楚太子有疾，而吴客往问之，曰：“伏闻太子玉体不安，亦少间乎？”太子曰：“惫！谨谢客。”客因称曰：“今时天下安宁，四宇和平，太子方富于年。意者久耽安乐，日夜无极，邪气袭逆，中若结轖。纷屯澹淡，嘘唏烦酲，惕惕憷憷，卧不得瞑。虚中重听，恶闻人声，精神越渫，百病咸生。聪明眩曜，悦怒不平。久执不废，大命乃倾。太子岂有是乎？”太子曰：“谨谢客。赖君之力，时时有之，然未至于是也”。”客曰：“今夫贵人之子，必宫居而闺处，内有保母，外有傅父，欲交无所。饮食则温淳甘膬，脭醲肥厚；衣裳则杂沓曼暖，燂烁热暑。虽有金石之坚，犹将销铄而挺解也，况其在筋骨之间乎哉？故曰：纵耳目之欲，恣支体之安者，伤血脉之和。且夫出舆入辇，命曰蹶痿之机；洞房清官，命曰寒热之媒；皓齿蛾眉，命曰伐性之斧；甘脆肥脓，命曰腐肠之药。今太子肤色靡曼，四支委随，筋骨挺解，血脉淫濯，手足堕窳；越女侍前，齐姬奉后；往来游醼，纵恣于曲房隐间之中。此甘餐毒药，戏勐兽之爪牙也。所从来者至深远，淹滞永久而不废，虽令扁鹊治内，巫咸治外，尚何及哉！今如太子之病者，独宜世之君子，博见强识，承间语事，变度易意，常无离侧，以为羽翼。淹沈之乐，浩唐之心，遁佚之志，其奚由至哉！’’太子曰：“诺。病已，请事此言。”客曰：“今太子之病，可无药石针刺灸疗而已，可以要言妙道说而去也。不欲闻之乎？”太子曰：“仆愿闻之。”客曰：“龙门之桐，高百尺而无枝。中郁结之轮菌，根扶疏以分离。上有千仞之峰，下临百丈之溪。湍流遡波，又澹淡之。其根半死半生。冬则烈风漂霰、飞雪之所激也，夏则霄霆、霹雳之所感也。朝则鹂黄、鳱鴠鸣焉，暮则羁雌、迷鸟宿焉。独鹄晨号乎其上，鹍鸡哀鸣翔乎其下。于是背秋涉冬，使琴挚斫斩以为琴，野茧之丝以为弦，孤子之钩以为隐，九寡之珥以为约。使师堂操《畅》，伯子牙为之歌。歌曰：‘麦秀蔪兮雉朝飞，向虚壑兮背藁槐，依绝区兮临回溪。’飞鸟闻之，翕翼而不能去；野兽闻之，垂耳而不能行；蚑、蟜、蝼、蚁闻之，柱喙而不能前。此亦天下之至悲也，太子能强起听之乎？”太子曰：“仆病未能也。”客曰：“犓牛之腴，菜以笋蒲。肥狗之和，冒以山肤。楚苗之食，安胡之飰，抟之不解，一啜而散。于是使伊尹煎熬，易牙调和。熊蹯之胹，芍药之酱。薄耆之炙，鲜鲤之鲙。秋黄之苏，白露之茹。兰英之酒，酌以涤口。山梁之餐，豢豹之胎。小飰大歠，如汤沃雪。此亦天下之至美也，太子能强起尝之乎？”太子曰：“仆病未能也。”客曰：“钟、岱之牡，齿至之车，前似飞鸟，后类距虚。穱麦服处，躁中烦外。羁坚辔，附易路。于是伯乐相其前后，王良、造父为之御，秦缺、楼季为之右。此两人者，马佚能止之，车覆能起之。于是使射千镒之重，争千里之逐。此亦天下之至骏也，太子能强起乘之乎？”太子曰：“仆病未能也。”客曰：“既登景夷之台，南望荆山，北望汝海，左江右湖，其乐无有。于是使博辩之士，原本山川，极命草木，比物属事，离辞连类。浮游览观，乃下置酒于虞杯之宫。连廊四注，台城层构，纷纭玄绿。辇道邪交，黄池纡曲。溷章、白鹭，孔鸟、鹍鹄，鹓雏、鵁鶄，翠鬣紫缨。螭龙、德牧，邕邕群鸣。阳鱼腾跃，奋翼振鳞。漃漻薵蓼，蔓草芳苓。女桑、河柳，素叶紫茎。苗松、豫章，条上造天。梧桐、并阊，极望成林。众芳芬郁，乱于五风。从容猗靡，消息阳阴。列坐纵酒，荡乐娱心。景春佐酒，杜连理音。滋味杂陈，肴糅错该。练色娱目，流声悦耳。于是乃发《激楚》之结风，扬郑、卫之皓乐。使先施、徵舒、阳文、段干、吴娃、闾娵、傅予之徒，杂裾垂髾，目窕心与。揄流波，杂杜若，蒙清尘，被兰泽，嬿服而御。此亦天下之靡丽、皓侈、广博之乐也，太子能强起游乎？太子曰：“仆病未能也。”客曰：“将为太子驯骐骥之马，驾飞軨之舆，乘牡骏之乘。右夏服之劲箭，左乌号之雕弓。游涉乎云林，周驰乎兰泽，弭节乎江浔。掩青苹，游清风。陶阳气，荡春心。逐狡兽，集轻禽。于是极犬马之才，困野兽之足，穷相御之智巧，恐虎豹，慴鸷鸟。逐马鸣镳，鱼跨麋角。履游麕兔，蹈践麖鹿，汗流沫坠，寃伏陵窘。无创而死者，固足充后乘矣。此校猎之至壮也，太子能强起游乎？”太子曰：“卜病未能也。”然阳气见于眉宇之间，侵淫而上，几满大宅。客见太子有悦色，遂推而进之曰：“冥火薄天，兵车雷运，旌旗偃蹇，羽毛肃纷。驰骋角逐，慕味争先。徼墨广博，观望之有圻；纯粹全牺，献之公门。太子曰：“善！愿复闻之。”客曰：“未既。于是榛林深泽，烟云闇莫，兕虎并作。毅武孔勐，袒裼身薄。白刃硙硙，矛戟交错。收获掌功，赏赐金帛。掩苹肆若，为牧人席。旨酒嘉肴，羞炰脍灸，以御宾客。涌觞并起，动心惊耳。诚不必悔，决绝以诺；贞信之色，形于金石。高歌陈唱，万岁无斁。此真太子之所喜也，能强起而游乎？”太子曰：“仆甚愿从，直恐为诸大夫累耳。”然而有起色矣。客曰：“将以八月之望，与诸侯远方交游兄弟，并往观涛乎广陵之曲江。至则未见涛之形也，徒观水力之所到，则恤然足以骇矣。观其所驾轶者，所擢拔者，所扬汩者，所温汾者，所涤汔者，虽有心略辞给，固未能缕形其所由然也。怳兮忽兮，聊兮栗兮，混汩汩兮，忽兮慌兮，俶兮傥兮，浩瀇瀁兮，慌旷旷兮。秉意乎南山，通望乎东海。虹洞兮苍天，极虑乎崖涘。流揽无穷，归神日母。汩乘流而下降兮，或不知其所止。或纷纭其流折兮，忽缪往而不来。临朱汜而远逝兮，中虚烦而益怠。莫离散而发曙兮，内存心而自持。于是澡概胸中，洒练五藏，澹澉手足，颒濯发齿。揄弃恬怠，输写淟浊，分决狐疑，发皇耳目。当是之时，虽有淹病滞疾，犹将伸伛起躄，发瞽披聋而观望之也，况直眇小烦懑，酲醲病酒之徒哉！故曰：发蒙解惑，不足以言也。”太子曰：“善，然则涛何气哉？”客曰：“不记也。然闻于师曰，似神而非者三：疾雷闻百里；江水逆流，海水上潮；山出内云，日夜不止。衍溢漂疾，波涌而涛起。其始起也，洪淋淋焉，若白鹭之下翔。其少进也，浩浩溰溰，如素车白马帷盖之张。其波涌而云乱，扰扰焉如三军之腾装。其旁作而奔起也，飘飘焉如轻车之勒兵。六驾蛟龙，附从太白。纯驰皓蜺，前后络绎。颙颙卬卬，椐椐强强，莘莘将将。壁垒重坚，沓杂似军行。訇隐匈磕，轧盘涌裔，原不可当。观其两旁，则滂渤怫郁，闇漠感突，上击下律，有似勇壮之卒，突怒而无畏。蹈壁冲津，穷曲随隈，逾岸出追。遇者死，当者坏。初发乎或围之津涯，荄轸谷分。回翔青篾，衔枚檀桓。弭节伍子之山，通厉骨母之场，凌赤岸，篲扶桑，横奔似雷行，诚奋厥武，如振如怒，沌沌浑浑，状如奔马。混混庉庉，声如雷鼓。发怒庢沓，清升逾跇，侯波奋振，合战于藉藉之口。鸟不及飞，鱼不及回，兽不及走。纷纷翼翼，波涌云乱，荡取南山，背击北岸。覆亏丘陵，平夷西畔。险险戏戏，崩坏陂池，决胜乃罢。瀄汩潺湲，披扬流洒。横暴之极，鱼鳖失势，颠倒偃侧，沋沋湲湲，蒲伏连延。神物恠疑，不可胜言。直使人踣焉，洄闇凄怆焉。此天下恠异诡观也，太子能强起观之乎？”太子曰：“仆病未能也。”客曰：“将为太子奏方术之士有资略者，若庄周、魏牟、杨朱、墨翟、便蜎、詹何之伦，使之论天下之精微，理万物之是非。孔、老览观，孟子筹之，万不失一。此亦天下要言妙道也，太子岂欲闻之乎？”于是太子据几而起，曰：“涣乎若一听圣人辩士之言。”涊然汗出，霍然病已。东风依旧，着意隋堤柳。搓得鹅儿黄欲就，天气清明时候。去年紫陌青门，今宵雨魄云魂。断送一生憔悴，能消几个黄昏！春山夜静，愁闻洞天疏磬。玉堂虚，细雾垂珠佩，轻烟曳翠裾。对花情脉脉，望月步徐徐。刘阮今何处？绝来书！纸屏石枕竹方床，手倦抛书午梦长。睡起莞然成独笑，数声渔笛在沧浪。粤中庄有恭，幼有神童之誉。家邻镇粤将军署，时为放风筝之戏，适落于将军署之内宅，庄直入索取。诸役以其幼而忽之，未及阻其前进。将军方与客弈，见其神格非凡，遽诘之曰：“童子何来？”庄以实对。将军曰：“汝曾读书否？曾属对否？”庄曰：“对，小事耳，何难之有！”将军曰：“能对几字？”庄曰：“一字能之，一百字亦能之。”将军以其方之大而夸也，因指厅事所张画幅而命之对曰：“旧画一堂，龙不吟，虎不啸，花不闻香鸟不叫，见此小子可笑可笑。”庄曰：“即此间一局棋，便可对矣。”应声云：“残棋半局，车无轮，马无鞍，炮无烟火卒无粮，喝声将军提防提防。”

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xia zhi jiu yu yu bei zhi gong .lian lang si zhu .tai cheng ceng gou .fen yun xuan lv .nian dao xie jiao .huang chi yu qu .hun zhang .bai lu .kong niao .kun gu .yuan chu .jiao jing .cui lie zi ying .chi long .de mu .yong yong qun ming .yang yu teng yue .fen yi zhen lin .ji liao chou liao .man cao fang ling .nv sang .he liu .su ye zi jing .miao song .yu zhang .tiao shang zao tian .wu tong .bing chang .ji wang cheng lin .zhong fang fen yu .luan yu wu feng .cong rong yi mi .xiao xi yang yin .lie zuo zong jiu .dang le yu xin .jing chun zuo jiu .du lian li yin .zi wei za chen .yao rou cuo gai .lian se yu mu .liu sheng yue er .yu shi nai fa .ji chu .zhi jie feng .yang zheng .wei zhi hao le .shi xian shi .zheng shu .yang wen .duan gan .wu wa .lv ju .fu yu zhi tu .za ju chui shao .mu tiao xin yu .yu liu bo .za du ruo .meng qing chen .bei lan ze .yan fu er yu .ci yi tian xia zhi mi li .hao chi .guang bo zhi le ye .tai zi neng qiang qi you hu .tai zi yue ..pu bing wei neng ye ..ke yue ..jiang wei tai zi xun qi ji zhi ma .jia fei ling zhi yu .cheng mu jun zhi cheng .you xia fu zhi jin jian .zuo wu hao zhi diao gong .you she hu yun lin .zhou chi hu lan ze .mi jie hu jiang xun .yan qing ping .you qing feng .tao yang qi .dang chun xin .zhu jiao shou .ji qing qin .yu shi ji quan ma zhi cai .kun ye shou zhi zu .qiong xiang yu zhi zhi qiao .kong hu bao .she zhi niao .zhu ma ming biao .yu kua mi jiao .lv you jun tu .dao jian jing lu .han liu mo zhui .yuan fu ling jiong .wu chuang er si zhe .gu zu chong hou cheng yi .ci xiao lie zhi zhi zhuang ye .tai zi neng qiang qi you hu ..tai zi yue ..bo bing wei neng ye ..ran yang qi jian yu mei yu zhi jian .qin yin er shang .ji man da zhai .ke jian tai zi you yue se .sui tui er jin zhi yue ..ming huo bao tian .bing che lei yun .jing qi yan jian .yu mao su fen .chi cheng jiao zhu .mu wei zheng xian .jiao mo guang bo .guan wang zhi you qi .chun cui quan xi .xian zhi gong men .tai zi yue ..shan .yuan fu wen zhi ..ke yue ..wei ji .yu shi zhen lin shen ze .yan yun an mo .si hu bing zuo .yi wu kong meng .tan ti shen bao .bai ren wei wei .mao ji jiao cuo .shou huo zhang gong .shang ci jin bo .yan ping si ruo .wei mu ren xi .zhi jiu jia yao .xiu pao kuai jiu .yi yu bin ke .yong shang bing qi .dong xin jing er .cheng bu bi hui .jue jue yi nuo .zhen xin zhi se .xing yu jin shi .gao ge chen chang .wan sui wu yi .ci zhen tai zi zhi suo xi ye .neng qiang qi er you hu ..tai zi yue ..pu shen yuan cong .zhi kong wei zhu da fu lei er ..ran er you qi se yi .ke yue ..jiang yi ba yue zhi wang .yu zhu hou yuan fang jiao you xiong di .bing wang guan tao hu guang ling zhi qu jiang .zhi ze wei jian tao zhi xing ye .tu guan shui li zhi suo dao .ze xu ran zu yi hai yi .guan qi suo jia yi zhe .suo zhuo ba zhe .suo yang gu zhe .suo wen fen zhe .suo di qi zhe .sui you xin lue ci gei .gu wei neng lv xing qi suo you ran ye .huang xi hu xi .liao xi li xi .hun gu gu xi .hu xi huang xi .chu xi tang xi .hao wang yang xi .huang kuang kuang xi .bing yi hu nan shan .tong wang hu dong hai .hong dong xi cang tian .ji lv hu ya si .liu lan wu qiong .gui shen ri mu .gu cheng liu er xia jiang xi .huo bu zhi qi suo zhi .huo fen yun qi liu zhe xi .hu miu wang er bu lai .lin zhu si er yuan shi xi .zhong xu fan er yi dai .mo li san er fa shu xi .nei cun xin er zi chi .yu shi zao gai xiong zhong .sa lian wu cang .dan gan shou zu .pou zhuo fa chi .yu qi tian dai .shu xie tian zhuo .fen jue hu yi .fa huang er mu .dang shi zhi shi .sui you yan bing zhi ji .you jiang shen yu qi bi .fa gu pi long er guan wang zhi ye .kuang zhi miao xiao fan men .cheng nong bing jiu zhi tu zai .gu yue .fa meng jie huo .bu zu yi yan ye ..tai zi yue ..shan .ran ze tao he qi zai ..ke yue ..bu ji ye .ran wen yu shi yue .si shen er fei zhe san .ji lei wen bai li .jiang shui ni liu .hai shui shang chao .shan chu nei yun .ri ye bu zhi .yan yi piao ji .bo yong er tao qi .qi shi qi ye .hong lin lin yan .ruo bai lu zhi xia xiang .qi shao jin ye .hao hao ai ai .ru su che bai ma wei gai zhi zhang .qi bo yong er yun luan .rao rao yan ru san jun zhi teng zhuang .qi pang zuo er ben qi ye .piao piao yan ru qing che zhi le bing .liu jia jiao long .fu cong tai bai .chun chi hao ni .qian hou luo yi .yong yong yang yang .ju ju qiang qiang .xin xin jiang jiang .bi lei zhong jian .da za si jun xing .hong yin xiong ke .zha pan yong yi .yuan bu ke dang .guan qi liang pang .ze pang bo fu yu .an mo gan tu .shang ji xia lv .you si yong zhuang zhi zu .tu nu er wu wei .dao bi chong jin .qiong qu sui wei .yu an chu zhui .yu zhe si .dang zhe huai .chu fa hu huo wei zhi jin ya .gai zhen gu fen .hui xiang qing mie .xian mei tan huan .mi jie wu zi zhi shan .tong li gu mu zhi chang .ling chi an .hui fu sang .heng ben si lei xing .cheng fen jue wu .ru zhen ru nu .dun dun hun hun .zhuang ru ben ma .hun hun dun dun .sheng ru lei gu .fa nu zhi da .qing sheng yu yi .hou bo fen zhen .he zhan yu jie jie zhi kou .niao bu ji fei .yu bu ji hui .shou bu ji zou .fen fen yi yi .bo yong yun luan .dang qu nan shan .bei ji bei an .fu kui qiu ling .ping yi xi pan .xian xian xi xi .beng huai bei chi .jue sheng nai ba .zhi gu chan yuan .pi yang liu sa .heng bao zhi ji .yu bie shi shi .dian dao yan ce .you you yuan yuan .pu fu lian yan .shen wu guai yi .bu ke sheng yan .zhi shi ren bo yan .hui an qi chuang yan .ci tian xia guai yi gui guan ye .tai zi neng qiang qi guan zhi hu ..tai zi yue ..pu bing wei neng ye ..ke yue ..jiang wei tai zi zou fang shu zhi shi you zi lue zhe .ruo zhuang zhou .wei mou .yang zhu .mo di .bian yuan .zhan he zhi lun .shi zhi lun tian xia zhi jing wei .li wan wu zhi shi fei .kong .lao lan guan .meng zi chou zhi .wan bu shi yi .ci yi tian xia yao yan miao dao ye .tai zi qi yu wen zhi hu ..yu shi tai zi ju ji er qi .yue ..huan hu ruo yi ting sheng ren bian shi zhi yan ..nian ran han chu .huo ran bing yi .dong feng yi jiu .zhuo yi sui di liu .cuo de e er huang yu jiu .tian qi qing ming shi hou .qu nian zi mo qing men .jin xiao yu po yun hun .duan song yi sheng qiao cui .neng xiao ji ge huang hun .chun shan ye jing .chou wen dong tian shu qing .yu tang xu .xi wu chui zhu pei .qing yan ye cui ju .dui hua qing mai mai .wang yue bu xu xu .liu ruan jin he chu .jue lai shu .zhi ping shi zhen zhu fang chuang .shou juan pao shu wu meng chang .shui qi wan ran cheng du xiao .shu sheng yu di zai cang lang .yue zhong zhuang you gong .you you shen tong zhi yu .jia lin zhen yue jiang jun shu .shi wei fang feng zheng zhi xi .shi luo yu jiang jun shu zhi nei zhai .zhuang zhi ru suo qu .zhu yi yi qi you er hu zhi .wei ji zu qi qian jin .jiang jun fang yu ke yi .jian qi shen ge fei fan .ju jie zhi yue ..tong zi he lai ..zhuang yi shi dui .jiang jun yue ..ru zeng du shu fou .zeng shu dui fou ..zhuang yue ..dui .xiao shi er .he nan zhi you ..jiang jun yue ..neng dui ji zi ..zhuang yue ..yi zi neng zhi .yi bai zi yi neng zhi ..jiang jun yi qi fang zhi da er kua ye .yin zhi ting shi suo zhang hua fu er ming zhi dui yue ..jiu hua yi tang .long bu yin .hu bu xiao .hua bu wen xiang niao bu jiao .jian ci xiao zi ke xiao ke xiao ..zhuang yue ..ji ci jian yi ju qi .bian ke dui yi ..ying sheng yun ..can qi ban ju .che wu lun .ma wu an .pao wu yan huo zu wu liang .he sheng jiang jun ti fang ti fang ..

　　管仲，名夷吾，是颍上人。他年轻的(de)时候，常和鲍叔牙交往，鲍叔牙知道他贤明、有才干。管仲家贫(pin)，经常占鲍叔的便宜，但鲍叔始终很好地对待他，不因为这些事而有什么怨言。不久，鲍叔侍奉齐国公子小白，管仲侍奉公子纠。等到小白即位，立为齐桓公以后，桓公让鲁国杀了公子纠，管仲被囚禁。于是鲍叔向齐桓公推荐管仲。管仲被任用以后，在齐国执政，桓公凭借着管仲而称霸，并以霸主的身份，多次会合诸侯(hou)，使天下归正于一，这都是管仲的智谋。
⑵弄春：谓在春日弄姿。明徐渭《赋得万绿枝头红一点》诗：“名园树树老啼莺，叶底孤花巧弄春。”　　所以近处的诸侯无不听(ting)命，远方的诸侯无不归顺。现在大毕、伯士一去世，新即位的犬戎国君就带着贡品前(qian)来朝见，天子却说：‘我一定要以不享的罪名征讨他’，并且向他炫耀武力，这样做恐怕会废弃(qi)先王的遗训，而使朝见天子之礼濒于破坏吧？我听说那犬戎国君秉性敦厚，能遵循祖先的遗德，遵守终生朝见一次之礼，专一不二，他们会有防御我们的准备的。”穆王不听，去征战犬戎，只(zhi)得到四只白狼、四只白鹿带回来了。从此以后，荒服地方的诸侯就不来朝见了。
（29）蒙尘：蒙受风尘，专指皇帝遭难出(chu)奔。喊着童仆给我炖黄鸡斟上白酒，孩子们嬉笑吵闹牵扯我的布衣。
⒄捶楚：棒杖一类的刑具。　为什么要一个劲儿地说它曾中途遭到抛弃，飘零沦落在荒凉的古狱旁边呢？
③厢：厢房。披着蓑衣走在细雨绵绵的树林里，折支(zhi)芦管躺在绿草地上吹着小曲。
子，古代对对方的尊称，表示“您”。雪后阴云散尽，拂晓时池水花木的庭院已然放晴。杨柳绽放着嫩芽新叶，遇人便露出了喜悦媚眼。更有风流多情，是那一点梅心。远远地与杨柳相映，隐约地露出淡淡的哀愁、微微的笑容。
7.车：轿子。

　　愚溪本来叫冉溪。为什么叫冉溪呢?有人说姓冉的曾经住在这里，以姓得名，所以叫冉溪；又有人说溪水能染色，所以叫染溪。总之，不论叫它冉溪还是叫它染溪，都是有缘由的。那么，为什么还要给溪水改名呢?据说“土之居者，犹龂龂然，不可以不更也”。意思是说，当地人对于究竟是冉溪，还是染溪，争论不休，所以不能不改。但是，为什么要改叫愚溪呢?因为“予以愚触罪，谪潇水上。爱是溪，入二三里，得其尤绝者家焉。古有愚公谷，今予家是溪，而名莫能定……故更之为愚溪”。
　　①运用多种多样的修辞方法生动形象地表现人物的心理
　　这首诗是作者最著名的代表作之一。其含义主要体现在两个方面，一是抒发离京南返的愁绪，二是表示自己虽已辞官，但仍决心为国效力，流露了作者深沉丰富的思想感情。
　　《诗经·大雅·抑》有“投我以桃，报之以李”之句，后世“投桃报李”便成了，成语，比喻相互赠答，礼尚往来。比较起来，《卫风·《木瓜》佚名 古诗》这一篇虽然也有从“投之以《木瓜》佚名 古诗（桃、李），报之以琼琚（瑶、玖）”生发出的成语“投木报琼”（如托名宋尤袤《全唐诗话》就有“投木报琼，义将安在”的记载），但“投木报琼”的使用频率却根本没法与“投桃报李”相提并论。可是论传诵程度还是《《木瓜》佚名 古诗》更高，它是现今传诵最广的《诗经》名篇之一。
　　叶燮在《原诗》中，曾经指责此诗中间两联连用四个地名太多。其实，高适此诗情真意挚而又气势健拔，虽然连用了四个地名，但对诗意并无影响，反而使意境显得更为开阔。
　　《《进学解》韩愈 古诗》表现了封建时代正直而有才华、有抱负的知识分子的苦闷，批判了不合理的社会现象，具有典型意义，故而传诵不绝。此外，第二段中谈古文写作一节，可供了解其古文理论和文学好尚，也值得注意。其所举取法对象止于西汉，那是因东汉以后文章骈偶成分渐多，与古文家崇尚散体的主张不合之故。所举除儒家经典外，尚有子书《庄子》、史书《史记》以及《楚辞》和司马相如、扬雄的赋、杂文等。这数家作品往往雄深宏伟，奇崛不凡，韩愈好尚正在于此。他曾称屈原、孟轲、司马迁、司马相如、扬雄为“古之豪杰之士”（《答崔立之书》）。这与古文运动前期某些论者片面地将“道”与文学的审美特性对立起来，以至鄙视屈原、宋玉以下作家是很不相同的。
　　这首诗是批评刘禹锡的《戏赠看花诸君子》和《再游玄都观》二诗及诗歌的怨刺问题。元好问论诗，主张温柔敦厚，明确反对直露刻薄的怨刺。在他众多的诗文禁忌中，就有“无狡讦”、“无为妾妇妒，无为仇敌谤伤”等形式戒条。他认为，即使有“不能自掩”的“伤谗疾恶不平之气”，也应该“责之愈深，其旨愈婉，怨之愈深，其辞愈缓”（《杨叔能小亨集引》）。