大鹏一日同风起，扶摇直上九万里。假令风歇时下来，犹能簸却沧溟水。世人见我恒殊调，闻余大言皆冷笑。宣父犹能畏后生，丈夫未可轻年少。霢霂农桑野，冥濛杨柳台。何人待晴暖，庭有牡丹开。日本人之称我中国也，一则曰老大帝国，再则曰老大帝国。是语也，盖袭译欧西人之言也。呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？梁启超曰：恶！是何言！是何言！吾心目中有一少年中国在！欲言国之老少，请先言人之老少。老年人常思既往，少年人常思将来。惟思既往也，故生留恋心；惟思将来也，故生希望心。惟留恋也，故保守；惟希望也，故进取。惟保守也，故永旧；惟进取也，故日新。惟思既往也，事事皆其所已经者，故惟知照例；惟思将来也，事事皆其所未经者，故常敢破格。老年人常多忧虑，少年人常好行乐。惟多忧也，故灰心；惟行乐也，故盛气。惟灰心也，故怯懦；惟盛气也，故豪壮。惟怯懦也，故苟且；惟豪壮也，故冒险。惟苟且也，故能灭世界；惟冒险也，故能造世界。老年人常厌事，少年人常喜事。惟厌事也，故常觉一切事无可为者；惟好事也，故常觉一切事无不可为者。老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎。老年人如僧，少年人如侠。老年人如字典，少年人如戏文。老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如泼兰地酒。老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大洋海之珊瑚岛。老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西比利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春前之草。老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源。此老年与少年性格不同之大略也。任公曰：人固有之，国亦宜然。梁启超曰：伤哉，老大也！浔阳江头琵琶妇，当明月绕船，枫叶瑟瑟，衾寒于铁，似梦非梦之时，追想洛阳尘中春花秋月之佳趣。西宫南内，白发宫娥，一灯如穗，三五对坐，谈开元、天宝间遗事，谱《霓裳羽衣曲》。青门种瓜人，左对孺人，顾弄孺子，忆侯门似海珠履杂沓之盛事。拿破仑之流于厄蔑，阿剌飞之幽于锡兰，与三两监守吏，或过访之好事者，道当年短刀匹马驰骋中原，席卷欧洲，血战海楼，一声叱咤，万国震恐之丰功伟烈，初而拍案，继而抚髀，终而揽镜。呜唿，面皴齿尽，白发盈把，颓然老矣！若是者，舍幽郁之外无心事，舍悲惨之外无天地，舍颓唐之外无日月，舍叹息之外无音声，舍待死之外无事业。美人豪杰且然，而况寻常碌碌者耶？生平亲友，皆在墟墓；起居饮食，待命于人。今日且过，遑知他日？今年且过，遑恤明年？普天下灰心短气之事，未有甚于老大者。于此人也，而欲望以拏云之手段，回天之事功，挟山超海之意气，能乎不能？呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？立乎今日以指畴昔，唐虞三代，若何之郅治；秦皇汉武，若何之雄杰；汉唐来之文学，若何之隆盛；康干间之武功，若何之烜赫。历史家所铺叙，词章家所讴歌，何一非我国民少年时代良辰美景、赏心乐事之陈迹哉！而今颓然老矣！昨日割五城，明日割十城，处处雀鼠尽，夜夜鸡犬惊。十八省之土地财产，已为人怀中之肉；四百兆之父兄子弟，已为人注籍之奴，岂所谓“老大嫁作商人妇”者耶？呜唿！凭君莫话当年事，憔悴韶光不忍看！楚囚相对，岌岌顾影，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。国为待死之国，一国之民为待死之民。万事付之奈何，一切凭人作弄，亦何足怪！任公曰：我中国其果老大矣乎？是今日全地球之一大问题也。如其老大也，则是中国为过去之国，即地球上昔本有此国，而今渐澌灭，他日之命运殆将尽也。如其非老大也，则是中国为未来之国，即地球上昔未现此国，而今渐发达，他日之前程且方长也。欲断今日之中国为老大耶？为少年耶？则不可不先明“国”字之意义。夫国也者，何物也？有土地，有人民，以居于其土地之人民，而治其所居之土地之事，自制法律而自守之；有主权，有服从，人人皆主权者，人人皆服从者。夫如是，斯谓之完全成立之国，地球上之有完全成立之国也，自百年以来也。完全成立者，壮年之事也。未能完全成立而渐进于完全成立者，少年之事也。故吾得一言以断之曰：欧洲列邦在今日为壮年国，而我中国在今日为少年国。夫古昔之中国者，虽有国之名，而未成国之形也。或为家族之国，或为酋长之国，或为诸侯封建之国，或为一王专制之国。虽种类不一，要之，其于国家之体质也，有其一部而缺其一部。正如婴儿自胚胎以迄成童，其身体之一二官支，先行长成，此外则全体虽粗具，然未能得其用也。故唐虞以前为胚胎时代，殷周之际为乳哺时代，由孔子而来至于今为童子时代。逐渐发达，而今乃始将入成童以上少年之界焉。其长成所以若是之迟者，则历代之民贼有窒其生机者也。譬犹童年多病，转类老态，或且疑其死期之将至焉，而不知皆由未完成未成立也。非过去之谓，而未来之谓也。且我中国畴昔，岂尝有国家哉？不过有朝廷耳！我黄帝子孙，聚族而居，立于此地球之上者既数千年，而问其国之为何名，则无有也。夫所谓唐、虞、夏、商、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清者，则皆朝名耳。朝也者，一家之私产也。国也者，人民之公产也。朝有朝之老少，国有国之老少。朝与国既异物，则不能以朝之老少而指为国之老少明矣。文、武、成、康，周朝之少年时代也。幽、厉、桓、赧，则其老年时代也。高、文、景、武，汉朝之少年时代也。元、平、桓、灵，则其老年时代也。自余历朝，莫不有之。凡此者谓为一朝廷之老也则可，谓为一国之老也则不可。一朝廷之老旦死，犹一人之老且死也，于吾所谓中国者何与焉。然则，吾中国者，前此尚未出现于世界，而今乃始萌芽云尔。天地大矣，前途辽矣。美哉我少年中国乎！玛志尼者，意大利三杰之魁也。以国事被罪，逃窜异邦。乃创立一会，名曰“少年意大利”。举国志士，云涌雾集以应之。卒乃光复旧物，使意大利为欧洲之一雄邦。夫意大利者，欧洲之第一老大国也。自罗马亡后，土地隶于教皇，政权归于奥国，殆所谓老而濒于死者矣。而得一玛志尼，且能举全国而少年之，况我中国之实为少年时代者耶！堂堂四百余州之国土，凛凛四百余兆之国民，岂遂无一玛志尼其人者！龚自珍氏之集有诗一章，题曰《能令公少年行》。吾尝爱读之，而有味乎其用意之所存。我国民而自谓其国之老大也，斯果老大矣；我国民而自知其国之少年也，斯乃少年矣。西谚有之曰：“有三岁之翁，有百岁之童。”然则，国之老少，又无定形，而实随国民之心力以为消长者也。吾见乎玛志尼之能令国少年也，吾又见乎我国之官吏士民能令国老大也。吾为此惧！夫以如此壮丽浓郁翩翩绝世之少年中国，而使欧西日本人谓我为老大者，何也？则以握国权者皆老朽之人也。非哦几十年八股，非写几十年白折，非当几十年差，非捱几十年俸，非递几十年手本，非唱几十年喏，非磕几十年头，非请几十年安，则必不能得一官、进一职。其内任卿贰以上，外任监司以上者，百人之中，其五官不备者，殆九十六七人也。非眼盲则耳聋，非手颤则足跛，否则半身不遂也。彼其一身饮食步履视听言语，尚且不能自了，须三四人左右扶之捉之，乃能度日，于此而乃欲责之以国事，是何异立无数木偶而使治天下也！且彼辈者，自其少壮之时既已不知亚细亚、欧罗巴为何处地方，汉祖唐宗是那朝皇帝，犹嫌其顽钝腐败之未臻其极，又必搓磨之，陶冶之，待其脑髓已涸，血管已塞，气息奄奄，与鬼为邻之时，然后将我二万里山河，四万万人命，一举而界于其手。呜唿！老大帝国，诚哉其老大也！而彼辈者，积其数十年之八股、白折、当差、捱俸、手本、唱喏、磕头、请安，千辛万苦，千苦万辛，乃始得此红顶花翎之服色，中堂大人之名号，乃出其全副精神，竭其毕生力量，以保持之。如彼乞儿拾金一锭，虽轰雷盘旋其顶上，而两手犹紧抱其荷包，他事非所顾也，非所知也，非所闻也。于此而告之以亡国也，瓜分也，彼乌从而听之，乌从而信之！即使果亡矣，果分矣，而吾今年七十矣，八十矣，但求其一两年内，洋人不来，强盗不起，我已快活过了一世矣！若不得已，则割三头两省之土地奉申贺敬，以换我几个衙门；卖三几百万之人民作仆为奴，以赎我一条老命，有何不可？有何难办？呜唿！今之所谓老后、老臣、老将、老吏者，其修身齐家治国平天下之手段，皆具于是矣。西风一夜催人老，凋尽朱颜白尽头。使走无常当医生，携催命符以祝寿，嗟乎痛哉！以此为国，是安得不老且死，且吾恐其未及岁而殇也。任公曰：造成今日之老大中国者，则中国老朽之冤业也。制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。彼老朽者何足道，彼与此世界作别之日不远矣，而我少年乃新来而与世界为缘。如僦屋者然，彼明日将迁居他方，而我今日始入此室处。将迁居者，不爱护其窗栊，不洁治其庭庑，俗人恒情，亦何足怪！若我少年者，前程浩浩，后顾茫茫。中国而为牛为马为奴为隶，则烹脔鞭棰之惨酷，惟我少年当之。中国如称霸宇内，主盟地球，则指挥顾盼之尊荣，惟我少年享之。于彼气息奄奄与鬼为邻者何与焉？彼而漠然置之，犹可言也。我而漠然置之，不可言也。使举国之少年而果为少年也，则吾中国为未来之国，其进步未可量也。使举国之少年而亦为老大也，则吾中国为过去之国，其澌亡可翘足而待也。故今日之责任，不在他人，而全在我少年。少年智则国智，少年富则国富；少年强则国强，少年独立则国独立；少年自由则国自由；少年进步则国进步；少年胜于欧洲，则国胜于欧洲；少年雄于地球，则国雄于地球。红日初升，其道大光。河出伏流，一泻汪洋。潜龙腾渊，鳞爪飞扬。乳虎啸谷，百兽震惶。鹰隼试翼，风尘翕张。奇花初胎，矞矞皇皇。干将发硎，有作其芒。天戴其苍，地履其黄。纵有千古，横有八荒。前途似海，来日方长。美哉我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉我中国少年，与国无疆！“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切。”此岳武穆《满江红》词句也，作者自六岁时即口受记忆，至今喜诵之不衰。自今以往，弃“哀时客”之名，更自名曰“少年中国之少年”。巨川何以济，舟楫伫时英。维正德四年秋月三日，有吏目云自京来者，不知其名氏，携一子一仆，将之任，过龙场，投宿土苗家。予从篱落间望见之，阴雨昏黑，欲就问讯北来事，不果。明早，遣人觇之，已行矣。薄午，有人自蜈蚣坡来，云：“一老人死坡下，傍两人哭之哀。”予曰：“此必吏目死矣。伤哉！”薄暮，复有人来，云：“坡下死者二人，傍一人坐哭。”询其状，则其子又死矣。明日，复有人来，云：“见坡下积尸三焉。”则其仆又死矣。呜唿伤哉！念其暴骨无主，将二童子持畚、锸往瘗之，二童子有难色然。予曰：“嘻！吾与尔犹彼也！”二童闵然涕下，请往。就其傍山麓为三坎，埋之。又以只鸡、饭三盂，嗟吁涕洟而告之，曰：呜唿伤哉！繄何人？繄何人？吾龙场驿丞余姚王守仁也。吾与尔皆中土之产，吾不知尔郡邑，尔乌为乎来为兹山之鬼乎？古者重去其乡，游宦不逾千里。吾以窜逐而来此，宜也。尔亦何辜乎？闻尔官吏目耳，俸不能五斗，尔率妻子躬耕可有也。乌为乎以五斗而易尔七尺之躯？又不足，而益以尔子与仆乎？呜唿伤哉！尔诚恋兹五斗而来，则宜欣然就道，胡为乎吾昨望见尔容蹙然，盖不任其忧者？夫冲冒雾露，扳援崖壁，行万峰之顶，饥渴劳顿，筋骨疲惫，而又瘴疬侵其外，忧郁攻其中，其能以无死乎？吾固知尔之必死，然不谓若是其速，又不谓尔子尔仆亦遽然奄忽也！皆尔自取，谓之何哉！吾念尔三骨之无依而来瘗尔，乃使吾有无穷之怆也。呜唿伤哉！纵不尔瘗，幽崖之狐成群，阴壑之虺如车轮，亦必能葬尔于腹，不致久暴露尔。尔既已无知，然吾何能违心乎？自吾去父母乡国而来此，三年矣，历瘴毒而苟能自全，以吾未尝一日之戚戚也。今悲伤若此，是吾为尔者重，而自为者轻也。吾不宜复为尔悲矣。吾为尔歌，尔听之。歌曰：连峰际天兮，飞鸟不通。游子怀乡兮，莫知西东。莫知西东兮，维天则同。异域殊方兮，环海之中。达观随寓兮，奚必予宫。魂兮魂兮，无悲以恫。又歌以慰之曰：与尔皆乡土之离兮，蛮之人言语不相知兮。性命不可期，吾苟死于兹兮，率尔子仆，来从予兮。吾与尔遨以嬉兮，骖紫彪而乘文螭兮，登望故乡而嘘唏兮。吾苟获生归兮，尔子尔仆，尚尔随兮，无以无侣为悲兮！道旁之冢累累兮，多中土之流离兮，相与唿啸而徘徊兮。餐风饮露，无尔饥兮。朝友麋鹿，暮猿与栖兮。尔安尔居兮，无为厉于兹墟兮！履艮包群望，居中冠百灵。万方资广运，庶品荷财成。草遮回磴绝鸣鸾，云树深深碧殿寒。明月自来还自去，更无人倚玉阑干。

da peng yi ri tong feng qi .fu yao zhi shang jiu wan li .jia ling feng xie shi xia lai .you neng bo que cang ming shui .shi ren jian wo heng shu diao .wen yu da yan jie leng xiao .xuan fu you neng wei hou sheng .zhang fu wei ke qing nian shao .mai mu nong sang ye .ming meng yang liu tai .he ren dai qing nuan .ting you mu dan kai .ri ben ren zhi cheng wo zhong guo ye .yi ze yue lao da di guo .zai ze yue lao da di guo .shi yu ye .gai xi yi ou xi ren zhi yan ye .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .liang qi chao yue .e .shi he yan .shi he yan .wu xin mu zhong you yi shao nian zhong guo zai .yu yan guo zhi lao shao .qing xian yan ren zhi lao shao .lao nian ren chang si ji wang .shao nian ren chang si jiang lai .wei si ji wang ye .gu sheng liu lian xin .wei si jiang lai ye .gu sheng xi wang xin .wei liu lian ye .gu bao shou .wei xi wang ye .gu jin qu .wei bao shou ye .gu yong jiu .wei jin qu ye .gu ri xin .wei si ji wang ye .shi shi jie qi suo yi jing zhe .gu wei zhi zhao li .wei si jiang lai ye .shi shi jie qi suo wei jing zhe .gu chang gan po ge .lao nian ren chang duo you lv .shao nian ren chang hao xing le .wei duo you ye .gu hui xin .wei xing le ye .gu sheng qi .wei hui xin ye .gu qie nuo .wei sheng qi ye .gu hao zhuang .wei qie nuo ye .gu gou qie .wei hao zhuang ye .gu mao xian .wei gou qie ye .gu neng mie shi jie .wei mao xian ye .gu neng zao shi jie .lao nian ren chang yan shi .shao nian ren chang xi shi .wei yan shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu ke wei zhe .wei hao shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu bu ke wei zhe .lao nian ren ru xi zhao .shao nian ren ru chao yang .lao nian ren ru ji niu .shao nian ren ru ru hu .lao nian ren ru seng .shao nian ren ru xia .lao nian ren ru zi dian .shao nian ren ru xi wen .lao nian ren ru ya pian yan .shao nian ren ru po lan di jiu .lao nian ren ru bie xing xing zhi yun shi .shao nian ren ru da yang hai zhi shan hu dao .lao nian ren ru ai ji sha mo zhi jin zi ta .shao nian ren ru xi bi li ya zhi tie lu .lao nian ren ru qiu hou zhi liu .shao nian ren ru chun qian zhi cao .lao nian ren ru si hai zhi zhu wei ze .shao nian ren ru chang jiang zhi chu fa yuan .ci lao nian yu shao nian xing ge bu tong zhi da lue ye .ren gong yue .ren gu you zhi .guo yi yi ran .liang qi chao yue .shang zai .lao da ye .xun yang jiang tou pi pa fu .dang ming yue rao chuan .feng ye se se .qin han yu tie .si meng fei meng zhi shi .zhui xiang luo yang chen zhong chun hua qiu yue zhi jia qu .xi gong nan nei .bai fa gong e .yi deng ru sui .san wu dui zuo .tan kai yuan .tian bao jian yi shi .pu .ni shang yu yi qu ..qing men zhong gua ren .zuo dui ru ren .gu nong ru zi .yi hou men si hai zhu lv za da zhi sheng shi .na po lun zhi liu yu e mie .a la fei zhi you yu xi lan .yu san liang jian shou li .huo guo fang zhi hao shi zhe .dao dang nian duan dao pi ma chi cheng zhong yuan .xi juan ou zhou .xue zhan hai lou .yi sheng chi zha .wan guo zhen kong zhi feng gong wei lie .chu er pai an .ji er fu bi .zhong er lan jing .wu hu .mian cun chi jin .bai fa ying ba .tui ran lao yi .ruo shi zhe .she you yu zhi wai wu xin shi .she bei can zhi wai wu tian di .she tui tang zhi wai wu ri yue .she tan xi zhi wai wu yin sheng .she dai si zhi wai wu shi ye .mei ren hao jie qie ran .er kuang xun chang lu lu zhe ye .sheng ping qin you .jie zai xu mu .qi ju yin shi .dai ming yu ren .jin ri qie guo .huang zhi ta ri .jin nian qie guo .huang xu ming nian .pu tian xia hui xin duan qi zhi shi .wei you shen yu lao da zhe .yu ci ren ye .er yu wang yi na yun zhi shou duan .hui tian zhi shi gong .xie shan chao hai zhi yi qi .neng hu bu neng .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .li hu jin ri yi zhi chou xi .tang yu san dai .ruo he zhi zhi zhi .qin huang han wu .ruo he zhi xiong jie .han tang lai zhi wen xue .ruo he zhi long sheng .kang gan jian zhi wu gong .ruo he zhi xuan he .li shi jia suo pu xu .ci zhang jia suo ou ge .he yi fei wo guo min shao nian shi dai liang chen mei jing .shang xin le shi zhi chen ji zai .er jin tui ran lao yi .zuo ri ge wu cheng .ming ri ge shi cheng .chu chu que shu jin .ye ye ji quan jing .shi ba sheng zhi tu di cai chan .yi wei ren huai zhong zhi rou .si bai zhao zhi fu xiong zi di .yi wei ren zhu ji zhi nu .qi suo wei .lao da jia zuo shang ren fu .zhe ye .wu hu .ping jun mo hua dang nian shi .qiao cui shao guang bu ren kan .chu qiu xiang dui .ji ji gu ying .ren ming wei qian .chao bu lv xi .guo wei dai si zhi guo .yi guo zhi min wei dai si zhi min .wan shi fu zhi nai he .yi qie ping ren zuo nong .yi he zu guai .ren gong yue .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .shi jin ri quan di qiu zhi yi da wen ti ye .ru qi lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi ben you ci guo .er jin jian si mie .ta ri zhi ming yun dai jiang jin ye .ru qi fei lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi wei xian ci guo .er jin jian fa da .ta ri zhi qian cheng qie fang chang ye .yu duan jin ri zhi zhong guo wei lao da ye .wei shao nian ye .ze bu ke bu xian ming .guo .zi zhi yi yi .fu guo ye zhe .he wu ye .you tu di .you ren min .yi ju yu qi tu di zhi ren min .er zhi qi suo ju zhi tu di zhi shi .zi zhi fa lv er zi shou zhi .you zhu quan .you fu cong .ren ren jie zhu quan zhe .ren ren jie fu cong zhe .fu ru shi .si wei zhi wan quan cheng li zhi guo .di qiu shang zhi you wan quan cheng li zhi guo ye .zi bai nian yi lai ye .wan quan cheng li zhe .zhuang nian zhi shi ye .wei neng wan quan cheng li er jian jin yu wan quan cheng li zhe .shao nian zhi shi ye .gu wu de yi yan yi duan zhi yue .ou zhou lie bang zai jin ri wei zhuang nian guo .er wo zhong guo zai jin ri wei shao nian guo .fu gu xi zhi zhong guo zhe .sui you guo zhi ming .er wei cheng guo zhi xing ye .huo wei jia zu zhi guo .huo wei qiu chang zhi guo .huo wei zhu hou feng jian zhi guo .huo wei yi wang zhuan zhi zhi guo .sui zhong lei bu yi .yao zhi .qi yu guo jia zhi ti zhi ye .you qi yi bu er que qi yi bu .zheng ru ying er zi pei tai yi qi cheng tong .qi shen ti zhi yi er guan zhi .xian xing chang cheng .ci wai ze quan ti sui cu ju .ran wei neng de qi yong ye .gu tang yu yi qian wei pei tai shi dai .yin zhou zhi ji wei ru bu shi dai .you kong zi er lai zhi yu jin wei tong zi shi dai .zhu jian fa da .er jin nai shi jiang ru cheng tong yi shang shao nian zhi jie yan .qi chang cheng suo yi ruo shi zhi chi zhe .ze li dai zhi min zei you zhi qi sheng ji zhe ye .pi you tong nian duo bing .zhuan lei lao tai .huo qie yi qi si qi zhi jiang zhi yan .er bu zhi jie you wei wan cheng wei cheng li ye .fei guo qu zhi wei .er wei lai zhi wei ye .qie wo zhong guo chou xi .qi chang you guo jia zai .bu guo you chao ting er .wo huang di zi sun .ju zu er ju .li yu ci di qiu zhi shang zhe ji shu qian nian .er wen qi guo zhi wei he ming .ze wu you ye .fu suo wei tang .yu .xia .shang .zhou .qin .han .wei .jin .song .qi .liang .chen .sui .tang .song .yuan .ming .qing zhe .ze jie chao ming er .chao ye zhe .yi jia zhi si chan ye .guo ye zhe .ren min zhi gong chan ye .chao you chao zhi lao shao .guo you guo zhi lao shao .chao yu guo ji yi wu .ze bu neng yi chao zhi lao shao er zhi wei guo zhi lao shao ming yi .wen .wu .cheng .kang .zhou chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .you .li .huan .nan .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .gao .wen .jing .wu .han chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .yuan .ping .huan .ling .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .zi yu li chao .mo bu you zhi .fan ci zhe wei wei yi chao ting zhi lao ye ze ke .wei wei yi guo zhi lao ye ze bu ke .yi chao ting zhi lao dan si .you yi ren zhi lao qie si ye .yu wu suo wei zhong guo zhe he yu yan .ran ze .wu zhong guo zhe .qian ci shang wei chu xian yu shi jie .er jin nai shi meng ya yun er .tian di da yi .qian tu liao yi .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo hu .ma zhi ni zhe .yi da li san jie zhi kui ye .yi guo shi bei zui .tao cuan yi bang .nai chuang li yi hui .ming yue .shao nian yi da li ..ju guo zhi shi .yun yong wu ji yi ying zhi .zu nai guang fu jiu wu .shi yi da li wei ou zhou zhi yi xiong bang .fu yi da li zhe .ou zhou zhi di yi lao da guo ye .zi luo ma wang hou .tu di li yu jiao huang .zheng quan gui yu ao guo .dai suo wei lao er bin yu si zhe yi .er de yi ma zhi ni .qie neng ju quan guo er shao nian zhi .kuang wo zhong guo zhi shi wei shao nian shi dai zhe ye .tang tang si bai yu zhou zhi guo tu .lin lin si bai yu zhao zhi guo min .qi sui wu yi ma zhi ni qi ren zhe .gong zi zhen shi zhi ji you shi yi zhang .ti yue .neng ling gong shao nian xing ..wu chang ai du zhi .er you wei hu qi yong yi zhi suo cun .wo guo min er zi wei qi guo zhi lao da ye .si guo lao da yi .wo guo min er zi zhi qi guo zhi shao nian ye .si nai shao nian yi .xi yan you zhi yue ..you san sui zhi weng .you bai sui zhi tong ..ran ze .guo zhi lao shao .you wu ding xing .er shi sui guo min zhi xin li yi wei xiao chang zhe ye .wu jian hu ma zhi ni zhi neng ling guo shao nian ye .wu you jian hu wo guo zhi guan li shi min neng ling guo lao da ye .wu wei ci ju .fu yi ru ci zhuang li nong yu pian pian jue shi zhi shao nian zhong guo .er shi ou xi ri ben ren wei wo wei lao da zhe .he ye .ze yi wo guo quan zhe jie lao xiu zhi ren ye .fei o ji shi nian ba gu .fei xie ji shi nian bai zhe .fei dang ji shi nian cha .fei ai ji shi nian feng .fei di ji shi nian shou ben .fei chang ji shi nian nuo .fei ke ji shi nian tou .fei qing ji shi nian an .ze bi bu neng de yi guan .jin yi zhi .qi nei ren qing er yi shang .wai ren jian si yi shang zhe .bai ren zhi zhong .qi wu guan bu bei zhe .dai jiu shi liu qi ren ye .fei yan mang ze er long .fei shou chan ze zu bo .fou ze ban shen bu sui ye .bi qi yi shen yin shi bu lv shi ting yan yu .shang qie bu neng zi liao .xu san si ren zuo you fu zhi zhuo zhi .nai neng du ri .yu ci er nai yu ze zhi yi guo shi .shi he yi li wu shu mu ou er shi zhi tian xia ye .qie bi bei zhe .zi qi shao zhuang zhi shi ji yi bu zhi ya xi ya .ou luo ba wei he chu di fang .han zu tang zong shi na chao huang di .you xian qi wan dun fu bai zhi wei zhen qi ji .you bi cuo mo zhi .tao ye zhi .dai qi nao sui yi he .xue guan yi sai .qi xi yan yan .yu gui wei lin zhi shi .ran hou jiang wo er wan li shan he .si wan wan ren ming .yi ju er jie yu qi shou .wu hu .lao da di guo .cheng zai qi lao da ye .er bi bei zhe .ji qi shu shi nian zhi ba gu .bai zhe .dang cha .ai feng .shou ben .chang nuo .ke tou .qing an .qian xin wan ku .qian ku wan xin .nai shi de ci hong ding hua ling zhi fu se .zhong tang da ren zhi ming hao .nai chu qi quan fu jing shen .jie qi bi sheng li liang .yi bao chi zhi .ru bi qi er shi jin yi ding .sui hong lei pan xuan qi ding shang .er liang shou you jin bao qi he bao .ta shi fei suo gu ye .fei suo zhi ye .fei suo wen ye .yu ci er gao zhi yi wang guo ye .gua fen ye .bi wu cong er ting zhi .wu cong er xin zhi .ji shi guo wang yi .guo fen yi .er wu jin nian qi shi yi .ba shi yi .dan qiu qi yi liang nian nei .yang ren bu lai .qiang dao bu qi .wo yi kuai huo guo liao yi shi yi .ruo bu de yi .ze ge san tou liang sheng zhi tu di feng shen he jing .yi huan wo ji ge ya men .mai san ji bai wan zhi ren min zuo pu wei nu .yi shu wo yi tiao lao ming .you he bu ke .you he nan ban .wu hu .jin zhi suo wei lao hou .lao chen .lao jiang .lao li zhe .qi xiu shen qi jia zhi guo ping tian xia zhi shou duan .jie ju yu shi yi .xi feng yi ye cui ren lao .diao jin zhu yan bai jin tou .shi zou wu chang dang yi sheng .xie cui ming fu yi zhu shou .jie hu tong zai .yi ci wei guo .shi an de bu lao qie si .qie wu kong qi wei ji sui er shang ye .ren gong yue .zao cheng jin ri zhi lao da zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo lao xiu zhi yuan ye ye .zhi chu jiang lai zhi shao nian zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo shao nian zhi ze ren ye .bi lao xiu zhe he zu dao .bi yu ci shi jie zuo bie zhi ri bu yuan yi .er wo shao nian nai xin lai er yu shi jie wei yuan .ru jiu wu zhe ran .bi ming ri jiang qian ju ta fang .er wo jin ri shi ru ci shi chu .jiang qian ju zhe .bu ai hu qi chuang long .bu jie zhi qi ting wu .su ren heng qing .yi he zu guai .ruo wo shao nian zhe .qian cheng hao hao .hou gu mang mang .zhong guo er wei niu wei ma wei nu wei li .ze peng luan bian chui zhi can ku .wei wo shao nian dang zhi .zhong guo ru cheng ba yu nei .zhu meng di qiu .ze zhi hui gu pan zhi zun rong .wei wo shao nian xiang zhi .yu bi qi xi yan yan yu gui wei lin zhe he yu yan .bi er mo ran zhi zhi .you ke yan ye .wo er mo ran zhi zhi .bu ke yan ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er guo wei shao nian ye .ze wu zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .qi jin bu wei ke liang ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er yi wei lao da ye .ze wu zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .qi si wang ke qiao zu er dai ye .gu jin ri zhi ze ren .bu zai ta ren .er quan zai wo shao nian .shao nian zhi ze guo zhi .shao nian fu ze guo fu .shao nian qiang ze guo qiang .shao nian du li ze guo du li .shao nian zi you ze guo zi you .shao nian jin bu ze guo jin bu .shao nian sheng yu ou zhou .ze guo sheng yu ou zhou .shao nian xiong yu di qiu .ze guo xiong yu di qiu .hong ri chu sheng .qi dao da guang .he chu fu liu .yi xie wang yang .qian long teng yuan .lin zhua fei yang .ru hu xiao gu .bai shou zhen huang .ying sun shi yi .feng chen xi zhang .qi hua chu tai .yu yu huang huang .gan jiang fa xing .you zuo qi mang .tian dai qi cang .di lv qi huang .zong you qian gu .heng you ba huang .qian tu si hai .lai ri fang chang .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo .yu tian bu lao .zhuang zai wo zhong guo shao nian .yu guo wu jiang ..san shi gong ming chen yu tu .ba qian li lu yun he yue .mo deng xian .bai liao shao nian tou .kong bei qie ..ci yue wu mu .man jiang hong .ci ju ye .zuo zhe zi liu sui shi ji kou shou ji yi .zhi jin xi song zhi bu shuai .zi jin yi wang .qi .ai shi ke .zhi ming .geng zi ming yue .shao nian zhong guo zhi shao nian ..ju chuan he yi ji .zhou ji zhu shi ying .wei zheng de si nian qiu yue san ri .you li mu yun zi jing lai zhe .bu zhi qi ming shi .xie yi zi yi pu .jiang zhi ren .guo long chang .tou su tu miao jia .yu cong li luo jian wang jian zhi .yin yu hun hei .yu jiu wen xun bei lai shi .bu guo .ming zao .qian ren chan zhi .yi xing yi .bao wu .you ren zi wu gong po lai .yun ..yi lao ren si po xia .bang liang ren ku zhi ai ..yu yue ..ci bi li mu si yi .shang zai ..bao mu .fu you ren lai .yun ..po xia si zhe er ren .bang yi ren zuo ku ..xun qi zhuang .ze qi zi you si yi .ming ri .fu you ren lai .yun ..jian po xia ji shi san yan ..ze qi pu you si yi .wu hu shang zai .nian qi bao gu wu zhu .jiang er tong zi chi ben .cha wang yi zhi .er tong zi you nan se ran .yu yue ..xi .wu yu er you bi ye ..er tong min ran ti xia .qing wang .jiu qi bang shan lu wei san kan .mai zhi .you yi zhi ji .fan san yu .jie yu ti ti er gao zhi .yue .wu hu shang zai .yi he ren .yi he ren .wu long chang yi cheng yu yao wang shou ren ye .wu yu er jie zhong tu zhi chan .wu bu zhi er jun yi .er wu wei hu lai wei zi shan zhi gui hu .gu zhe zhong qu qi xiang .you huan bu yu qian li .wu yi cuan zhu er lai ci .yi ye .er yi he gu hu .wen er guan li mu er .feng bu neng wu dou .er lv qi zi gong geng ke you ye .wu wei hu yi wu dou er yi er qi chi zhi qu .you bu zu .er yi yi er zi yu pu hu .wu hu shang zai .er cheng lian zi wu dou er lai .ze yi xin ran jiu dao .hu wei hu wu zuo wang jian er rong cu ran .gai bu ren qi you zhe .fu chong mao wu lu .ban yuan ya bi .xing wan feng zhi ding .ji ke lao dun .jin gu pi bei .er you zhang li qin qi wai .you yu gong qi zhong .qi neng yi wu si hu .wu gu zhi er zhi bi si .ran bu wei ruo shi qi su .you bu wei er zi er pu yi ju ran yan hu ye .jie er zi qu .wei zhi he zai .wu nian er san gu zhi wu yi er lai yi er .nai shi wu you wu qiong zhi chuang ye .wu hu shang zai .zong bu er yi .you ya zhi hu cheng qun .yin he zhi hui ru che lun .yi bi neng zang er yu fu .bu zhi jiu bao lu er .er ji yi wu zhi .ran wu he neng wei xin hu .zi wu qu fu mu xiang guo er lai ci .san nian yi .li zhang du er gou neng zi quan .yi wu wei chang yi ri zhi qi qi ye .jin bei shang ruo ci .shi wu wei er zhe zhong .er zi wei zhe qing ye .wu bu yi fu wei er bei yi .wu wei er ge .er ting zhi .ge yue .lian feng ji tian xi .fei niao bu tong .you zi huai xiang xi .mo zhi xi dong .mo zhi xi dong xi .wei tian ze tong .yi yu shu fang xi .huan hai zhi zhong .da guan sui yu xi .xi bi yu gong .hun xi hun xi .wu bei yi dong .you ge yi wei zhi yue .yu er jie xiang tu zhi li xi .man zhi ren yan yu bu xiang zhi xi .xing ming bu ke qi .wu gou si yu zi xi .lv er zi pu .lai cong yu xi .wu yu er ao yi xi xi .can zi biao er cheng wen chi xi .deng wang gu xiang er xu xi xi .wu gou huo sheng gui xi .er zi er pu .shang er sui xi .wu yi wu lv wei bei xi .dao pang zhi zhong lei lei xi .duo zhong tu zhi liu li xi .xiang yu hu xiao er pai huai xi .can feng yin lu .wu er ji xi .chao you mi lu .mu yuan yu qi xi .er an er ju xi .wu wei li yu zi xu xi .lv gen bao qun wang .ju zhong guan bai ling .wan fang zi guang yun .shu pin he cai cheng .cao zhe hui deng jue ming luan .yun shu shen shen bi dian han .ming yue zi lai huan zi qu .geng wu ren yi yu lan gan .

唉！我本是穷人家女儿，好不容易才制办了这套丝绸的(de)(de)嫁衣；
③高堂：高大的厅堂，宽敞的房屋。江岸的枫叶渐渐衰老，水洲的蕙草半已枯凋(diao)，满眼衰败的红花绿叶。楚乡(xiang)作客，登高望远，正逢这样的暮秋天(tian)气。传来了稀疏的捣衣声，断断续续回响在残阳里。面(mian)对这傍晚景象，我悲伤怀抱，思念远人，新愁和旧恨，接连涌起。
风回：指风向转为顺风。见到故乡旧友不禁感动得掉下泪来，亲(qin)手拉他进屋，擦干眼泪我们聊起了我离别家乡后彼此的境况。
道流(liu)：道家之学。垂吊在空中的蛛丝冉冉飘动花枝静谧，远远的看见白鸟从石板路上面飞过。
眼大：眼眶子高了，瞧不起人。它只是怕开花落在群芳之后，到那时，人们游春的意兴索然，再也没有人特别注意地观赏它了。
230、得：得官。

　　“三月无雨旱风起，麦苗不秀多黄死。九月降霜秋早寒，禾穗未熟皆青乾。”三月无雨，并不是指的农历三月整整一个月不下雨，而是说从808年冬天到第二年春天连续三个月没有下雪和下雨。据史料记载，这一年直到闰三月才下了一场像样的雨，为此，白居易还专门写了一首《贺雨》诗表达他当时喜悦的心情。在靠天吃饭的日子里，长安市郊的“《杜陵叟》白居易 古诗”去年秋天辛辛苦苦播下的冬小麦，从下种到返青就没有一滴雨水的滋润，结果还没有到秀穗的时候大多已经干黄枯死了。夏粮既然没有收成，只有指望秋粮了，可是农民们万万没有想到，秋天九月一场早来的霜降，却使得“《杜陵叟》白居易 古诗”可怜的愿望又一次成为了泡影，地里的秋庄稼还没有成熟就都被冻死而干枯了。两季粮食几乎颗粒无收，这就是白居易在序中所交待的“农夫之困”，也是“天灾之困”。
　　这是一首叙事诗，描写的是跟随刺史崔敏自郊外回来应邀造访居住在城郊的卢少府一事。诗用白描手法，描写了几个生动场景，形象地描绘了楚南的朴实民风，体现了诗人“民利民自利”的社会观，表达了诗人谪居南荒悲愤而凄凉的心境。
　　2、语语转，笔笔转，千秋绝调。（同上，引沈德潜语）；
　　“独有凤池上客，阳春一曲和皆难。”诗的结尾，响应贾至的倡议：唯有身居凤池的中书省贾舍人，你这一曲高雅的阳春自雪和起来实在困难。说和诗难，倒不仅仅是出于对贾至的恭维，或是表现自己的谦逊，这“难”字确实流露出岑参内心的真实感受。一同和诗的王维、杜甫，都是久负盛名的大诗人，与之同和一诗确实不易。王维久任朝官，写起宫廷唱和诗来简直是轻车熟路；杜甫做诗刻苦，语不惊人死不休，又尤长于律诗。诗友在某种意义上又是诗敌，同和一诗实寓有一较短长之意，因此在这场高水平的竞赛中若无高超的手段是根本不可能争先的。后人在评价这组唱和诗时多以岑参此诗为最佳，其致胜之诀不外乎下列三点：
　　最后两句“若在秦楼畔，堪为弄玉媒”，假设《梅》杜牧 古诗花长在秦楼的旁边，它完全可以以自己的美做弄玉的大媒人，而不会为他人所见笑的。这两句进一步突出《梅》杜牧 古诗花的美。
　　诗题“望梅楼”却不先写楼，而从楼所踞的城池写起。镇江古有“铁瓮城”之称，米芾使用了这个古称，又写这“铁瓮”矗立“云间”，邻近青天。旧传《望海楼》米芾 古诗是镇江城中最高处，对城池如此称谓、如此描绘，是为了《望海楼》米芾 古诗铺设高接云端又富有雄奇之概的地理环境。于是第二句开始写楼。“楼”而能“飞”，是形容楼高如同凌空架构，又是形容楼檐上翘，楼体大有飞腾之势。一个“飞”字，既是实际描写，又有夸张意味，这显然是从《诗经·小雅·斯干》“如翠斯飞”句意化中。“缥缈”写出了云烟缭绕中的飞楼与天相连，殆如仙境。首联二句是诗人白远方对《望海楼》米芾 古诗的仰视，坚如铁瓮的城池是楼的根基，无垠的天宇是楼的背景，描写《望海楼》米芾 古诗的高峻奇伟。
　　诗的后十句为第二段。头两句照应开端，深化诗意。桃李既然是专在追求青春，应青春而显美容。那么有人能赊取太阳，使其不动，青春不是永在吗？“谁”字有疑问之情，本是不能之事，设想其能，从幻想中慰勉自己，从幻境中享受快感，从而减轻了心里压力，从困境得到解脱。然而幻想是暂时的，当其转化为现实之时，也就从狂热转化为冷静，用理智滤取生活的轨迹，明确是非与得失，于是铸成“富贵与神仙，蹉跎两相失”的痛定思痛的诗句。对于自己的言行作出了新的判断，知昨日之非。追求富贵功名，神仙长生，这是统治阶级的享乐意识和人生价值观。当了官是实现人生价值的标志，自然富而且贵。于此又滋生长生不死的幻想和妄求，目的永远保持自己的权贵地位与富裕的生活条件，名与利两收。求官不得则游仙，表示超然物外，清高自恃，平等官吏，也能获得美名。可在唐代它又是作官的终南捷径，初盛唐的封建士人多通此径。李白亦不例外，拜谒官吏，寻访名山高僧仙师，获取功名富贵。于今两相失败，一事无成，虚度年华，悔恨不及，再次跌入痛苦的深渊之中。进而想到古人曾说的“人生非金石，”“寿无金石固，岂能长寿考”，于是发展成为“金石犹销铄，风霜无久质”。就算人生如金石之固，可金石在长久的风霜侵袭与磨蚀之下，也会使完整之体粉碎为沙砾，更不用说人又不是金石。春之桃李、草木、清泉等也自然难以保持它们春日美姿了。言外之意，人不能长生，其功名富贵就要及早得到，否则就有得不到危险；既或得到了也难以长存。所以古人求仕的经验，“早据要路津”，实现竹帛留名的人生价值。表面上看这两句与前两句无关，然而它是似断实连，是对游仙长生的否定。诗意的发展，感情跳荡，思潮起伏的写照，因而表现为诗句的跳跃性，留给人们以悬念，追求究竟，诱人深入，弄得水落石出。当其悔恨昨非之时，必然改弦更张，作出新的抉择，“畏落日月后，强欢歌与酒。”及时行乐，纵情歌唱，酣饮消忧。否则就要落在时间的后面，衰朽之躯，想行乐也不可能了，空空地走向死亡世界，白活了一生。一个“强欢”，透露出其内心曲隐之愁情，是不情愿地造作欢情，是无欢心地造作欢情，是借歌与酒消解胸中愁情，是一时的麻醉。这种有意识麻醉自己是心灵更痛苦的表现，这是李白艺术上超常的表现，发人人所感而尚未意识到的内心深曲。这是大家路数，而非小家捉襟见肘的手法。然而，就是这一点强作排解的自我克制的希望，也难以达到与满足，痛心地写下了结尾诗句：“秋霜不惜人，倏忽侵蒲柳。”严酷的秋霜从无仁爱之心，萧杀万物，于人也无所惜，突然间降临，侵害蒲柳之姿。蒲柳为草木之名，体柔弱而经不起风霜，经霜而枯枝败叶，苦无生机。这里是用典，《世说新语》记载，顾悦与梁简文帝同岁，而顾发早白。简文帝问顾“卿何以先白？”顾答：“蒲柳之姿，望秋而落；松柏之姿，经霜弥茂。”蒲柳之姿是顾自指，松柏之姿喻简文帝。李白用此典切合自己身份，微贱之躯，经不得风霜摧残。秋霜这里既是自然的威力，同时又是象征邪恶的政治势力的残酷打击。以不可抗御的力量打击毫无准备的柔弱微贱之躯，其结果不言自明。结句不仅含蕴丰厚，而感情也至痛。令人不平，催人泪下。真是可以称作长歌当哭之作。