远处帘栊半夜灯。抱柱立时风细细，绕廊行处思腾腾。月日，居易白。微之足下：自足下谪江陵至于今，凡枉赠答诗仅百篇。每诗来，或辱序，或辱书，冠于卷首，皆所以陈古今歌诗之义，且自叙为文因缘，与年月之远近也。仆既受足下诗，又谕足下此意，常欲承答来旨，粗论歌诗大端，并自述为文之意，总为一书，致足下前。累岁已来，牵故少暇，间有容隙，或欲为之；又自思所陈，亦无出足下之见；临纸复罢者数四，卒不能成就其志，以至于今。今俟罪浔阳，除盥栉食寝外无余事，因览足下去通州日所留新旧文二十六轴，开卷得意，忽如会面，心所畜者，便欲快言，往往自疑，不知相去万里也。既而愤悱之气，思有所浊，遂追就前志，勉为此书，足下幸试为仆留意一省。夫文，尚矣，三才各有文。天之文三光首之；地之文五材首之；人之文《六经》首之。就《六经》言，《诗》又首之。何者？圣人感人心而天下和平。感人心者，莫先乎情，莫始乎言，莫切乎声，莫深乎义。诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。上自圣贤，下至愚騃，微及豚鱼，幽及鬼神。群分而气同，形异而情一。未有声入而不应、情交而不感者。圣人知其然，因其言，经之以六义；缘其声，纬之以五音。音有韵，义有类。韵协则言顺，言顺则声易入；类举则情见，情见则感易交。于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。五帝三皇所以直道而行、垂拱而理者，揭此以为大柄，决此以为大窦也。故闻“元首明，股肱良”之歌，则知虞道昌矣。闻五子洛汭之歌，则知夏政荒矣。言者无罪，闻者足诫，言者闻者莫不两尽其心焉。洎周衰秦兴，采诗官废，上不以诗补察时政，下不以歌泄导人情。用至于谄成之风动，救失之道缺。于时六义始剚矣。《国风》变为《骚辞》，五言始于苏、李。《诗》、《骚》皆不遇者，各系其志，发而为文。故河梁之句，止于伤别；泽畔之吟，归于怨思。彷徨抑郁，不暇及他耳。然去《诗》未远，梗概尚存。故兴离别则引双凫一雁为喻，讽君子小人则引香草恶鸟为比。虽义类不具，犹得风人之什二三焉。于时六义始缺矣。晋、宋已还，得者盖寡。以康乐之奥博，多溺于山水；以渊明之高古，偏放于田园。江、鲍之流，又狭于此。如梁鸿《五噫》之例者，百无一二。于时六义浸微矣！陵夷至于梁、陈间，率不过嘲风雪、弄花草而已。噫！风雪花草之物，三百篇中岂舍之乎？顾所用何如耳。设如“北风其凉”，假风以刺威虐；“雨雪霏霏”，因雪以愍征役；“棠棣之华”，感华以讽兄弟；“采采芣苡”，美草以乐有子也。皆兴发于此而义归于彼。反是者，可乎哉！然则“余霞散成绮，澄江净如练”，“归花先委露，别叶乍辞风”之什，丽则丽矣，吾不知其所讽焉。故仆所谓嘲风雪、弄花草而已。于时六义尽去矣。唐兴二百年，其间诗人不可胜数。所可举者，陈子昂有《感遇诗》二十首，鲍防《感兴诗》十五篇。又诗之豪者，世称李、杜。李之作，才矣！奇矣！人不迨矣！索其风雅比兴，十无一焉。杜诗最多，可传者千余首。至于贯穿古今，覙缕格律，尽工尽善，又过于李焉。然撮其《新安》、《石壕》、《潼关吏》、《芦子关》、《花门》之章，“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”之句，亦不过十三四。杜尚如此，况不迨杜者乎？仆常痛诗道崩坏，忽忽愤发，或废食辍寝，不量才力，欲扶起之。嗟乎！事有大谬者，又不可一二而言，然亦不能不粗陈于左右。仆始生六七月时，乳母抱弄于书屏下，有指“之”字、“无”字示仆者，仆口未能言，心已默识。后有问此二字者，虽百十其试，而指之不差。则知仆宿习之缘，已在文字中矣。及五六岁，便学为诗。九岁谙识声韵。十五六，始知有进士，苦节读书。二十已来，昼课赋，夜课书，间又课诗，不遑寝息矣。以至于口舌成疮，手肘成胝。既壮而肤革不丰盈，未老而齿发早衰白；瞀瞀然如飞蝇垂珠在眸子中者，动以万数，盖以苦学力文之所致，又自悲。家贫多故，二十七方从乡赋。既第之后，虽专于科试，亦不废诗。及授校书郎时，已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下辈，见皆谓之工，其实未窥作者之域耳。自登朝来，年齿渐长，阅事渐多。每与人言，多询时务；每读书史，多求理道。始知文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。是时皇帝初即位，宰府有正人，屡降玺书，访人急病。仆当此日，擢在翰林，身是谏官，月请谏纸。启奏之间，有可以救济人病，裨补时阙，而难于指言者，辄咏歌之，欲稍稍进闻于上。上以广宸听，副忧勤；次以酬恩奖，塞言责；下以复吾平生之志。岂图志未就而悔已生，言未闻而谤已成矣！又请为左右终言之。凡闻仆《贺雨诗》，众口籍籍，以为非宜矣；闻仆《哭孔戡诗》，众面脉脉，尽不悦矣；闻《秦中吟》，则权豪贵近者，相目而变色矣；闻《登乐游园》寄足下诗，则执政柄者扼腕矣；闻《宿紫阁村》诗，则握军要者切齿矣！大率如此，不可遍举。不相与者，号为沽誉，号为诋讦，号为讪谤。苟相与者，则如牛僧孺之诫焉。乃至骨肉妻孥，皆以我为非也。其不我非者，举世不过三两人。有邓鲂者，见仆诗而喜，无何鲂死。有唐衢者，见仆诗而泣，未几而衢死。其余即足下。足下又十年来困踬若此。呜唿！岂六义四始之风，天将破坏，不可支持耶？抑又不知天意不欲使下人病苦闻于上耶？不然，何有志于诗者，不利若此之甚也！然仆又自思关东一男子耳，除读书属文外，其他懵然无知，乃至书画棋博，可以接群居之欢者，一无通晓，即其愚拙可知矣！初应进士时，中朝无缌麻之亲，达官无半面之旧；策蹇步于利足之途，张空拳于战文之场。十年之间，三登科第，名落众耳，迹升清贯，出交贤俊，入侍冕旒。始得名于文章，终得罪于文章，亦其宜也。日者闻亲友间说，礼、吏部举选人，多以仆私试赋判为准的。其余诗句，亦往往在人口中。仆恧然自愧，不之信也。及再来长安，又闻有军使高霞寓者，欲聘倡妓，妓大夸曰：“我诵得白学士《长恨歌》，岂同他哉？”由是增价。又足下书云：到通州日，见江馆柱间有题仆诗者。何人哉？又昨过汉南日，适遇主人集众娱乐，他宾诸妓见仆来，指而相顾曰：此是《秦中吟》、《长恨歌》主耳。自长安抵江西三四千里，凡乡校、佛寺、逆旅、行舟之中，往往有题仆诗者；士庶、僧徒、孀妇、处女之口，每有咏仆诗者。此诚雕篆之戏，不足为多，然今时俗所重，正在此耳。虽前贤如渊、云者，前辈如李、杜者，亦未能忘情于其间。古人云：“名者公器，不可多取。”仆是何者，窃时之名已多。既窃时名，又欲窃时之富贵，使己为造物者，肯兼与之乎？今之屯穷，理固然也。况诗人多蹇，如陈子昂、杜甫，各授一拾遗，而屯剥至死。孟浩然辈不及一命，穷悴终身。近日孟郊六十，终试协律；张籍五十，未离一太祝。彼何人哉！况仆之才又不迨彼。今虽谪佐远郡，而官品至第五，月俸四五万，寒有衣，饥有食，给身之外，施及家人。亦可谓不负白氏子矣。微之，微之！勿念我哉！仆数月来，检讨囊帙中，得新旧诗，各以类分，分为卷目。自拾遗来，凡所遇所感，关于美刺兴比者；又自武德至元和，因事立题，题为“新乐府”者，共一百五十首，谓之讽谕诗。又或退公独处，或移动病闲居，知足保和，吟玩性情者一百首，谓之”闲适诗“。又有事物牵于外，情理动于内，随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首，谓之”感伤诗“。又有五言、七言、长句、绝句，自一百韵至两百韵者四百余首，谓之”杂律诗“。凡为十五卷，约八百首。异时相见，当尽致于执事。微之，古人云：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。”仆虽不肖，常师此语。大丈夫所守者道，所待者时。时之来也，为云龙，为风鹏，勃然突然，陈力以出；时之不来也，为雾豹，为冥鸿，寂兮寥兮，奉身而退。进退出处，何往而不自得哉！故仆志在兼济，行在独善，奉而始终之则为道，言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗，兼济之志也；谓之闲适诗，独善之义也。故览仆诗者，知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗，或诱于一时一物，发于一笑一吟，率然成章，非平生所尚者，但以亲朋合散之际，取其释恨佐欢，今铨次之间，未能删去。他时有为我编集斯文者，略之可也。微之，夫贵耳贱目，荣古陋今，人之大情也。仆不能远征古旧，如近岁韦苏州歌行，才丽之外，颇近兴讽；其五言诗，又高雅闲淡，自成一家之体，今之秉笔者谁能及之？然当苏州在时，人亦未甚爱重，必待身后，人始贵之。今仆之诗，人所爱者，悉不过杂律诗与《长恨歌》已下耳。时之所重，仆之所轻。至于讽谕者，意激而言质；闲适者，思澹而辞迂。以质合迂，宜人之不爱也。今所爱者，并世而生，独足下耳。然百千年后，安知复无如足下者出，而知爱我诗哉？故自八九年来，与足下小通则以诗相戒，小穷则以诗相勉，索居则以诗相慰，同处则以诗相娱。知吾罪吾，率以诗也。如今年春游城南时，与足下马上相戏，因各诵新艳小律，不杂他篇，自皇子陂归昭国里，迭吟递唱，不绝声者二十里余。攀、李在傍，无所措口。知我者以为诗仙，不知我者以为诗魔。何则？劳心灵，役声气，连朝接夕，不自知其苦，非魔而何？偶同人当美景，或花时宴罢，或月夜酒酣，一咏一吟，不觉老之将至。虽骖鸾鹤、游蓬瀛者之适，无以加于此焉，又非仙而何？微之，微之！此吾所以与足下外形骸、脱踪迹、傲轩鼎、轻人寰者，又以此也。当此之时，足下兴有余力，且欲与仆悉索还往中诗，取其尤长者，如张十八古乐府，李二十新歌行，卢、杨二秘书律诗，窦七、元八绝句，博搜精掇，编而次之，号为《元白往还集》。众君子得拟议于此者，莫不踊跃欣喜，以为盛事。嗟乎！言未终而足下左转，不数月而仆又继行，心期索然，何日成就？又可为之太息矣！仆常语足下，凡人为文，私于自是，不忍于割截，或失于繁多。其间妍媸，益又自惑。必待交友有公鉴无姑息者，讨论而削夺之，然后繁简当否，得其中矣。况仆与足下，为文尤患其多。己尚病，况他人乎？今且各纂诗笔，粗为卷第，待与足下相见日，各出所有，终前志焉。又不知相遇是何年，相见是何地，溘然而至，则如之何？微之知我心哉！浔阳腊月，江风苦寒，岁暮鲜欢，夜长少睡。引笔铺纸，悄然灯前，有念则书，言无铨次。勿以繁杂为倦，且以代一夕之话言也。居易自叙如此，文士以为信然。增叶云中山行万里封侯贵，一场春梦中，破帽青鞋策短筇。逢，南山采药翁。桃花洞，白云千万重。访吾丘道士细草眠白兔，小花啼翠禽，且听松风尘绿阴。寻，洞天深又深。游仙枕，顿消名利心。青霞赵肃斋索赋酒后诗情放，水边归路差，何处青霞仙子家？沙，翠苔横古槎。竹阴下，小鱼争柳花。寿彦远卢使君胜境藏仙洞，浩歌来醉乡，菡萏开十里塘。香，卢家白玉堂。仙人仗，凤头萱草黄。湖上寒食火冷尝仙饭，酒香撒鬼钱，细雨家家杨柳烟。园，断桥西堍边。秋千倦，玉人争画船。环绿在上水冷溪鱼贵，酒香霜蟹肥，环绿亭深掩翠微。梅，落花浮王杯。山翁醉，笑随明月归。开玄道院翠崦仙云暗，素琴冰涧长，画永人闲白玉堂。尝，煮茶春水香。玄泉上，鹤飞松露凉。佛会万寿月面佛，十方云会僧。宝殿香风秋树鸣。青，莲花地上生。灵上顶，半空玉磐声。王国用胡琴雨漱窗前竹，涧流冰上泉，一缕清风动二弦。联，小山秋水篇。昭君怨，塞云黄暮天。题扇玉手银筝柱，翠涛金屈卮，正是鱼肥蟹健时。诗，醉题秋扇儿。黄华字，乱风摇柳丝。次韵出岫白云笑，入山明月愁，两字功名四十秋。羞，死封不义侯。村学究，且读书青海头。情云雨山头暗，女牛大上期，宝鼎香寒玉漏迟。推，角门花影移。鸳鸯会，莫教明月知。盛德须知异禀，天教占尽秋光。一轮明月照华堂。荐寿笙歌嘹亮。一段帘丝风约透。妆点亭台，表里俱清秀。几度长堤频矫首。青青颜色新如旧。黯黯东牖闇，寂寂吾庐闲。粗粝饱妇子，苜蓿无馀盘。雁急天欲雨，鸡栖日已寒。老人袖手坐，一杯聊自宽。

yuan chu lian long ban ye deng .bao zhu li shi feng xi xi .rao lang xing chu si teng teng .yue ri .ju yi bai .wei zhi zu xia .zi zu xia zhe jiang ling zhi yu jin .fan wang zeng da shi jin bai pian .mei shi lai .huo ru xu .huo ru shu .guan yu juan shou .jie suo yi chen gu jin ge shi zhi yi .qie zi xu wei wen yin yuan .yu nian yue zhi yuan jin ye .pu ji shou zu xia shi .you yu zu xia ci yi .chang yu cheng da lai zhi .cu lun ge shi da duan .bing zi shu wei wen zhi yi .zong wei yi shu .zhi zu xia qian .lei sui yi lai .qian gu shao xia .jian you rong xi .huo yu wei zhi .you zi si suo chen .yi wu chu zu xia zhi jian .lin zhi fu ba zhe shu si .zu bu neng cheng jiu qi zhi .yi zhi yu jin .jin si zui xun yang .chu guan zhi shi qin wai wu yu shi .yin lan zu xia qu tong zhou ri suo liu xin jiu wen er shi liu zhou .kai juan de yi .hu ru hui mian .xin suo xu zhe .bian yu kuai yan .wang wang zi yi .bu zhi xiang qu wan li ye .ji er fen fei zhi qi .si you suo zhuo .sui zhui jiu qian zhi .mian wei ci shu .zu xia xing shi wei pu liu yi yi sheng .fu wen .shang yi .san cai ge you wen .tian zhi wen san guang shou zhi .di zhi wen wu cai shou zhi .ren zhi wen .liu jing .shou zhi .jiu .liu jing .yan ..shi .you shou zhi .he zhe .sheng ren gan ren xin er tian xia he ping .gan ren xin zhe .mo xian hu qing .mo shi hu yan .mo qie hu sheng .mo shen hu yi .shi zhe .gen qing .miao yan .hua sheng .shi yi .shang zi sheng xian .xia zhi yu si .wei ji tun yu .you ji gui shen .qun fen er qi tong .xing yi er qing yi .wei you sheng ru er bu ying .qing jiao er bu gan zhe .sheng ren zhi qi ran .yin qi yan .jing zhi yi liu yi .yuan qi sheng .wei zhi yi wu yin .yin you yun .yi you lei .yun xie ze yan shun .yan shun ze sheng yi ru .lei ju ze qing jian .qing jian ze gan yi jiao .yu shi hu yun da han shen .guan wei dong mi .shang xia tong er yi qi tai .you le he er bai zhi xi .wu di san huang suo yi zhi dao er xing .chui gong er li zhe .jie ci yi wei da bing .jue ci yi wei da dou ye .gu wen .yuan shou ming .gu gong liang .zhi ge .ze zhi yu dao chang yi .wen wu zi luo rui zhi ge .ze zhi xia zheng huang yi .yan zhe wu zui .wen zhe zu jie .yan zhe wen zhe mo bu liang jin qi xin yan .ji zhou shuai qin xing .cai shi guan fei .shang bu yi shi bu cha shi zheng .xia bu yi ge xie dao ren qing .yong zhi yu chan cheng zhi feng dong .jiu shi zhi dao que .yu shi liu yi shi zi yi ..guo feng .bian wei .sao ci ..wu yan shi yu su .li ..shi ...sao .jie bu yu zhe .ge xi qi zhi .fa er wei wen .gu he liang zhi ju .zhi yu shang bie .ze pan zhi yin .gui yu yuan si .fang huang yi yu .bu xia ji ta er .ran qu .shi .wei yuan .geng gai shang cun .gu xing li bie ze yin shuang fu yi yan wei yu .feng jun zi xiao ren ze yin xiang cao e niao wei bi .sui yi lei bu ju .you de feng ren zhi shi er san yan .yu shi liu yi shi que yi .jin .song yi huan .de zhe gai gua .yi kang le zhi ao bo .duo ni yu shan shui .yi yuan ming zhi gao gu .pian fang yu tian yuan .jiang .bao zhi liu .you xia yu ci .ru liang hong .wu yi .zhi li zhe .bai 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.zhen lv ge lv .jin gong jin shan .you guo yu li yan .ran cuo qi .xin an ...shi hao ...tong guan li ...lu zi guan ...hua men .zhi zhang ..zhu men jiu rou chou .lu you dong si gu .zhi ju .yi bu guo shi san si .du shang ru ci .kuang bu dai du zhe hu .pu chang tong shi dao beng huai .hu hu fen fa .huo fei shi chuo qin .bu liang cai li .yu fu qi zhi .jie hu .shi you da miu zhe .you bu ke yi er er yan .ran yi bu neng bu cu chen yu zuo you .pu shi sheng liu qi yue shi .ru mu bao nong yu shu ping xia .you zhi .zhi .zi ..wu .zi shi pu zhe .pu kou wei neng yan .xin yi mo shi .hou you wen ci er zi zhe .sui bai shi qi shi .er zhi zhi bu cha .ze zhi pu su xi zhi yuan .yi zai wen zi zhong yi .ji wu liu sui .bian xue wei shi .jiu sui an shi sheng yun .shi wu liu .shi zhi you jin shi .ku jie du shu .er shi yi lai .zhou ke fu .ye ke shu .jian you ke shi .bu huang qin xi yi .yi zhi yu kou she cheng chuang .shou zhou cheng zhi .ji zhuang er fu ge bu feng ying .wei lao er chi fa zao shuai bai .mao mao ran ru fei ying chui zhu zai mou zi zhong zhe .dong yi wan shu .gai yi ku xue li wen zhi suo zhi .you zi bei .jia pin duo gu .er shi qi fang cong xiang fu .ji di zhi hou .sui zhuan yu ke shi .yi bu fei shi .ji shou xiao shu lang shi .yi ying san si bai shou .huo chu shi jiao you ru zu xia bei .jian jie wei zhi gong .qi shi wei kui zuo zhe zhi yu er .zi deng chao lai .nian chi jian chang .yue shi jian duo .mei yu ren yan .duo xun shi wu .mei du shu shi .duo qiu li dao .shi zhi wen zhang he wei shi er zhuo .ge shi he wei shi er zuo .shi shi huang di chu ji wei .zai fu you zheng ren .lv jiang xi shu .fang ren ji bing .pu dang ci ri .zhuo zai han lin .shen shi jian guan .yue qing jian zhi .qi zou zhi jian .you ke yi jiu ji ren bing .bi bu shi que .er nan yu zhi yan zhe .zhe yong ge zhi .yu shao shao jin wen yu shang .shang yi guang chen ting .fu you qin .ci yi chou en jiang .sai yan ze .xia yi fu wu ping sheng zhi zhi .qi tu zhi wei jiu er hui yi sheng .yan wei wen er bang yi cheng yi .you qing wei zuo you zhong yan zhi .fan wen pu .he yu shi ..zhong kou ji ji .yi wei fei yi yi .wen pu .ku kong kan shi ..zhong mian mai mai .jin bu yue yi .wen .qin zhong yin ..ze quan hao gui jin zhe .xiang mu er bian se yi .wen .deng le you yuan .ji zu xia shi .ze zhi zheng bing zhe e wan yi .wen .su zi ge cun .shi .ze wo jun yao zhe qie chi yi .da lv ru ci .bu ke bian ju .bu xiang yu zhe .hao wei gu yu .hao wei di jie .hao wei shan bang .gou xiang yu zhe .ze ru niu seng ru zhi jie yan .nai zhi gu rou qi nu .jie yi wo wei fei ye .qi bu wo fei zhe .ju shi bu guo san liang ren .you deng fang zhe .jian pu shi er xi .wu he fang si .you tang qu zhe .jian pu shi er qi .wei ji er qu si .qi yu ji zu xia .zu xia you shi nian lai kun zhi ruo ci .wu hu .qi liu yi si shi zhi feng .tian jiang po huai .bu ke zhi chi ye .yi you bu zhi tian yi bu yu shi xia ren bing ku wen yu shang ye .bu ran .he you zhi yu shi zhe .bu li ruo ci zhi shen ye .ran pu you zi si guan dong yi nan zi er .chu du shu shu wen wai .qi ta meng ran wu zhi .nai zhi shu hua qi bo .ke yi jie qun ju zhi huan zhe .yi wu tong xiao .ji qi yu zhuo ke zhi yi .chu ying jin shi shi .zhong chao wu si ma zhi qin .da guan wu ban mian zhi jiu .ce jian bu yu li zu zhi tu .zhang kong quan yu zhan wen zhi chang .shi nian zhi jian .san deng ke di .ming luo zhong er .ji sheng qing guan .chu jiao xian jun .ru shi mian liu .shi de ming yu wen zhang .zhong de zui yu wen zhang .yi qi yi ye .ri zhe wen qin you jian shuo .li .li bu ju xuan ren .duo yi pu si shi fu pan wei zhun de .qi yu shi ju .yi wang wang zai ren kou zhong .pu nv ran zi kui .bu zhi xin ye .ji zai lai chang an .you wen you jun shi gao xia yu zhe .yu pin chang ji .ji da kua yue ..wo song de bai xue shi .chang hen ge ..qi tong ta zai ..you shi zeng jia .you zu xia shu yun .dao tong zhou ri .jian jiang guan zhu jian you ti pu shi zhe .he ren zai .you zuo guo han nan ri .shi yu zhu ren ji zhong yu le .ta bin zhu ji jian pu lai .zhi er xiang gu yue .ci shi .qin zhong yin ...chang hen ge .zhu er .zi chang an di jiang xi san si qian li .fan xiang xiao .fo si .ni lv .xing zhou zhi zhong .wang wang you ti pu shi zhe .shi shu .seng tu .shuang fu .chu nv zhi kou .mei you yong pu shi zhe .ci cheng diao zhuan zhi xi .bu zu wei duo .ran jin shi su suo zhong .zheng zai ci er .sui qian xian ru yuan .yun zhe .qian bei ru li .du zhe .yi wei neng wang qing yu qi jian .gu ren yun ..ming zhe gong qi .bu ke duo qu ..pu shi he zhe .qie shi zhi ming yi duo .ji qie shi ming .you yu qie shi zhi fu gui .shi ji wei zao wu zhe .ken jian yu zhi hu .jin zhi tun qiong .li gu ran ye .kuang shi ren duo jian .ru chen zi ang .du fu .ge shou yi shi yi .er tun bao zhi si .meng hao ran bei bu ji yi ming .qiong cui zhong shen .jin ri meng jiao liu shi .zhong shi xie lv .zhang ji wu shi .wei li yi tai zhu .bi he ren zai .kuang pu zhi cai you bu dai bi .jin sui zhe zuo yuan jun .er guan pin zhi di wu .yue feng si wu wan .han you yi .ji you shi .gei shen zhi wai .shi ji jia ren .yi ke wei bu fu bai shi zi yi .wei zhi .wei zhi .wu nian wo zai .pu shu yue lai .jian tao nang zhi zhong .de xin jiu shi .ge yi lei fen .fen wei juan mu .zi shi yi lai .fan suo yu suo gan .guan yu mei ci xing bi zhe .you zi wu de zhi yuan he .yin shi li ti .ti wei .xin le fu .zhe .gong yi bai wu shi shou .wei zhi feng yu shi .you huo tui gong du chu .huo yi dong bing xian ju .zhi zu bao he .yin wan xing qing zhe yi bai shou .wei zhi .xian shi shi ..you you shi wu qian yu wai .qing li dong yu nei .sui gan yu er xing yu tan yong zhe yi bai shou .wei zhi .gan shang shi ..you you wu yan .qi yan .chang ju .jue ju .zi yi bai yun zhi liang bai yun zhe si bai yu shou .wei zhi .za lv shi ..fan wei shi wu juan .yue ba bai shou .yi shi xiang jian .dang jin zhi yu zhi shi .wei zhi .gu ren yun ..qiong ze du shan qi shen .da ze jian ji tian xia ..pu sui bu xiao .chang shi ci yu .da zhang fu suo shou zhe dao .suo dai zhe shi .shi zhi lai ye .wei yun long .wei feng peng .bo ran tu ran .chen li yi chu .shi zhi bu lai ye .wei wu bao .wei ming hong .ji xi liao xi .feng shen er tui .jin tui chu chu .he wang er bu zi de zai .gu pu zhi zai jian ji .xing zai du shan .feng er shi zhong zhi ze wei dao .yan er fa ming zhi ze wei shi .wei zhi feng yu shi .jian ji zhi zhi ye .wei zhi xian shi shi .du shan zhi yi ye .gu lan pu shi zhe .zhi pu zhi dao yan .qi yu za lv shi .huo you yu yi shi yi wu .fa yu yi xiao yi yin .lv ran cheng zhang .fei ping sheng suo shang zhe .dan yi qin peng he san zhi ji .qu qi shi hen zuo huan .jin quan ci zhi jian .wei neng shan qu .ta shi you wei wo bian ji si wen zhe .lue zhi ke ye .wei zhi .fu gui er jian mu .rong gu lou jin .ren zhi da qing ye .pu bu neng yuan zheng gu jiu .ru jin sui wei su zhou ge xing .cai li zhi wai .po jin xing feng .qi wu yan shi .you gao ya xian dan .zi cheng yi jia zhi ti .jin zhi bing bi zhe shui neng ji zhi .ran dang su zhou zai shi .ren yi wei shen ai zhong .bi dai shen hou .ren shi gui zhi .jin pu zhi shi .ren suo ai zhe .xi bu guo za lv shi yu .chang hen ge .yi xia er .shi zhi suo zhong .pu zhi suo qing .zhi yu feng yu zhe .yi ji er yan zhi .xian shi zhe .si dan er ci you .yi zhi he you .yi ren zhi bu ai ye .jin suo ai zhe .bing shi er sheng .du zu xia er .ran bai qian nian hou .an zhi fu wu ru zu xia zhe chu .er zhi ai wo shi zai .gu zi ba jiu nian lai .yu zu xia xiao tong ze yi shi xiang jie .xiao qiong ze yi shi xiang mian .suo ju ze yi shi xiang wei .tong chu ze yi shi xiang yu .zhi wu zui wu .lv yi shi ye .ru jin nian chun you cheng nan shi .yu zu xia ma shang xiang xi .yin ge song xin yan xiao lv .bu za ta pian .zi huang zi bei gui zhao guo li .die yin di chang .bu jue sheng zhe er shi li yu .pan .li zai bang .wu suo cuo kou .zhi wo zhe yi wei shi xian .bu zhi wo zhe yi wei shi mo .he ze .lao xin ling .yi sheng qi .lian chao jie xi .bu zi zhi qi ku .fei mo er he .ou tong ren dang mei jing .huo hua shi yan ba .huo yue ye jiu han .yi yong yi yin .bu jue lao zhi jiang zhi .sui can luan he .you peng ying zhe zhi shi .wu yi jia yu ci yan .you fei xian er he .wei zhi .wei zhi .ci wu suo yi yu zu xia wai xing hai .tuo zong ji .ao xuan ding .qing ren huan zhe .you yi ci ye .dang ci zhi shi .zu xia xing you yu li .qie yu yu pu xi suo huan wang zhong shi .qu qi you chang zhe .ru zhang shi ba gu le fu .li er shi xin ge xing .lu .yang er mi shu lv shi .dou qi .yuan ba jue ju .bo sou jing duo .bian er ci zhi .hao wei .yuan bai wang huan ji ..zhong jun zi de ni yi yu ci zhe .mo bu yong yue xin xi .yi wei sheng shi .jie hu .yan wei zhong er zu xia zuo zhuan .bu shu yue er pu you ji xing .xin qi suo ran .he ri cheng jiu .you ke wei zhi tai xi yi .pu chang yu zu xia .fan ren wei wen .si yu zi shi .bu ren yu ge jie .huo shi yu fan duo .qi jian yan chi .yi you zi huo .bi dai jiao you you gong jian wu gu xi zhe .tao lun er xiao duo zhi .ran hou fan jian dang fou .de qi zhong yi .kuang pu yu zu xia .wei wen you huan qi duo .ji shang bing .kuang ta ren hu .jin qie ge zuan shi bi .cu wei juan di .dai yu zu xia xiang jian ri .ge chu suo you .zhong qian zhi yan .you bu zhi xiang yu shi he nian .xiang jian shi he di .ke ran er zhi .ze ru zhi he .wei zhi zhi wo xin zai .xun yang la yue .jiang feng ku han .sui mu xian huan .ye chang shao shui .yin bi pu zhi .qiao ran deng qian .you nian ze shu .yan wu quan ci .wu yi fan za wei juan .qie yi dai yi xi zhi hua yan ye .ju yi zi xu ru ci .wen shi yi wei xin ran .zeng ye yun zhong shan xing wan li feng hou gui .yi chang chun meng zhong .po mao qing xie ce duan qiong .feng .nan shan cai yao weng .tao hua dong .bai yun qian wan zhong .fang wu qiu dao shi xi cao mian bai tu .xiao hua ti cui qin .qie ting song feng chen lv yin .xun .dong tian shen you shen .you xian zhen .dun xiao ming li xin .qing xia zhao su zhai suo fu jiu hou shi qing fang .shui bian gui lu cha .he chu qing xia xian zi jia .sha .cui tai heng gu cha .zhu yin xia .xiao yu zheng liu hua .shou yan yuan lu shi jun sheng jing cang xian dong .hao ge lai zui xiang .han dan kai shi li tang .xiang .lu jia bai yu tang .xian ren zhang .feng tou xuan cao huang .hu shang han shi huo leng chang xian fan .jiu xiang sa gui qian .xi yu jia jia yang liu yan .yuan .duan qiao xi tu bian .qiu qian juan .yu ren zheng hua chuan .huan lv zai shang shui leng xi yu gui .jiu xiang shuang xie fei .huan lv ting shen yan cui wei .mei .luo hua fu wang bei .shan weng zui .xiao sui ming yue gui .kai xuan dao yuan cui yan xian yun an .su qin bing jian chang .hua yong ren xian bai yu tang .chang .zhu cha chun shui xiang .xuan quan shang .he fei song lu liang .fo hui wan shou yue mian fo .shi fang yun hui seng .bao dian xiang feng qiu shu ming .qing .lian hua di shang sheng .ling shang ding .ban kong yu pan sheng .wang guo yong hu qin yu shu chuang qian zhu .jian liu bing shang quan .yi lv qing feng dong er xian .lian .xiao shan qiu shui pian .zhao jun yuan .sai yun huang mu tian .ti shan yu shou yin zheng zhu .cui tao jin qu zhi .zheng shi yu fei xie jian shi .shi .zui ti qiu shan er .huang hua zi .luan feng yao liu si .ci yun chu xiu bai yun xiao .ru shan ming yue chou .liang zi gong ming si shi qiu .xiu .si feng bu yi hou .cun xue jiu .qie du shu qing hai tou .qing yun yu shan tou an .nv niu da shang qi .bao ding xiang han yu lou chi .tui .jiao men hua ying yi .yuan yang hui .mo jiao ming yue zhi .sheng de xu zhi yi bing .tian jiao zhan jin qiu guang .yi lun ming yue zhao hua tang .jian shou sheng ge liao liang .yi duan lian si feng yue tou .zhuang dian ting tai .biao li ju qing xiu .ji du chang di pin jiao shou .qing qing yan se xin ru jiu .an an dong you an .ji ji wu lu xian .cu li bao fu zi .mu xu wu yu pan .yan ji tian yu yu .ji qi ri yi han .lao ren xiu shou zuo .yi bei liao zi kuan .

哪家的(de)游子今晚坐着小(xiao)船(chuan)在漂流？什么地方有人在明月照耀的楼上相思？
（73）坐：因他人获罪而受牵连。废退：指远谪边地，不用于朝廷。野火烧燃着山上的蔓草，烟烽断续地缭绕着山石中的古松。
⑥金吾子：即执金吾，是汉代掌(zhang)(zhang)管京师治安的禁卫军长官。这里是语含讽意的“敬称”。树林里有一只奇异的鸟，它自言是凤凰鸟。
4.风雨如(ru)磐：风雨，在这里指帝国主义的侵(qin)略和封建主义的统治。磐，扁而厚的大石。风雨如磐，比喻国家和民族灾难的深重。播撒百谷的种子，
①春晚，即晚春，暮春时节。又像商人走在蜀道间，很多的铎磬在空山中敲响。
⒀流年：流逝之岁月；年华。墓地兰花上凝(ning)聚的露珠，宛如她悲伤的泪眼(yan)。
13.优游，叠韵连绵字，从容不迫的样子。浸渍（zì），双声连绵字，渐渐渗透的样 子。优游浸渍：从容不迫，逐渐渗透。

　　第二首诗第一句从隋亡于大运河这种论调说起，而以第二句反面设难，予以批驳。诗中说：很多研究隋朝灭亡原因的人都归咎于运河，视为一大祸根，然而大运河的开凿使南北交通显著改善，对经济联系与政治统一有莫大好处，历史作用深远。用“至今”二字，以表其造福后世时间之长；说“千里”，以见因之得益的地域之辽阔；“赖”字则表明其为国计民生之不可缺少，更带赞许的意味。此句强调大运河的百年大利，一反众口一辞的论调，使人耳目一新。这就是唐人咏史怀古诗常用的“翻案法”。翻案法可以使议论新颖，发人所未发，但要做到不悖情理，却是不易的。大运河固然有利于后世，但隋炀帝的暴行还是暴行，皮日休是从两个不同角度来看开河这件事的。当年运河竣工后，隋炀帝率众二十万出游，自己乘坐高达四层的“龙舟”，还有高三层、称为浮景的“水殿”九艘，此外杂船无数。船只相衔长达三百余里，仅挽大船的人几近万数，均著彩服，水陆照亮，所谓“春风举国裁宫锦，半作障泥半作帆”（李商隐《隋宫》，其奢侈糜费实为史所罕闻。第三句“水殿龙舟事”即指此而言。
　　但随之情感的格调有抑变扬，“琴鸣酒乐两相得，一杯不啻千钧金”，宴会氛围又重新转入热烈之中，这和《将进酒》中“岑夫子，丹丘生，将进酒，杯莫停”在情感格调上有异曲同工之处，这种情感的瞬间转变在李白的诗歌中也颇为常见，“盛唐诗人，惟在兴趣，羚羊挂角，无迹可求”（严羽《沧浪诗话》），这便是李白性格的纯真，感情汪洋恣肆，随性而发，不为物惑，也正如葛晓音在《诗国高潮与盛唐文化》中所说“唐人不像汉人那样拘于经学，也不想宋人那样精于思虑，唐代的时代性情是情感超过思理，在诗歌创作上也是如此”。同时在这里也看得出，“酒”在李白诗歌中的重要意义，他即使李白诗歌中精神寄托的一种意象，也是他挥洒万丈豪情的工具。李白最突出的一个艺术特征就是豪放洒脱，而酒便是这种性格不可缺少的陪衬品，使他冲破了清规戒律，任意挥洒，从而形成了酣畅恣肆，奔腾雄奇的艺术个性。“李白的诗歌个性主要凭借于他始终常见的日月风云、黄河沧海等雄伟壮阔的艺术境界，但也体现在他的日常生活中，特别是酒和月，成为他最重要的精神伴侣，也塑造了他‘诗仙’与‘狂客’形象”（林庚《唐诗综论》）。“酒”也是李白厌倦世俗后遁世的一种工具，因为他本生的儒道互补思想，也就决定了他在追求现实世界中建功立业的志向受阻后，转向游山问道，寄情山水。
　　诗人作诗，如果是思想感情的自然发泄，总是先有诗，然后有题目，题目是全诗内容的概括。这首诗的题目是“《除夜宿石头驿》戴叔伦 古诗”，可知诗的内容主要是“除夜”和“夜宿”。夜宿的地点是“石头驿”，可知是在旅途中夜宿。
　　第一首先写草堂，举其四景：堂西的竹笋，堑北的行椒，园中的梅子，久七前的松树。诗人处在这远离闹市的幽静环境之中，因看到园中将熟的梅子，便想到待梅熟时邀朱老一同尝新；因看到堂前的松树，便希望和阮生在松荫下尽情地谈古论今。从中可以看出诗人对草堂的爱赏，以及他对生活的朴素的要求。他久经奔波，只要有一个安身之地就已经满足了。显然，这首诗虽属赋体却兼比兴，于平淡的写景叙事中寓含着诗人的淡泊心情，以作为组诗之纲。当时杜甫因好友严武再镇而重返草堂，足证严武在诗人心目中的重要地位，但这里他所想到的草堂的座上宾都不是严武，而是普普通通的朱老和阮生。这就可见诗人当时的心境和志趣了。
　　首联描绘环境气氛：飒飒东风，飘来蒙蒙细雨；芙蓉塘外，传来阵阵轻雷。既隐隐传达了生命萌动的春天气息，又带有一些凄迷黯淡的色调，烘托出女主人公春心萌动和难以名状的迷惘苦闷。东风细雨，容易令人联想起“梦雨”的典故；芙蓉塘即莲塘，在南朝乐府和唐人诗作中，常常代指男女相悦传情之地；“轻雷”则又暗用司马相如《长门赋》：“雷殷殷而响起兮，声象君之车音。”这一系列与爱情密切相关的词语，所给予读者的暗示和联想是很丰富的。纪昀说：“起二句妙有远神，可以意会。”所谓“远神，是指这种富于暗示性的诗歌语言所构筑的渺远的艺术意境，一种难以言传的朦胧美。
　　这首诗前四句写“往岐亭”途中所见，五六句写女王城饯别，末二句因饯别而联想到前一年无人“把酒慰深幽”。表面上看，全诗“于题不甚顾”（冯班语，见《纪批瀛奎律髓》），实际是紧扣题意。写初春之景，景色如画；写友人之情，情意深厚。全诗一气贯注，看似信笔挥洒，实则勾勒甚密，有天机自得之妙。
　　这首诗是抒写诗人不得志之愁，或是描述睹物怀人之情，或是叙述当秋暑之愁时最贵邀请而实无人邀请之况，或是陈述因自己的“不自聊”虽值秋暑而不邀朋友同游的原因，有很多不同说法，莫衷一是。
　　三、四两句，诗人是在写雪，也是在写梅：“从风还共落，照日不俱销”。春天风大，被刮落的梅花随着春雪在春风中飞舞，景象真是美妙极了。或是白梅，那飘落之花与雪花齐风飞舞，难以辨认，真是“开时似雪，谢时似雪”；或是红梅，那鲜红的花瓣与如玉的雪花交相飘洒，红白分明的色彩，奇妙变幻的景象，怎不令人陶醉。这与宋代诗人韩元吉所写的“不随群艳竞芬芳，独自施朱对雪霜”的意境有异曲同工之妙。当天晴日朗，在瘦枝上的残雪融化了，而留在枝头上依然微笑的梅花显得更加清幽、雅逸，真是别有一番神韵。观赏此花，怎不心旷神怡。