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qi chang wan shi xun ming .bian yu guo wu qiong chui ling ming .si qing shan liu shui .su chuan xian xiang .huang hua wan jie .wei guo yuan chen .wu wei mang han .liu fu se zheng .hui ying lao ren nan ji xing .cang sheng fu .kai ba huang shou yu .yi qi hong jun .ping sheng si hai lu dong jia .mao jing shui neng li you jia .shi wen li ge tan gou qu .he ru yan qu chang shan cha .guang ping si tie shi you hao .he nei wen zhen xi geng kua .wei you zhe xian kan tong yin .shi jian jia chu le wu ya .ba ji ao zhu qing .si ming long lie fei .chang geng leng you mang .wen qu dan wu qi .chang chun yue yue yu mei gui .fan jin xuan tang zi xi zai .que yu hua kai wu zao ci .lao qin han shi yi qian lai .yin jiang jin suo suo .lian yong yu gou gou ...bei meng suo yan .yun .ban yu liao guo chu .gui yun ding zhan qin .tao hua zheng nong nuan .zheng bu lang mi ren .bi bo zhong fan li cheng zhou .ti jiu zan hua .le yi wang you .dang dang you you .dian qiu jiang bai lu sha ou .ji zhao bu guo huang lu an bai ping du kou .qie wan zai lv yang di hong liao tan tou .zui shi fang xiu .xing shi fu tou .ao sha ren jian .bo zi gong hou .xiang ren sheng qi shi you xi .bai sui guang yin .xian guo liao san shi .qi shi nian jian .shi sui wan tong .shi zai wang lei .wu shi sui chu fen zhou hei .gang fen de yi ban er bai ri .feng yu xiang cui .tu zou wu fei .zi xi chen yin .du bu ru kuai huo liao bian yi .nu geng bi zhi sheng ya .men qian zai liu .yuan hou sang ma .you ke lai .ji qing quan .zi zhu cha ya .zhi zi qian he li fa .shan qi ruan ruo xian da .shou zhuo xie shi shan lin jia .wu shi wu fei .wen shen me fu gui rong hua .sha san ban ge lai cha .liang tui qing ni .zhi wei lao xia .tai gong zhuang shang .yang liu yin zhong .ke po xi gua .xiao er ge xi xian la ta .lu zhou shang yan zhuo ge pi pa .kan qiao mai kai hua .lv dou sheng ya .wu shi wu fei .kuai huo sha zhuang jia .hai tang qia xi yuan jin shu hua kai .bian shi chun man dong feng .yan zi lou tai .ji chu men qiang .shui jia tao li .zi fen chen ai .ji yin zhu hong zhuang ye lai .dong fang shen yan ying xian zhai .zui yan yin bei .lin xia feng liu .hai shang peng lai .bai lian ying heng tang yan liu feng pu .zi yi zhong xian jia .yu xue ji fu .jing xi yan ai .qing yao yu shan .qiong li bing hu .you cai shi ye xi yue nv .pa hong qun bu cheng qing shu .xiang dong shi qu .ou lu tong meng .yun shui shen ju .dan gui shuo qiu ying mei wu chang e .gong jin su ru lai .shi xian wei mo .yue xia you cong .huai nan sheng yun .zhao yin shui he .guan yin wei qing xiang tai duo .zhe xie shi xue wo po suo .zong lan yan a .fu jie gao ge .shi dao wu he .hong mei zhui bing hen shu dian yan zhi .mo cai zuo ren jian .fan xing ku zhi .tian zhu dan cheng .shan cha qian ran .zhao ying can cha .gong yi zhu jia ren kan shi .suo rao ta feng yun xie er .mai mai qi zi .ying jie chi weng .jian shang yan chi .cheng bei zhai jiang lai you dai wu suan .xiu gu qing wen .yan se shen huang .xian shou jia ren .yong bing dao po chu gan rang .bo lian yan yi zhen yu jiang .yang tuan luan ya cheng jin shang .jiu ru shi chang .zui meng xing lai .chi jia you xiang .yong bie li ren yi shui qiao dong .wan li xiang si .ji du zheng hong .yin dou qi liang .di liu liu ye luo qiu feng .dan he yan yuan yang zhang zhong .ji wen cun yun yu wu zong .ye ban qin kong .xiang xiang yuan jia .meng li xiang feng .ji xiang feng er ba fang hua .xin shi nian lai .fu yu pi pa .mi yue shen qing .bian ru meng li .chun jing pan hua .kong ren di hu ling xiao shua .lie xin chang zuo nong nan na .dao liao pian zan .dao di kui ta .bu xin qing za .wang liao ren na .li hua tan nan chao liu dai qing wei .jie qi lin chun .jin yi cheng hui .wei you tai cheng .gua can yang shui rao shan wei .yan zhi jing jin ling cao qi .hou ting kong yu shu hua fei .yan wu ying ti .wang xie tang qian .dai de chun gui .xiao e fan wang gong shen suo jiao e .yi qu li jia .bai er shan he .yang di huang yin .le tao tao feng wu luan ge .qiong hua zhan chun sheng hua ge .jin fan fei bing dong gan ge .she ji xiao mo .bian shui dong liu .qian zhang hong bo .yang fei yu huan zha chu lan tang .wu an pan zhong .yi qu ni shang .jie gu sheng cui .nao gai gai shi ma yu yang .wu tong yu diao ling liao hai tang .li zhi chen mai mei liao xiang nang .tong sha ming huang .shu dao jian xin .tang shi huang liang .xi shi jian gu su bai chi gao tai .tan kan xi shi .xing lian tao sai .yue an qian tang .bu di fang yue guo bing lai .wu wang zhong can yang mu ai .wu yuan fen lao shu cang tai .fan li xian zai .she ji gong cheng .yan shui chuan kai .lv zhu hou tang shen cui jin zhong zhong .lv ruan hong jiao .liu zhu chun feng .wan jie qing yuan .xiang ren sheng le shi nan zhong .bao jian po xiang xiao yu rong .feng lou kong jiu leng jin zhong .jin gu cheng kong .guo liao fan hua .luo shui liu dong .xiao qing mu yun zhe ye si shan cheng .du kou feng lai .yi ye fan qing .su yan jing fei .leng qing qing bai wei han ting .wu jiang kuo cheng bo wan qing .chu tian yao ming yue san geng .jin dou su qing .yi shou xin shi .wan gu li qing .wu e xiang wu shan xian zi feng liu .bu nian xiang wang .duo bing duo chou .meng duan yang tai .leng qing qing yu dian zhu lou .hui mu yu deng hun lv you .wang chao yun lian juan jin gou .li hen you you .jiu yue xin meng .wang shi nan chou .shang nv shui long yan ming yue long sha .xi li qiu feng .geng yan ming jia .men yi peng chuang .dong jiang tian liang an lu hua .fei wu niao qing shan luo xia .su yuan yang jin lang tao sha .yi qu pi pa .lei shi qing shan .hen man tian ya .luo yang huai gu he nan du juan sheng ti po nan ke .hen liu jin fan hua .luo shui han bo .jin gu hua fei .tian jin lao shu .ji bei xiao mo .xiang si ma jia er wen ta .zen zhi jiao jing ji tong tuo .lao zi po suo .fang zhuo xing wo .bu zui ru he .yi men huai gu bian liang xiang zou mei qian gu cai ming .jue yuan wen ci .qi ya xi jing .bian shui yan bo .sui di kun liu .wang gong chun zheng .qia gu ban sheng zhong tai ping .zhe gu ti jing po qing cheng .he yue dan qing .lin tiao ku rong .tao ye jin chen .xian yang huai gu jing zhao dui guan he jin gu cang mang .shen yi xiao li shan .yi ju a fang .zhu bo yan xiao .feng qu ri yue .meng mei sui tang .kuai xun chen wang jia zui xiang .jian zhong nan jie jing xiu mang .mao yu song chuang .jin ke qi chi .da hao chang yang .ye xia huai gu zhang de xiao zheng yi fu li bei yin .cai ding zu gong cheng .tong jue chun shen .ruan dong ge can .wu chou meng duan .ming yue xi chen .suan zhi you han jia zhou jin .dui jia shan hui ying lai jin .qiao mu kong lin .ji du xi feng .han kai deng lin .ying chuan huai gu ying zhou xiao han dan qi huo nan ju .si wei wo gong cheng .shen tui shui yu .ying shui dong liu .song yue xi qu .lin tiao chou chu .ji you huan san chuan gu du .jin long men feng wu he ru .wu ai wu lu .yu qian lin quan .na xia qiao yu .ru nan huai gu cai zhou .jin ru ning ji yuan rong hui qu qi xun .bei xue e chi .jing dao luo jun .shui za sheng chen .wu duan shi gu .ji du bing chen .you ke zi jing guo ru fen .wang fei lai liao hai chou yun .yan ran xi hun .yi bian you xuan .yin duan lan sheng .guang ling huai gu yang zhou dui ping shan lan fu wu cheng .xiao dou kou zhi tou .re zhu ge xing .feng diao cai qing .qing lou yi meng .du mu san sheng .geng shui kan qiao bian yue ming .shi shui liu hua li fei qiong .yu wen cheng ping .niu li bin peng .huai duan jiang sheng .jing kou huai gu zhen jiang dao nan zhai qi shi lou sang .he xu ying xiong .jing dao sun lang .han ding cai fen .liu yan jin song .dan zhi xiao liang .zhao dai che shu si fang .bei ming yu fu hai tun jiang .lin tiao cang mang .zui yi ge huan .yin duan han chuang .wu men huai gu ping jiang yi xi yang mi lu huang tai .dui ping chu jiang kong .lao shu cang ya .ji zi feng gao .lv men chen ji .fu shi xing huai .shui zhong xia wu gong huo tai .zhu luo shan hua niao fei lai .fu jie ying cai .qing guo jia ren .ji du chen ai .qian tang huai gu hang zhou wen qian tang jia li shui bian .qie mo shuo shi jia .bai fu po xian .sheng hui hua yan .jiang chao gu chui .tian zhu yun yan .na liu wai qing lou hua chuan .zai xi hu su xiao men qian .ge wu liu lian .qi yue tun wu .fu yu wang yan .jin ling huai gu jian kang ji dang nian liu dai hao kua .shen jiang ling gui lai .yu shu wu hua .shang nv ge sheng .tai cheng chang wang .huai shui yan sha .wen jiang zuo feng liu gu jia .dan xi yang shuai cao han ya .yin ying can xia .liao luo gui fan .wu yan ming jia .xuan cheng huai gu ning guo dui jiang shan yin duan gao zhai .xiang jia di ming yuan .tang di hua kai .xiao meng ge zhong .gao cheng cao mu .fei zhao huang tai .kuai chui jin ling feng mu ai .deng ma gu kong cui fei lai .miao miao yu huai .tian dan yun xian .wan shi fu ai .xun yang huai gu jiang zhou xiao yuan gui chen wan qing tan .bian jin zi feng liu .yong shi he kan .tao xie xun han .xiang xiao lian she .chan yue shui can .pi pa leng jiang kong yue can .lei hen yan si ma qing shan .nao luan yun kan .wo yu xun lin .jie ge mao an .wu chang huai gu jiu e zhou wen huang he jing dong bai ou .shen ying wu neng yan .mai hen fang zhou .sui wan jiang kong .yun fei feng qi .xing man qing qiu .you yue nv wu ji chu jiu .mo xu fu lao zi nan lou .shen shi xu zhou .qian zai you you .yi xiao xiu xiu .jiang ling huai gu gu jing zhou kai xing cha liang du nan you .xiang shen nv chao yun .song yu qing qiu .han wei ming liu .lin feng chui di .zuo fu deng lou .shui xue xia gong yao zhong liu .you tian xie mei dai xin chou .yu fu hui zhou .ying xiao xiang lei .bu jin zao qiu .chang sha huai gu tan zhou chao ying zhou mu yi hu bin .xiang heng lu xun shi .xiang shui xun chun .ze guo ren lan .ting zhou qian ruo .shui yu zhao hun .kong mu duan cang wu mu yun .an huang ling bao se ning chen .shi tai fen fen .qian gu chang sha .ji du ci chen .xiang yang huai gu lu men shan jin hao you qi .qie ting shen qun er .zheng chang tong di .fu jie huai yu .ping sheng chuan bi .xu yue shu chi .shui zui zhuo hua jian jie li .geng shui jia ri mu xi chi .han kai xing shuai .yu wen sha ou .zheng zi wang ji .ji shan gan huai chao you hou yin zhe shui he .shi qu zhi gao ren .que ye wu duo .yu fu yan ling .nong fu tao ling .jin hui po suo .wu liu zhuang ci ou wa bo .qi li tan yu li yan suo .hao chu ru he .san jing qiu xiang .wan gu cang bo .yang zhou wang you cheng xi shang ji shi jiang cheng ge chui feng liu .yu guo ping shan .yue man xi lou .ji xu hua nian .san sheng zui meng .liu yue liang qiu .an jin se jia ren quan jiu .juan zhu lian qi an liang zhou .ke qu huan liu .yun shu xiao xiao .he han you you .guang shuai jian bie xi shang .zeng ge zhe jiang yun wen jiang yun he chu fei lai .quan bu si xun chang .wu xie ge tai .ming hai xing cha .qing qiu yue ku .liu shui tian tai .zhun bei xia xin chou song ke .qiang jiao ta mei dai shu kai .chu chu li huai .xiang dong luo ru .meng rao jin cha .han shi xin ye dao zhong liu meng yan li xue can cha .quan fei chai jing .yan yu mao ci .lao wa pen bian .tian jia weng ao .bin fa ru si .sang zhe wai qiu qian nv er .ji shuang ya xie cha hua zhi .zhuan mian yi shi .ying tan xing ren .ma shang o shi .yun tai zui gui hao ling gong pan yun tai .ri luo qin chuan .ban zui gui lai .gu dao xi feng .huang cong xi shui .lao shu cang tai .wan gu tong guan guo ke .jin qing kuang de si shu zhai .cui bi dan ya .ti ba xin shi .yu jing lian kai .zui zeng le fu zhu lian xiu xi xing zhou shui qian qing qing .ai lin xia feng zi .yun wai ge sheng .bao ji dui yun .bing xian san yu .zong shi cai qing .qia lv shu nan xun wan qing .xian xie er xiu sha ti ying .rong san you ting .chu diao jiang cheng .zui meng chu xing .zeng ge zhe hui lian liu shi wen he ren shu hui fang zhou .bian chun man ci lin .xiang man ge lou .wan shan wei feng .luo qun xian yue .zuo nong xin qiu .hao ke he feng liu tai shou .zen sheng ban yu shu wei zhou .zun jiu chi liu .zui mo wu si .dang de chan tou .zeng ge zhe liu shi bai sha cui zhu chai men .mi jie chu jia .yi dai huang hun .lin xia qiong zhi .deng qian jin lv .man yi fang zun .shui ren di jiao ren duan hun .shi dong feng chui duo xing yun .bao ye luo qun .qian xiao qing pin .bu wang liu chun .yang di dao zhong tian jia ji shi ying chuan nan wang xiang cheng .xie hou tian jia .chun man chai jing .weng ao zhen chun .bei pan luo lie .jin yi jiang ying .si ji quan qiao yu wu ling .bei dong jun hua chu sheng ping .tao li xin rong .lan hui fang xin .lin ye gao qing .meng jiang zhou zhong zhi yu yu fei fei hua fang ting ting .shui huan qi jiang fei .jing dong shan ling .wan he qian yan .kong meng wu zhang .yan ying yun ping .xiang cai shi gu cha ke xing .dai wen cun hu hai piao ling .qie xiang nan ming .ying xiao xu ming .bu fu ping sheng .liu yue wang xi hu ye gui kan xi hu xiu bi shui he .cai shuo dao xi shi .bian si liao dong po .bao se ming quan .yan huan cui ling .yu jing qing bo .shu shi chu fu rong hua ge .dui san shan lou guan cuo e .wen ye ru he .yue xia po suo .qia si heng e .dong ye su cheng tian shan li xuan ting xing zan song xiang yun lin .shi jiang shang xue xian .fang wai zhi yin .yin gai can song .han gong jiao yu .jia yu zhong jin .xiang fang zhang peng lai ye shen .mo chui sheng bu yong ming qin .si man chong jin .yi qu jiang zhong .wan su ju chen .jing ting zeng bie ding tai chu xian shi ying cang ya lei luo gu song .dai shu hui zi lan .fen fu chun gong .meng duan ge can .shuang han mu luo .sui wan jiang kong .qie mo shuo han dan dao zhong .ting wu shi mu song fei hong .gui zhao chun rong .zheng er sun liu .wei hai wei gong .tai chu ci yun jian ji .fu he yi da lun shi jia jian qu wu song .yu zhong niao gu yun .zhuo ju shui gong .yi xiao zhai ming .san sheng jiu meng .si man chun kong .suan jin ri dong feng zuo zhong .ji xin ci liang du lin hong .jing dong shan rong .huan qi jiang sheng .shui geng ru gong .zheng yue shi si ri ji qiu shan sheng ri ji chun xing chu du jin chao .shen que zai qiu shan .mei zhen song chao .xiao yan meng zhuang .jin sha wu san .yu you shen jiao .fei qiong chang pian yi dong xiao .si ma gu yang chu neng sao .you ke chao yao .yi ke qian jin .zui shi deng xiao .jia hao an lou ju ji shi zhe xian sheng hui yu yun xian .pian du zi lou ju .lan duan xi shan .ke zi xun zhen .lin duan shui jia .xue yi ping lan .xiang zhu ye zhi ren bing lan .gong mei hua xiao dao chun han .xiao san jin yan .ban xia xin sheng .shao ge xian huan .zheng qing shou xi wen dong jun jie de chun lai .zao qu lv ge huan .xiang dong mei sai .chu du yan kai .jin lan bin you .yu shu ting jie .qia qin xiao jiao hui xiang ai .shou xing ming xiang jin san tai .lin he jin huai .wen cai feng liu .qiong ying shuang tai .su zheng li gong geng xu chu ye de sun .yi ri jian zhao .zuo ci yi he ying mei lin xiu zhu gao lin .qia jin dan kai nian .zuo wan sheng sun .fu jie yao bin .yin gang zhao ye .bao zhuan liu chun .kuai chuan yu jiang dong jin shen .sheng ge yao tian shang qi lin .zhao dai ren men .zhun bei shi shu .deng hou feng yun .xin hai zheng yue shi ri you hu zhong mian jia yuan ban wu si zhun bei hui hao .qian zuo mu dong feng .zhao zhui jin chao .yin duan lan gai .xiang fu zhu ye .yu zhan mei shao .chang bai xue xin sheng a jiao .wan liang jin yi ke chun xiao .gui lu xiu jiao .deng yue guang zhong .ta po qiong yao .ling guang .zhen zao hua .tian ji shen yuan .tui ce nan tong .suan li ming jiu se .qia si qiu feng .da dao xuan lu jin huo .san tian nei yang chu shen gong .gong cheng hou .jin shu lai zhao .ping bu fu yao gong .han yu qin you ye bo chuan .nan hu xin zhang shui lian tian .feng liu bu jian qin huai hai .ji mo ren jian wu bai nian .

昨夜春风吹进了(liao)深邃的寝室，让人惊觉已经是春天了，于是想起远在湘江之滨的伊人。
（55）朝：使……称臣（或朝见）。应龙如何以尾画地？河海如何顺利流通？
⑥吴山：一说泛指吴地之山；一说为屏风上所绘的吴地山川风景。渡头那边太阳快(kuai)要落山了，村子里的炊烟一缕缕飘散。
①卿云：一种彩云，古以为祥瑞的象征。卿，通“庆”。枣花纷纷落在衣襟上。村南村北响起车缫丝的声音，古老的柳树(shu)底下(xia)有一个穿牛衣的农民在叫卖黄瓜。
④ 青溪：碧绿的溪水；楚宣王问群臣，说:“我听说北方诸侯都害怕楚令尹(yin)昭(zhao)奚恤，果真是这样吗？”群臣无人回答。
人吃人：《草木子》：“元京饥穷，人相食。”站在焦山陡峭的石壁上，遥望松寥山，就像站在碧蓝的云霄。
③重（chóng 虫）环：大环套小环，又称子母环。　　初次和她相见是在田弘遇之家，侯门的歌舞演起来真像繁花。田弘遇把会演唱的她献给将军，只等将军来娶就送上油壁香车。她的家本在姑苏浣花里，小名叫圆圆衬上罗绮更娇丽。她曾在梦里到当年夫差的宫苑里游嬉，被宫娥拥簇进去君王正身起。她前身真应是西施采莲女，门前也正临横塘水清碧。横塘里双桨摇动船去快如飞，哪家豪门硬要把她强买回。这时谁知不是薄命。这时只有泪湿褛表。田弘遇将陈圆圆送入宫中，可明眸皓齿的她竟没有获得君王怜惜。从宫掖里领回来仍留在田弘遇家，让她练好时兴歌曲来倾倒贵客。责客们传杯宴饮直到日暮，哀弦中她的心曲向谁倾诉。只有平西伯这位白净英俊的少年，拣中了花枝对她频频回顾。该早点把她这娇乌带出牢笼，要等什么时候才能把银河飞渡。只恨军书拼死地催促，只好留下信约把人耽误。相约恩深但相见可难，一朝蚁贼拥满了长(chang)(chang)安。可怜她本是思妇楼头的杨柳，却被人当作天边的杨花相看。像索取绿珠那样围住了内宅，硬是她叫出了雕栏。如果不是将军大获全胜，哪能用匹马载她归还。
⑽闭声：停止鸣叫。回翅：张开翅膀往回飞。务速：一定要快。西林：柳宗元在长安城西有祖遗田产，有果树数百株，西林指此。椹（shèn臻）：同“葚”，桑树结的果实，成熟后色紫，故日紫椹。行：即将。薄薄的香雾透入帘(lian)幕之中，美丽的楼阁池榭啊再无人一起观赏。绣帘低垂独自背着垂泪的红色蜡烛，长梦不断远方亲人啊可知道我的衷肠？
⑴偶成：偶然写成。

　　注:古人常折杨柳枝表送别
　　最后一段，作者借原燕国大将乐毅被迫逃到赵国去的故事，来暗示董生。“为我吊望诸君之墓”，是提醒董生应妥善处理他和唐王朝的关系。还进一步照应前面的“古”字，委托他到燕市上去看看还有没有高渐离那样的“屠狗者”；如果有的话，就劝其入朝廷效忠。连河北的“屠狗者”都要劝他入朝，则对董生投奔河北依附藩镇之举所抱态度也就不言而喻了。
　　在这样美好的山水景色中，诗人的心潮逐渐趋于平静，开始振作起来面对现实考虑自己的出路。在《早发大庾岭》里有这样的诗句：“适蛮悲疾首，怀恐泪沾臆。感谢鹓鹭朝，勤修魑魅职。生还倘非远，誓以报恩德。”可见他希望勤奋修职，争取早日赦归。由于天气的好转，诗人心情也逐渐开朗，由天气的变化联想到自己的命运，也充满了希望。于是不禁发出了“但令归有日，不敢恨长沙”的感慨，表示他只希望有回去的那天，就心满意足了，对自己受贬迁不敢有所怨恨。这是用了西汉贾谊遭权臣们排挤被贬为长沙王太傅的典故，说自己不敢像贾谊谪居长沙时那样因不适应湿热的气候“自以为寿不得长”而心生“恨”意。这种以退为进的写法，更把那希望生还的拳拳之心衬托了出来。尾联以直抒胸臆而作结，但上句的“归有日”又与首联的“辞国”、“望家”遥相呼应。
　　序文和赋辞两部分中都有对宋玉与神女梦遇景象的描摹，似乎重复，实际却各有侧重。序文中对话部分的描摹，侧重在传写神女初临时给宋玉带来的印象，妙在从虚处落笔。才思横溢的宋玉竟然也因神女的显现而陷入失态和拙于言辞的境地，正有力的烘托出神女的惊世骇俗之美，给读者以非同寻常的审美感受。赋辞部分侧重在对神女的容貌、情态作精工细雕的刻画。肖像的勾勒中特别注重其生气、神情的活现。静态的描摹之后是动态和心理的传写，展现出神女美丽多情，但又洁清守身，非礼难近，似乎向世人表明她的心早已交付给长眠幽冥的先王。赋辞尾部又刻划了神女脉脉含情和依依不舍的一瞥，读来令人更加令人回肠荡气和思致绵远。
　　这是妻子思念丈夫的诗。丈夫久别，凄然独处，对于季节的迁移和气候的变化异常敏感；因而先从季节、气候写起。孟冬，旧历冬季的第一月，即十月。就一年说，主人公已在思念丈夫的愁苦中熬过了春、夏、秋三季。冬天一来，她首先感到的是“寒”。“《孟冬寒气至》佚名 古诗”，一个“至”字，把“寒气”拟人化，它在不受欢迎的情况下来“至”主人公的院中、屋里、乃至内心深处。主人公日思夜盼的是丈夫“至”、不是“寒气至”。“寒气”又“至”而无犹不“至”，怎能不加倍地感到“寒”！第二句以“北风”补充“寒气”；“何惨栗”三字，如闻主人公寒彻心髓的惊叹之声。 时入孟冬，主人公与“寒气”同时感到的是“夜长”。对于无忧无虑的人来说，一觉睡到大天亮，根本不会觉察到夜已变长。“愁多知夜长”一句、看似平淡，实非身试者说不出；最先说出，便觉新警。主人公经年累月思念丈夫，夜不成寐；一到冬季，“寒”与“愁”并，更感到长夜难明。
　　起联先总写北斋环境的幽静。北斋是作者在府衙内读书休憩的地方。庭院不大，园圃却极清幽，因为作者非常喜爱这个地方，所以常常免去属吏的例行参见，留连其中。“幽圃”不仅指地方僻静，主要还在于这里吏民不到，没有官事打扰，能使人得到心灵上的平静。旧时属吏每天早晚两次到上司衙门排班参见长官，报告公事，叫“衙参”，也省称“衙”。说“常教”，就不是完全免除，不理政务，而是无事报告时，即免去虚套，用字很有分寸。这两句总掣全篇，又引起下文，下面各联，即分别从景、事、情三个方面，作具体描绘。