚峡云归，高阳人散，寂寞狂踪迹。望京国。空目断、远峰凝碧。行尽潇湘万里余，少逢知己忆吾庐。数间茅屋闲临水，一盏秋灯夜读书。地远何当随计吏，策成终自诣公车。剡中若问连州事，唯有千山画不如。陈胜者，阳城人也，字涉。吴广者，阳夏人也，字叔。陈涉少时，尝与人佣耕，辍耕之垄上，怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，无相忘。”佣者笑而应曰：“若为佣耕，何富贵也？”陈涉太息曰：“嗟乎！燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！”二世元年七月，发闾左谪戍渔阳，九百人屯大泽乡。陈胜﹑吴广皆次当行，为屯长。会天大雨，道不通，度已失期。失期，法皆斩。陈胜﹑吴广乃谋曰：“今亡亦死，举大计亦死；等死，死国可乎？”陈胜曰：“天下苦秦久矣。吾闻二世少子也，不当立，当立者乃公子扶苏。扶苏以数谏故，上使外将兵。今或闻无罪，二世杀之。百姓多闻其贤，未知其死也。项燕为楚将，数有功，爱士卒，楚人怜之。或以为死，或以为亡。今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏﹑项燕，为天下唱，宜多应者。”吴广以为然。乃行卜。卜者知其指意，曰：“足下事皆成，有功。然足下卜之鬼乎！”陈胜﹑吴广喜，念鬼，曰：“此教我先威众耳。”乃丹书帛曰“陈胜王”，置人所罾鱼腹中。卒买鱼烹食，得鱼腹中书，固以怪之矣。又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中，夜篝火，狐鸣唿曰：“大楚兴，陈胜王。”卒皆夜惊恐。旦日，卒中往往语，皆指目陈胜。吴广素爱人，士卒多为用者。将尉醉，广故数言欲亡，忿恚尉，令辱之，以激怒其众。尉果笞广。尉剑挺，广起，夺而杀尉。陈胜佐之，并杀两尉。召令徒属曰：“公等遇雨，皆已失期，失期当斩。藉第令毋斩，而戍死者固十六七。且壮士不死即已，死即举大名耳，王侯将相宁nìng有种乎！”徒属皆曰：“敬受命。”乃诈称公子扶苏﹑项燕，从民欲也。袒右，称大楚。为坛而盟，祭以尉首。陈胜自立为将军，吴广为都尉。攻大泽乡，收而攻蕲qí。蕲下，乃令符离人葛婴将兵徇蕲以东。攻铚、酂、苦、柘、谯皆下之。行收兵。比至陈，车六七百乘，骑千余，卒数万人。攻陈，陈守令皆不在，独守丞与战谯门中。弗胜，守丞死，乃入据陈。数日，号令召三老﹑豪杰与皆来会计事。三老﹑豪杰皆曰：“将军身被坚执锐，伐无道，诛暴秦，复立楚国之社稷jì，功宜为王。”陈涉乃立为王，号为张楚。当此时，诸郡县苦秦吏者，皆刑其长吏，杀之以应陈涉。乃以吴叔为假王，监诸将以西击荥阳。令陈人武臣、张耳、陈馀徇赵地，令汝阴人邓宗徇九江郡。当此时，楚兵数千人为聚者，不可胜数。葛婴至东城，立襄强为楚王。婴后闻陈王已立，因杀襄强，还报。至陈，陈王诛杀葛婴。陈王令魏人周市北徇魏地。吴广围荥阳。李由为三川守，守荥阳，吴叔弗能下。陈王征国之豪杰与计，以上蔡人房君蔡赐为上柱国。周文，陈之贤人也，尝为项燕军视日，事春申君，自言习兵，陈王与之将军印，西击秦。行收兵至关，车千乘，卒数十万，至戏，军焉。秦令少府章邯免郦山徒﹑人奴产子生，悉发以击楚大军，尽败之。周文败，走出关，止次曹阳二三月。章邯追败之，复走次渑池十余日。章邯击，大破之。周文自刭，军遂不战。武臣到邯郸，自立为赵王，陈馀为大将军，张耳、召骚为左右丞相。陈王怒，捕系武臣等家室，欲诛之。柱国曰：“秦未亡而诛赵王将相家属，此生一秦也。不如因而立之。”陈王乃遣使者贺赵，而徙系武臣等家属宫中，而封耳子张敖为成都君，趣赵兵，亟入关。赵王将相相与谋曰：“王王赵，非楚意也。楚已诛秦，必加兵于赵。计莫如毋西兵，使使北徇燕地以自广也。赵南据大河，北有燕、代，楚虽胜秦，不敢制赵。若楚不胜秦，必重赵。赵乘秦之弊，可以得志于天下。”赵王以为然，因不西兵，而遣故上谷卒史韩广将兵北徇燕地。燕故贵人豪杰谓韩广曰：“楚已立王，赵又已立王。燕虽小，亦万乘之国也，原将军立为燕王。”韩广曰：“广母在赵，不可。”燕人曰：“赵方西忧秦，南忧楚，其力不能禁我。且以楚之彊，不敢害赵王将相之家，赵独安敢害将军之家！”韩广以为然，乃自立为燕王。居数月，赵奉燕王母及家属归之燕。当此之时，诸将之徇地者，不可胜数。周市北徇地至狄，狄人田儋杀狄令，自立为齐王，以齐反击周市。市军散，还至魏地，欲立魏后故宁陵君咎为魏王。时咎在陈王所，不得之魏。魏地已定，欲相与立周市为魏王，周市不肯。使者五反，陈王乃立宁陵君咎为魏王，遣之国。周市卒为相。将军田臧等相与谋曰：“周章军已破矣，秦兵旦暮至，我围荥阳城弗能下，秦军至，必大败。不如少遗兵，足以守荥阳，悉精兵迎秦军。今假王骄，不知兵权，不可与计，非诛之，事恐败。”因相与矫王令以诛吴叔，献其首于陈王。陈王使使赐田臧楚令尹印，使为上将。田臧乃使诸将李归等守荥阳城，自以精兵西迎秦军于敖仓。与战，田臧死，军破。章邯进兵击李归等荥阳下，破之，李归等死。阳城人邓说将兵居郯，章邯别将击破之，邓说军散走陈。铚人伍徐将兵居许，章邯击破之，伍徐军皆散走陈。陈王诛邓说。陈王初立时，陵人秦嘉﹑铚人董譄﹑符离人朱鸡石﹑取虑人郑布﹑徐人丁疾等皆特起，将兵围东海守庆于郯。陈王闻，乃使武平君畔为将军，监郯下军。秦嘉不受命，嘉自立为大司马，恶属武平君。告军吏曰：“武平君年少，不知兵事，勿听！”因矫以王命杀武平君畔。章邯已破伍徐，击陈，柱国房君死。章邯又进兵击陈西张贺军。陈王出监战，军破，张贺死。腊月，陈王之汝阴，还至下城父，其御庄贾杀以降秦。陈胜葬砀，谥曰隐王。陈王故涓人将军吕臣为仓头军，起新阳，攻陈下之，杀庄贾，复以陈为楚。初，陈王至陈，令铚人宋留将兵定南阳，入武关。留已徇南阳，闻陈王死，南阳复为秦。宋留不能入武关，乃东至新蔡，遇秦军，宋留以军降秦。秦传留至咸阳，车裂留以徇。秦嘉等闻陈王军破出走，乃立景驹为楚王，引兵之方与，欲击秦军定陶下。使公孙庆使齐王，欲与并力俱进。齐王曰：“闻陈王战败，不知其死生，楚安得不请而立王！”公孙庆曰：“齐不请楚而立王，楚何故请齐而立王！且楚首事，当令于天下。”田儋诛杀公孙庆。秦左右校复攻陈，下之。吕将军走，收兵复聚。鄱盗当阳君黥布之兵相收，复击秦左右校，破之青波，复以陈为楚。会项梁立怀王孙心为楚王。陈胜王凡六月。已为王，王陈。其故人尝与佣耕者闻之，之陈，扣宫门曰：“吾欲见涉。”宫门令欲缚之。自辩数，乃置，不肯为通。陈王出，遮道而唿涉。陈王闻之，乃召见，载与俱归。入宫，见殿屋帷帐，客曰：“伙颐！涉之为王沉沉者！”楚人谓多为伙，故天下传之，伙涉为王，由陈涉始。客出入愈益发舒，言陈王故情。或说陈王曰：“客愚无知，颛妄言，轻威。”陈王斩之。诸陈王故人皆自引去，由是无亲陈王者。陈王以朱房为中正，胡武为司过，主司群臣。诸将徇地，至，令之不是者，系而罪之，以苛察为忠。其所不善者，弗下吏，辄自治之。陈王信用之。诸将以其故不亲附，此其所以败也。陈胜虽已死，其所置遣侯王将相竟亡秦，由涉首事也。高祖时为陈涉置守頉三十家砀，至今血食。褚先生曰：地形险阻，所以为固也；兵革刑法，所以为治也。犹未足恃也。夫先王以仁义为本，而以固塞文法为枝叶，岂不然哉！吾闻贾生之称曰：“秦孝公据肴函之固，拥雍州之地，君臣固守，以窥周室，有席卷天下、包举宇内、囊括四海之意，并吞八荒之心。当是时也，商君佐之，内立法度，务耕织，修守战之具；外连衡而斗诸侯。于是秦人拱手而取西河之外。“孝公既没，惠文、武、昭襄蒙故业因遗策，南取汉中，西举巴蜀，东割膏腴之地，收要害之郡。诸侯恐惧，会盟而谋弱秦，不爱珍器、重宝、肥饶之地，以致天下之士，合从缔交，相与为一。当此之时，齐有孟尝，赵有平原，楚有春申，魏有信陵。此四君者，皆明智而忠信，宽厚而爱人，尊贤而重士，约从离横，兼韩、魏、燕、赵、宋、卫、中山之众。于是六国之士，有宁越、徐尚、苏秦、杜赫之属为之谋，齐明、周最、陈轸、召滑、楼缓、翟景、苏厉、乐毅之徒通其意，吴起、孙膑、带佗、倪良、王廖、田忌、廉颇、赵奢之伦制其兵。尝以十倍之地，百万之众，叩关而攻秦。秦人开关而延敌，九国之师逡巡遁逃而不敢进。秦无亡矢遗镞之费，而天下诸侯已困矣。于是从散约解，争割地以赂秦。秦有余力而制其弊，追亡逐北，伏尸百万，流血飘橹。因利乘便，宰割天下，分裂河山。强国请服，弱国入朝。“施及孝文王、庄襄王，享国之日浅，国家无事。“及至始皇，奋六世之余烈，振长策而御宇内，吞二周而亡诸侯，履至尊而制六合，执敲朴以鞭笞天下，威振四海。南取百越之地，以为桂林、象郡。百越之君，俯首系颈，委命下吏。乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱，却匈奴七百余里。胡人不敢南下而牧马，士不敢弯弓而报怨。于是废先王之道，燔百家之言，以愚黔首；隳名城，杀豪俊，收天下之兵聚之咸阳，销锋鍉，铸以为金人十二，以弱天下之民。然后践华为城，因河为池，据亿丈之城、临不测之溪以为固。良将劲驽，守要害之处；信臣精卒，陈利兵而谁何。天下已定，始皇之心，自以为关中之固，金城千里，子孙帝王万世之业也。“始皇既没，余威震于殊俗。 然陈涉瓮牖绳枢之子，氓隶之人，而迁徙之徒也；材能不及中人，非有仲尼、墨翟之贤，陶朱、猗顿之富。蹑足行伍之间，倔起阡陌之中，率罢散之卒，将数百之众，转而攻秦，斩木为兵，揭竿为旗，天下云集而响应，赢粮而景从。山东豪俊遂并起而亡秦族矣。“且夫天下非小弱也，雍州之地，肴函之固，自若也；陈涉之位，非尊于齐、楚、燕、赵、韩、魏、宋、卫、中山之君也；锄耰棘矜，不铦于钩戟长铩也；适戍之众，非抗于九国之师也；深谋远虑，行军用兵之道，非及向时之士也。然而成败异变，功业相反。试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大，比权量力，则不可同年而语矣。然秦以区区之地，致万乘之势，序八州而朝同列，百有余年矣。然后以六合为家，肴函为宫。一夫作难而七庙隳，身死人手，为天下笑者，何也？仁义不施而攻守之势异也。”【索隐述赞】天下匈匈，海内乏主，掎鹿争捷，瞻乌爰处。陈胜首事，厥号张楚。鬼怪是凭，鸿鹄自许。葛婴东下，周文西拒。始亲朱房，又任胡武。伙颐见杀，腹心不与。庄贾何人，反噬城父！

hao ge zhu ren jia .bu wen yin you bian qu cha .bing de na ren zhuang huang liao .ba ba .xi shang qun er wen ye na .bie lei mei xie xie .hai shi shan meng zong shi she .jin ri xin huan xu ji qu .hai er .geng guo shi nian ye si ta .tian xia zhi huan .zui bu ke wei zhe .ming wei zhi ping wu shi .er qi shi you bu ce zhi you .zuo guan qi bian .er bu wei zhi suo .ze kong zhi yu bu ke jiu .qi er qiang wei zhi .ze tian xia niu yu zhi ping zhi an er bu wu xin .wei ren ren jun zi hao jie zhi shi .wei neng chu shen wei tian xia fan da nan .yi qiu cheng da gong .ci gu fei mian qiang qi yue zhi jian .er gou yi qiu ming zhi suo neng ye .tian xia zhi ping .wu gu er fa da nan zhi duan .wu fa zhi .wu neng shou zhi .ran hou you ci yu tian xia .shi zhi er xun xun yan yu qu zhi .shi ta ren ren qi ze .ze tian xia zhi huo .bi ji yu wo .xi zhe chao cuo jin zhong wei han .mou ruo shan dong zhi zhu hou .shan dong zhu hou bing qi .yi zhu cuo wei ming .er tian zi bu yi cha .yi cuo wei zhi shuo .tian xia bei cuo 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yu mou yue ..wang wang zhao .fei chu yi ye .chu yi zhu qin .bi jia bing yu zhao .ji mo ru wu xi bing .shi shi bei xun yan di yi zi guang ye .zhao nan ju da he .bei you yan .dai .chu sui sheng qin .bu gan zhi zhao .ruo chu bu sheng qin .bi zhong zhao .zhao cheng qin zhi bi .ke yi de zhi yu tian xia ..zhao wang yi wei ran .yin bu xi bing .er qian gu shang gu zu shi han guang jiang bing bei xun yan di .yan gu gui ren hao jie wei han guang yue ..chu yi li wang .zhao you yi li wang .yan sui xiao .yi wan cheng zhi guo ye .yuan jiang jun li wei yan wang ..han guang yue ..guang mu zai zhao .bu ke ..yan ren yue ..zhao fang xi you qin .nan you chu .qi li bu neng jin wo .qie yi chu zhi jiang .bu gan hai zhao wang jiang xiang zhi jia .zhao du an gan hai jiang jun zhi jia ..han guang yi wei ran .nai zi li wei yan wang .ju shu yue .zhao feng yan wang mu ji jia shu gui zhi yan .dang ci zhi shi .zhu jiang zhi xun di zhe .bu ke sheng shu .zhou shi bei xun di zhi di .di ren tian dan sha di ling .zi li 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.qi gu ren chang yu yong geng zhe wen zhi .zhi chen .kou gong men yue ..wu yu jian she ..gong men ling yu fu zhi .zi bian shu .nai zhi .bu ken wei tong .chen wang chu .zhe dao er hu she .chen wang wen zhi .nai zhao jian .zai yu ju gui .ru gong .jian dian wu wei zhang .ke yue ..huo yi .she zhi wei wang chen chen zhe ..chu ren wei duo wei huo .gu tian xia chuan zhi .huo she wei wang .you chen she shi .ke chu ru yu yi fa shu .yan chen wang gu qing .huo shuo chen wang yue ..ke yu wu zhi .zhuan wang yan .qing wei ..chen wang zhan zhi .zhu chen wang gu ren jie zi yin qu .you shi wu qin chen wang zhe .chen wang yi zhu fang wei zhong zheng .hu wu wei si guo .zhu si qun chen .zhu jiang xun di .zhi .ling zhi bu shi zhe .xi er zui zhi .yi ke cha wei zhong .qi suo bu shan zhe .fu xia li .zhe zi zhi zhi .chen wang xin yong zhi .zhu jiang yi qi gu bu qin fu .ci qi suo yi bai ye .chen sheng sui yi si .qi suo zhi qian hou wang jiang xiang jing wang qin .you she shou shi ye .gao zu shi wei chen she zhi 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er wang zhu hou .lv zhi zun er zhi liu he .zhi qiao pu yi bian chi tian xia .wei zhen si hai .nan qu bai yue zhi di .yi wei gui lin .xiang jun .bai yue zhi jun .fu shou xi jing .wei ming xia li .nai shi meng tian bei zhu chang cheng er shou fan li .que xiong nu qi bai yu li .hu ren bu gan nan xia er mu ma .shi bu gan wan gong er bao yuan .yu shi fei xian wang zhi dao .fan bai jia zhi yan .yi yu qian shou .hui ming cheng .sha hao jun .shou tian xia zhi bing ju zhi xian yang .xiao feng di .zhu yi wei jin ren shi er .yi ruo tian xia zhi min .ran hou jian hua wei cheng .yin he wei chi .ju yi zhang zhi cheng .lin bu ce zhi xi yi wei gu .liang jiang jin nu .shou yao hai zhi chu .xin chen jing zu .chen li bing er shui he .tian xia yi ding .shi huang zhi xin .zi yi wei guan zhong zhi gu .jin cheng qian li .zi sun di wang wan shi zhi ye ye ..shi huang ji mei .yu wei zhen yu shu su . ran chen she weng you sheng shu zhi zi .mang li zhi ren .er qian xi zhi tu ye .cai neng bu ji zhong ren .fei you zhong ni .mo di zhi xian .tao zhu .yi dun zhi fu .nie zu xing wu zhi jian .jue qi qian mo zhi zhong .lv ba san zhi zu .jiang shu bai zhi zhong .zhuan er gong qin .zhan mu wei bing .jie gan wei qi .tian xia yun ji er xiang ying .ying liang er jing cong .shan dong hao jun sui bing qi er wang qin zu yi ..qie fu tian xia fei xiao ruo ye .yong zhou zhi di .yao han zhi gu .zi ruo ye .chen she zhi wei .fei zun yu qi .chu .yan .zhao .han .wei .song .wei .zhong shan zhi jun ye .chu you ji jin .bu xian yu gou ji chang sha ye .shi shu zhi zhong .fei kang yu jiu guo zhi shi ye .shen mou yuan lv .xing jun yong bing zhi dao .fei ji xiang shi zhi shi ye .ran er cheng bai yi bian .gong ye xiang fan .shi shi shan dong zhi guo yu chen she du chang xie da .bi quan liang li .ze bu ke tong nian er yu yi .ran qin yi qu qu zhi di .zhi wan cheng zhi shi .xu ba zhou er chao tong lie .bai you yu nian yi .ran hou yi liu he wei jia .yao han wei gong .yi fu zuo nan er qi miao hui .shen si ren shou .wei tian xia xiao zhe .he ye .ren yi bu shi er gong shou zhi shi yi ye ...suo yin shu zan .tian xia xiong xiong .hai nei fa zhu .ji lu zheng jie .zhan wu yuan chu .chen sheng shou shi .jue hao zhang chu .gui guai shi ping .hong gu zi xu .ge ying dong xia .zhou wen xi ju .shi qin zhu fang .you ren hu wu .huo yi jian sha .fu xin bu yu .zhuang jia he ren .fan shi cheng fu .

　　儿子啊，你为赵王，而你的母亲却成了奴隶。整日舂米一直到日落西山，还经常有死的危险。与你相离三千里，应当让谁去给你送信，告知你呢？
⑵幽兰露：兰花上凝结着露珠。饯别的酒宴前，莫再演唱新的一阕，清歌一曲，已让人愁肠寸寸郁结。啊，此时只需要把满城牡丹看尽，你与我同游相携，这样才会(hui)——少些滞重的伤感，淡然无憾地与归去的春风辞别。
15.夫（fú）：句首语气词，可以不译，也可以译作那 那鹓鶵。　　长叹(tan)息你们这些君子，莫贪图安逸碌碌无为。应恭谨(jin)从事忠于职守，与正直之士亲近伴随。神灵就会听到这一切，从而赐你们洪福祥瑞。
　　5.着：放。伤心望见颍河，已经伴随着白鸥远去。欣喜之余遇三少年，都是难得的贤才。再远的地方也不难到达，也不要把这些不羁之才遣回。临别时再三相告，但愿你以笏记下。
(23)陈：国都宛丘，在今河南淮阳。只见河边有鸿雁，秋天到来往南飞。
4.慧空禅院：寺院名。庐冢（zhǒng）：古时为了表示孝敬父母或尊敬师长，在他们死后的服(fu)丧期间，为守护坟墓而盖的屋舍，也称“庐墓”。这里指慧褒弟子在慧褒墓旁盖的屋舍。庐：屋舍。（一说指慧褒生前的屋舍。)冢：坟墓。禅院：佛寺。您是刚从我们家乡来的，一定了解家乡的人情(qing)世态。
⑴五松山：在今安徽省铜陵市南。媪（ǎo）：老妇人。相伴到田里送饭食，男人劳作在南山冈。
⑴幽州：古十二州之一，现今北京市。幽州台：即黄金台，又称蓟北楼，故址在今北京市大兴，是燕昭王为招纳天下贤士而建。刚刚离别一天就想你了，只看到江水碧绿，平添愁绪。
16.余：我这里四面环山，如坐(zuo)盆中，难见太阳，草木自(zi)生自长，苍然一片。
（37）逾——越，经过。秋色里，响(xiang)亮军号震天动地；黑夜间战士鲜血凝成暗紫。
⑷诗情：作诗的情绪、兴致。碧霄：青天。

　　项羽、刘邦当初并不是什么大人物，不过都是有野心的人。照司马迁的记载，他俩都见过秦始皇。项羽见了说：“彼可取而代也！”刘邦见了说：“大丈夫当如此也！”虽然一个藐视，一个艳羡，目标却都是自己想当皇帝。后来果然为了天下，龙争虎斗，打得个昏天黑地，野心得遂，小人物也就进入了“大人物”的圈子。在这场争夺中，刘邦胜了，项羽败了。在以成败论英雄的中国，自然会为胜者送上无量赞歌，对失败者则大抵少有好话，能像司马迁那样把项羽列入《本纪》，还有不少赞许之辞，就算很不容易了。王象春从功业的成就来观察，以为刘邦能去秦苛法，约法三章，如天降甘霖，深得民心，可谓真龙；项羽勇可称虎，但入关后只知掮枪绰棒、纵火劫掠，不懂收拾人心，只是一介莽夫，终较刘邦逊色。
　　对李夫人兄弟和稚子伤悼李夫人的哀恸场景进行描写，极富人情味。从中不难发现汉武帝虽为一代雄主，亦有普通人真挚感情的一面。
　　这首诗也是陶诗艺术风格的一个典范代表。它除了具有陶诗的一般特色之外，更富于理趣，诗句更流畅，语气更自然，情貌更亲切。
　　“君为女萝草，妾作冤丝花”。古人常以“菟丝”、“女萝”比喻新婚夫妇，优美贴切，因而传诵千古 。冤丝花为曼生植物，柔弱，茎细长略带黄色，常常缠绕在其他植物之上；女萝草为地衣类植物，有很多细枝。诗人以“菟丝花”比作妻妾，又以「女萝草」比喻夫君，意谓新婚以后，妻妾希望依附夫君，让彼此关系缠绵缱倦、永结同心。即所谓“百丈托远松，缠绵成一家”。
　　这是一篇长诗。全诗结构严密，层次清晰，前后呼应。通篇运用对比和暗喻，由现实的人间，而虚幻的星空，展开东方人民遭受沉痛压榨的困苦图景和诗人忧愤抗争的激情。思路递进而奇崛，意蕴丰富而深厚。
　　末二句，“未知何岁月，得与尔同归”，紧扣归雁，进一层抒发内心的悲愤与痛悔。雁在北方安家落户，因此，古人称北飞的雁为归雁。诗人此时身处南地，凝望那阵阵北归的群雁，思乡之情油然而生：不知什么时候，我才能和你们这些自由的大雁同返家园？古时北方人不适应南方的湿热气候，被贬谪南地的人往往凶多吉少，加之路途遥远艰辛，更是生死难料。诗人那绝望、负罪的悔恨，都交织在这末二句上了。