笑脸含春，粉脂融淡霞红晕，立东风无限精神。宝钗横，金凤小，绿铺云鬓，眉月斜痕，眼横波不禁春困。【醉春风】步锦袜蹙金莲，拭罗衫舒玉笋。常言道名花解语亦倾城，这话儿敢准？准？恰便似落雁沉鱼，羞花闭月，香娇玉嫩。【红绣鞋】歌扇掩胭脂红褪，舞衣飘兰麝香温，冰丝细织帕罗新。翠裙鹦鹉绿，绣带凤凰纹，玉铺胡蝶粉。【普天乐】一见了引人魂，再见了消人闷。急追陪金杯错落，莫辜负翠袖殷勤。觑一觑万种娇，笑一笑千金俊，手撒红牙流歌韵，坠梁尘遏住行云。肠断也苏州刺史，心坚也薄东倦客，情迷也洛浦行人。【上小楼】说甚么芳卿性纯，秋娘丰韵。多应他懒住蟾宫，潜下仙阶，谪降凡尘。翡翠屏，锦绣ブ，包藏春信，培养出娇滴滴人身分。【么篇】也不索莺儿探春，宾鸿传信，凭着这采笔题情，粉脸留香，索强如织锦回纹。酒半醺，粉半匀，把情郎低问：他比那海棠花更多淹润？【耍孩儿】玳筵开一派笙歌引，簇拥着一个娉婷玉人。舞纤腰憔瘦不胜春，美孜孜笑脸温存。也宜教画栏干遮护着琼花蕊，锦帐幕周围着玉树春。酒捧着金波酝，受用杀银筝象板，风流杀翠袖红裙。【尾声】轻声度艳歌，淡妆凝素粉。东风满地残红褪，一刻千金意不肯。溪南种田溪北住，屋东栽桑屋西树。阿翁八十不出户，长男踏车妇织布。大女送饭小络纱，幼男放牛未还家。年年纳得官家足，箧有馀布甑有粟。田家古来多苦辛，饱煖各自全一身。我愿子孙亲{亩犬}亩，终身不识离乡苦。月日，居易白。微之足下：自足下谪江陵至于今，凡枉赠答诗仅百篇。每诗来，或辱序，或辱书，冠于卷首，皆所以陈古今歌诗之义，且自叙为文因缘，与年月之远近也。仆既受足下诗，又谕足下此意，常欲承答来旨，粗论歌诗大端，并自述为文之意，总为一书，致足下前。累岁已来，牵故少暇，间有容隙，或欲为之；又自思所陈，亦无出足下之见；临纸复罢者数四，卒不能成就其志，以至于今。今俟罪浔阳，除盥栉食寝外无余事，因览足下去通州日所留新旧文二十六轴，开卷得意，忽如会面，心所畜者，便欲快言，往往自疑，不知相去万里也。既而愤悱之气，思有所浊，遂追就前志，勉为此书，足下幸试为仆留意一省。夫文，尚矣，三才各有文。天之文三光首之；地之文五材首之；人之文《六经》首之。就《六经》言，《诗》又首之。何者？圣人感人心而天下和平。感人心者，莫先乎情，莫始乎言，莫切乎声，莫深乎义。诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。上自圣贤，下至愚騃，微及豚鱼，幽及鬼神。群分而气同，形异而情一。未有声入而不应、情交而不感者。圣人知其然，因其言，经之以六义；缘其声，纬之以五音。音有韵，义有类。韵协则言顺，言顺则声易入；类举则情见，情见则感易交。于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。五帝三皇所以直道而行、垂拱而理者，揭此以为大柄，决此以为大窦也。故闻“元首明，股肱良”之歌，则知虞道昌矣。闻五子洛汭之歌，则知夏政荒矣。言者无罪，闻者足诫，言者闻者莫不两尽其心焉。洎周衰秦兴，采诗官废，上不以诗补察时政，下不以歌泄导人情。用至于谄成之风动，救失之道缺。于时六义始剚矣。《国风》变为《骚辞》，五言始于苏、李。《诗》、《骚》皆不遇者，各系其志，发而为文。故河梁之句，止于伤别；泽畔之吟，归于怨思。彷徨抑郁，不暇及他耳。然去《诗》未远，梗概尚存。故兴离别则引双凫一雁为喻，讽君子小人则引香草恶鸟为比。虽义类不具，犹得风人之什二三焉。于时六义始缺矣。晋、宋已还，得者盖寡。以康乐之奥博，多溺于山水；以渊明之高古，偏放于田园。江、鲍之流，又狭于此。如梁鸿《五噫》之例者，百无一二。于时六义浸微矣！陵夷至于梁、陈间，率不过嘲风雪、弄花草而已。噫！风雪花草之物，三百篇中岂舍之乎？顾所用何如耳。设如“北风其凉”，假风以刺威虐；“雨雪霏霏”，因雪以愍征役；“棠棣之华”，感华以讽兄弟；“采采芣苡”，美草以乐有子也。皆兴发于此而义归于彼。反是者，可乎哉！然则“余霞散成绮，澄江净如练”，“归花先委露，别叶乍辞风”之什，丽则丽矣，吾不知其所讽焉。故仆所谓嘲风雪、弄花草而已。于时六义尽去矣。唐兴二百年，其间诗人不可胜数。所可举者，陈子昂有《感遇诗》二十首，鲍防《感兴诗》十五篇。又诗之豪者，世称李、杜。李之作，才矣！奇矣！人不迨矣！索其风雅比兴，十无一焉。杜诗最多，可传者千余首。至于贯穿古今，覙缕格律，尽工尽善，又过于李焉。然撮其《新安》、《石壕》、《潼关吏》、《芦子关》、《花门》之章，“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”之句，亦不过十三四。杜尚如此，况不迨杜者乎？仆常痛诗道崩坏，忽忽愤发，或废食辍寝，不量才力，欲扶起之。嗟乎！事有大谬者，又不可一二而言，然亦不能不粗陈于左右。仆始生六七月时，乳母抱弄于书屏下，有指“之”字、“无”字示仆者，仆口未能言，心已默识。后有问此二字者，虽百十其试，而指之不差。则知仆宿习之缘，已在文字中矣。及五六岁，便学为诗。九岁谙识声韵。十五六，始知有进士，苦节读书。二十已来，昼课赋，夜课书，间又课诗，不遑寝息矣。以至于口舌成疮，手肘成胝。既壮而肤革不丰盈，未老而齿发早衰白；瞀瞀然如飞蝇垂珠在眸子中者，动以万数，盖以苦学力文之所致，又自悲。家贫多故，二十七方从乡赋。既第之后，虽专于科试，亦不废诗。及授校书郎时，已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下辈，见皆谓之工，其实未窥作者之域耳。自登朝来，年齿渐长，阅事渐多。每与人言，多询时务；每读书史，多求理道。始知文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。是时皇帝初即位，宰府有正人，屡降玺书，访人急病。仆当此日，擢在翰林，身是谏官，月请谏纸。启奏之间，有可以救济人病，裨补时阙，而难于指言者，辄咏歌之，欲稍稍进闻于上。上以广宸听，副忧勤；次以酬恩奖，塞言责；下以复吾平生之志。岂图志未就而悔已生，言未闻而谤已成矣！又请为左右终言之。凡闻仆《贺雨诗》，众口籍籍，以为非宜矣；闻仆《哭孔戡诗》，众面脉脉，尽不悦矣；闻《秦中吟》，则权豪贵近者，相目而变色矣；闻《登乐游园》寄足下诗，则执政柄者扼腕矣；闻《宿紫阁村》诗，则握军要者切齿矣！大率如此，不可遍举。不相与者，号为沽誉，号为诋讦，号为讪谤。苟相与者，则如牛僧孺之诫焉。乃至骨肉妻孥，皆以我为非也。其不我非者，举世不过三两人。有邓鲂者，见仆诗而喜，无何鲂死。有唐衢者，见仆诗而泣，未几而衢死。其余即足下。足下又十年来困踬若此。呜唿！岂六义四始之风，天将破坏，不可支持耶？抑又不知天意不欲使下人病苦闻于上耶？不然，何有志于诗者，不利若此之甚也！然仆又自思关东一男子耳，除读书属文外，其他懵然无知，乃至书画棋博，可以接群居之欢者，一无通晓，即其愚拙可知矣！初应进士时，中朝无缌麻之亲，达官无半面之旧；策蹇步于利足之途，张空拳于战文之场。十年之间，三登科第，名落众耳，迹升清贯，出交贤俊，入侍冕旒。始得名于文章，终得罪于文章，亦其宜也。日者闻亲友间说，礼、吏部举选人，多以仆私试赋判为准的。其余诗句，亦往往在人口中。仆恧然自愧，不之信也。及再来长安，又闻有军使高霞寓者，欲聘倡妓，妓大夸曰：“我诵得白学士《长恨歌》，岂同他哉？”由是增价。又足下书云：到通州日，见江馆柱间有题仆诗者。何人哉？又昨过汉南日，适遇主人集众娱乐，他宾诸妓见仆来，指而相顾曰：此是《秦中吟》、《长恨歌》主耳。自长安抵江西三四千里，凡乡校、佛寺、逆旅、行舟之中，往往有题仆诗者；士庶、僧徒、孀妇、处女之口，每有咏仆诗者。此诚雕篆之戏，不足为多，然今时俗所重，正在此耳。虽前贤如渊、云者，前辈如李、杜者，亦未能忘情于其间。古人云：“名者公器，不可多取。”仆是何者，窃时之名已多。既窃时名，又欲窃时之富贵，使己为造物者，肯兼与之乎？今之屯穷，理固然也。况诗人多蹇，如陈子昂、杜甫，各授一拾遗，而屯剥至死。孟浩然辈不及一命，穷悴终身。近日孟郊六十，终试协律；张籍五十，未离一太祝。彼何人哉！况仆之才又不迨彼。今虽谪佐远郡，而官品至第五，月俸四五万，寒有衣，饥有食，给身之外，施及家人。亦可谓不负白氏子矣。微之，微之！勿念我哉！仆数月来，检讨囊帙中，得新旧诗，各以类分，分为卷目。自拾遗来，凡所遇所感，关于美刺兴比者；又自武德至元和，因事立题，题为“新乐府”者，共一百五十首，谓之讽谕诗。又或退公独处，或移动病闲居，知足保和，吟玩性情者一百首，谓之”闲适诗“。又有事物牵于外，情理动于内，随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首，谓之”感伤诗“。又有五言、七言、长句、绝句，自一百韵至两百韵者四百余首，谓之”杂律诗“。凡为十五卷，约八百首。异时相见，当尽致于执事。微之，古人云：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。”仆虽不肖，常师此语。大丈夫所守者道，所待者时。时之来也，为云龙，为风鹏，勃然突然，陈力以出；时之不来也，为雾豹，为冥鸿，寂兮寥兮，奉身而退。进退出处，何往而不自得哉！故仆志在兼济，行在独善，奉而始终之则为道，言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗，兼济之志也；谓之闲适诗，独善之义也。故览仆诗者，知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗，或诱于一时一物，发于一笑一吟，率然成章，非平生所尚者，但以亲朋合散之际，取其释恨佐欢，今铨次之间，未能删去。他时有为我编集斯文者，略之可也。微之，夫贵耳贱目，荣古陋今，人之大情也。仆不能远征古旧，如近岁韦苏州歌行，才丽之外，颇近兴讽；其五言诗，又高雅闲淡，自成一家之体，今之秉笔者谁能及之？然当苏州在时，人亦未甚爱重，必待身后，人始贵之。今仆之诗，人所爱者，悉不过杂律诗与《长恨歌》已下耳。时之所重，仆之所轻。至于讽谕者，意激而言质；闲适者，思澹而辞迂。以质合迂，宜人之不爱也。今所爱者，并世而生，独足下耳。然百千年后，安知复无如足下者出，而知爱我诗哉？故自八九年来，与足下小通则以诗相戒，小穷则以诗相勉，索居则以诗相慰，同处则以诗相娱。知吾罪吾，率以诗也。如今年春游城南时，与足下马上相戏，因各诵新艳小律，不杂他篇，自皇子陂归昭国里，迭吟递唱，不绝声者二十里余。攀、李在傍，无所措口。知我者以为诗仙，不知我者以为诗魔。何则？劳心灵，役声气，连朝接夕，不自知其苦，非魔而何？偶同人当美景，或花时宴罢，或月夜酒酣，一咏一吟，不觉老之将至。虽骖鸾鹤、游蓬瀛者之适，无以加于此焉，又非仙而何？微之，微之！此吾所以与足下外形骸、脱踪迹、傲轩鼎、轻人寰者，又以此也。当此之时，足下兴有余力，且欲与仆悉索还往中诗，取其尤长者，如张十八古乐府，李二十新歌行，卢、杨二秘书律诗，窦七、元八绝句，博搜精掇，编而次之，号为《元白往还集》。众君子得拟议于此者，莫不踊跃欣喜，以为盛事。嗟乎！言未终而足下左转，不数月而仆又继行，心期索然，何日成就？又可为之太息矣！仆常语足下，凡人为文，私于自是，不忍于割截，或失于繁多。其间妍媸，益又自惑。必待交友有公鉴无姑息者，讨论而削夺之，然后繁简当否，得其中矣。况仆与足下，为文尤患其多。己尚病，况他人乎？今且各纂诗笔，粗为卷第，待与足下相见日，各出所有，终前志焉。又不知相遇是何年，相见是何地，溘然而至，则如之何？微之知我心哉！浔阳腊月，江风苦寒，岁暮鲜欢，夜长少睡。引笔铺纸，悄然灯前，有念则书，言无铨次。勿以繁杂为倦，且以代一夕之话言也。居易自叙如此，文士以为信然。森画戟，谩符竹。舞袖短，辕驹局。惟茧丝堡障，医疮剜肉。节对开炉应去也，钗头又有长生箓。算归程、恐到荔枝乡，已过熟。家事因吟失，时情碍国亲。多应衔恨骨，千古不为尘。暖云无力度邻墙，风袅游丝拂地长。深院独眠淹病酒，袷罗初试浅熏香。新巢燕子来如约，未谢梨花待洗妆。绿草满池春欲去，几随诗梦到君傍。卧枕着床染病疾，梦断魂劳怕饮食。不索请名医，沉吟了半日，这证候儿敢跷蹊。【幺】参的寒来恰禁起，忽的浑身如火气逼。厌的皱了双眉。豁的一会价精细，烘的半晌又昏迷。【煞尾】减精神，添憔悴，把我这瘦损庞儿整理。对着那镜儿里容颜不认得，呆答孩转转猜疑。瘦腰围，宽尽罗衣，一日有两三次频将带缋儿移。觑了这淹尖病体，比东阳无异，不似俺害相思出落与外人知。只为多情忒俊雅，月下星前拖逗煞。掩映着牡丹花，潜潜等等，不见劣冤家。【幺】今夜相逢打骂咱，忽见人来敢是他。只恐有争差，咨咨认了，正是那娇娃。【煞尾】悄悄吁，低低话，厮抽抒粘粘掐掐。终是女儿家不惯耍，庞儿不甚挣达。透轻纱，双乳似白牙。插入胸前紧紧拿，光油油腻滑。颤巍巍拿罢，至今犹自手儿麻。春夜深沉庭院幽，偷访吹箫鸾凤友。良月过南楼，昨宵许俺，今夜结绸缪。【幺】两处相思一样愁，及至相逢却害羞。则是性儿柔，百般哀告，腼腆不抬头。【煞尾】你温柔，咱清秀，本是一对儿风流配偶。咫尺相逢说上手，紧推辞不肯成头。又不敢久迟留，只怕奶母追求。料想伊家不自由，空耽着闷忧。虚陪了消瘦，不承望刚做了个口儿休。凭高快醉目。翠拂遥峰相对簇。千丈涟漪泻谷。爱溶漾坠红，染波芬馥。何人笑掬。想温泉、初卸绡彀。春风荡，六宫丽质，那日赐汤沐。得势侵吞远，乘危打劫赢。有时逢敌手，当局到深更。明月出沧海，我家沧海东。独怜今夜见，犹与故乡同。丧乱山河改，流亡邑里空。相思祗垂泪，顾影愧归鸿。

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jian ri .ge chu suo you .zhong qian zhi yan .you bu zhi xiang yu shi he nian .xiang jian shi he di .ke ran er zhi .ze ru zhi he .wei zhi zhi wo xin zai .xun yang la yue .jiang feng ku han .sui mu xian huan .ye chang shao shui .yin bi pu zhi .qiao ran deng qian .you nian ze shu .yan wu quan ci .wu yi fan za wei juan .qie yi dai yi xi zhi hua yan ye .ju yi zi xu ru ci .wen shi yi wei xin ran .sen hua ji .man fu zhu .wu xiu duan .yuan ju ju .wei jian si bao zhang .yi chuang wan rou .jie dui kai lu ying qu ye .cha tou you you chang sheng lu .suan gui cheng .kong dao li zhi xiang .yi guo shu .jia shi yin yin shi .shi qing ai guo qin .duo ying xian hen gu .qian gu bu wei chen .nuan yun wu li du lin qiang .feng niao you si fu di chang .shen yuan du mian yan bing jiu .jia luo chu shi qian xun xiang .xin chao yan zi lai ru yue .wei xie li hua dai xi zhuang .lv cao man chi chun yu qu .ji sui shi meng dao jun bang .wo zhen zhuo chuang ran bing ji .meng duan hun lao pa yin shi .bu suo qing ming yi .chen yin liao ban ri .zhe zheng hou er gan qiao qi ..yao .can de han lai qia jin qi .hu de hun shen ru huo qi bi .yan de zhou liao shuang mei .huo de yi hui jia jing xi .hong de ban shang you hun mi ..sha wei .jian jing shen .tian qiao cui .ba wo zhe shou sun pang er zheng li .dui zhuo na jing er li rong yan bu ren de .dai da hai zhuan zhuan cai yi .shou yao wei .kuan jin luo yi .yi ri you liang san ci pin jiang dai hui er yi .qu liao zhe yan jian bing ti .bi dong yang wu yi .bu si an hai xiang si chu luo yu wai ren zhi .zhi wei duo qing te jun ya .yue xia xing qian tuo dou sha .yan ying zhuo mu dan hua .qian qian deng deng .bu jian lie yuan jia ..yao .jin ye xiang feng da ma zan .hu jian ren lai gan shi ta .zhi kong you zheng cha .zi zi ren liao .zheng shi na jiao wa ..sha wei .qiao qiao yu .di di hua .si chou shu zhan zhan qia qia .zhong shi nv er jia bu guan shua .pang er bu shen zheng da .tou qing sha .shuang ru si bai ya .cha ru xiong qian jin jin na .guang you you ni hua .chan wei wei na ba .zhi jin you zi shou er ma .chun ye shen chen ting yuan you .tou fang chui xiao luan feng you .liang yue guo nan lou .zuo xiao xu an .jin ye jie chou miu ..yao .liang chu xiang si yi yang chou .ji zhi xiang feng que hai xiu .ze shi xing er rou .bai ban ai gao .mian tian bu tai tou ..sha wei .ni wen rou .zan qing xiu .ben shi yi dui er feng liu pei ou .zhi chi xiang feng shuo shang shou .jin tui ci bu ken cheng tou .you bu gan jiu chi liu .zhi pa nai mu zhui qiu .liao xiang yi jia bu zi you .kong dan zhuo men you .xu pei liao xiao shou .bu cheng wang gang zuo liao ge kou er xiu .ping gao kuai zui mu .cui fu yao feng xiang dui cu .qian zhang lian yi xie gu .ai rong yang zhui hong .ran bo fen fu .he ren xiao ju .xiang wen quan .chu xie xiao gou .chun feng dang .liu gong li zhi .na ri ci tang mu .de shi qin tun yuan .cheng wei da jie ying .you shi feng di shou .dang ju dao shen geng .ming yue chu cang hai .wo jia cang hai dong .du lian jin ye jian .you yu gu xiang tong .sang luan shan he gai .liu wang yi li kong .xiang si zhi chui lei .gu ying kui gui hong .

天色已晚，湖光返照，细细的雨丝飘进南窗。
87.怊（chao1超）怅：惆怅。冀：希望。互看白刃乱飞舞夹杂鲜血纷飞，从来死节为报国难道还求著功勋？
23.反：通“返”，返回。记得在(zai)瓜州渡(du)痛击金兵， 雪夜里飞奔着楼船战舰。秋风中跨战马纵横驰骋， 收复了大散关捷报频传。
⑷晋代：指东晋，南渡后也建都于金陵。衣冠：指的是东晋文学家郭璞的衣冠冢。现今仍在南京玄武湖公园内。一说指当时豪门世族。衣冠，士大夫的穿戴，借指士大夫、官绅。成古丘：晋明帝当年为郭璞修建的衣冠冢豪华一时，然而到了唐朝诗人来看的时候，已经成为一个(ge)丘壑了。现今这里被称为郭璞墩，位于南京玄武湖公园内可(ke)惜却像城(cheng)墙树上的乌鸦孤独的鸣叫。
畏人：言客子力单，怕被他人所欺。喧阗的鼓声响遏行云星辰闪动，拂浪旌旗招展水中日月影漂浮。
①孤:王侯的自谦之词。有大志于齐:要攻打齐国,北上称霸。宋国（今商丘）有一个养猕猴的老人，他很喜欢猕猴，养的猕猴成群，他能懂得猕猴们的心意，猕猴们懂得那个人的心意。那位老人因此减少了他全家的口粮，来满足猕猴们的欲望。但是不久，家里缺乏食物了，他将要限制猕猴们的食物，但又怕猕猴们生气不听从自己，就(jiu)先骗猕猴们：“我给你们的橡树果实，早上三颗(ke)，晚上四颗，这样够吗？”众多猕猴一听很生气，都跳了起来。过了一会儿，他又说：“我给你们的橡树果实，早上四颗，晚上三颗，这样足够吗？”猕猴们听后都很开心地趴下，都很高兴对那老人服服帖帖的了。
4.定：此处为衬字。慈恩寺塔高超出穹庐似的青天之外，强劲的风吹得没有休止的时候。假若没有心胸开阔之人的胸怀，登上此楼反而会触景生情，生出许多忧愁。
虹雨：初夏时节的雨。据说飞到大庾岭，它们就全部折回。
数：屡次，频繁。以上二句是说，针刺和药物虽然痛于肤，苦于口，因其是治病的，可以常常忍受，愁思连续不断(duan)却难以忍受。

　　魏晋之际，天下多故，政治严酷，名士多有生命之忧。自古以来困扰着人们的生命倏忽如逝水的忧虑更迫切地摆在人们的面前。面对人生短暂之忧，吃药求仙者有之，以扩展生命时间之长度；疯狂享乐者有之，以增加有限生命的密度。这几乎已成了当时士大夫企图摆脱生命之忧的两种基本生活态度。但是，在诗人阮籍看来，这两种消极的人生态度并不能从本质上超越人生的短暂，所以，《咏怀诗》中虽有大量忧生之嗟的作品，也有表现如何超越人生短暂的积极态度，提出不同于以上两种生活态度的积极主张的作品，这就是《咏怀诗》第三十八首《咏怀·炎光延万里》、第三十九首《咏怀·壮士何慷慨》两首诗。它们抒发了诗人欲建功立名、兼济天下的豪情壮志，以为只有功名和事业才能摆脱人生的荣枯，只有忠义和气节才能流令名于千古，从根本上超越生命之短暂。
　　诗的前半部着重塑造了飞将军李广的形象，以李广来代指当时的征战将士，采取了虚中有实，实中有虚的写法，既是赞扬汉代名将李广的业绩，又是当时征战将士生活的写照。把历史和现实揉合在一起。
　　题目是“月下独酌”，诗人运用丰富的想象，表现出一种由独而不独，由不独而独，再由独而不独的复杂情感。表面看来，诗人真能自得其乐，可是背面却有无限的凄凉。诗人曾有一首《春日醉起言志》的诗：“处世若大梦，胡为劳其生？所以终日醉，颓然卧前楹。觉来盼庭前，一鸟花间鸣。借问此何时，春风语流莺。感之欲叹息，对酒还自倾。浩歌待明月，曲尽已忘情。”其中“一鸟”、“自倾”、“待明月”等字眼，表现了诗人难以排解的孤独。孤独到了邀月与影那还不算，甚至于以后的岁月，也休想找到共饮之人，所以只能与月光身影永远结游，并且相约在那邈远的上天仙境再见。结尾两句，点尽了诗人孤独、冷清的感受。
　　从开始到“欲有求于我也”是第一部分，写邹忌从妻、妾、客三人都谬赞自己比城北徐公还美这件事悟出一个深刻的道理。这一段的第一层，写邹忌之美。先说明邹忌是个高大美丽的男子，再通过三问三答，从妻、妾、客三个人异口同声的回答中印证了邹忌的美丽，而且比齐国的美男子徐公更美。然后在这一段的第二层，记叙邹忌和徐公实地比较的情况。邹忌深信：“城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。”因此在比美中颇有自知之明，他怀疑妻、妾、客同声肯定他比徐公美是一种阿谀。他要从客观现实中找到正确的答案。通过“孰视”“窥镜”，终于发现自己远远不如徐公，于是引起他的深思。夜深人静，独自思忖，最后悟出妻、妾、门客阿谀自己的原因：凡对自己有偏私，有所畏惧，或者有所企求的人，在自己面前只会说些献媚讨好的假话，不会指出自己的缺点。这一段文字虽然不多，但用了铺陈和对比的手法，最后点明道理，是一则情节非常生动的故事。
　　这组绝句写在杜甫寓居成都草堂的第二年，即代宗上元二年（761）。题作“漫兴”，有兴之所到随手写出之意。不求写尽，不求写全，也不是同一时成之。从九首诗的内容看，当为由春至夏相率写出，亦有次第可寻。