八月一日，过烽火矶。南朝自武昌至京口，列置烽燧，此山当是其一也。自舟中望山，突兀而已。及抛江过其下，嵌岩窦穴，怪奇万状，色泽莹润，亦与它石迥异。又有一石，不附山，杰然特起，高百余尺，丹藤翠蔓，罗络其上，如宝装屏风。是日风静，舟行颇迟，又秋深潦缩，故得尽见。杜老所谓“幸有舟楫迟，得尽所历妙”也。过澎浪矶、小孤山，二山东西相望。 小孤属舒州宿松县，有戍兵。凡江中独山，如金山、焦山、落星之类，皆名天下，然峭拔秀丽皆不可与小孤比。自数十里外望之，碧峰巉然孤起，上干云霄，已非它山可拟，愈近愈秀，冬夏晴雨，姿态万变，信造化之尤物也。但祠宇极于荒残，若稍饰以楼观亭榭，与江山相发挥，自当高出金山之上矣。庙在山之西麓，额曰“惠济”，神曰“安济夫人”。绍兴初，张魏公自湖湘还，尝加营葺，有碑载其事。又有别祠在澎浪矶，属江州彭泽县，三面临江，倒影水中，亦占一山之胜。舟过矶，虽无风，亦浪涌，盖以此得名也。昔人诗有“舟中估客莫漫狂，小姑前年嫁彭郎”之句，传者因谓小孤庙有彭郎像，澎浪庙有小姑像，实不然也。晚泊沙夹，距小孤一里。微雨，复以小艇游庙中，南望彭泽、都昌诸山，烟雨空濛，鸥鹭灭没，极登临之胜，徙倚久之而归。方立庙门，有俊鹘抟水禽，掠江东南去，甚可壮也。庙祝云，山有栖鹘甚多。二日早，行未二十里，忽风云腾涌，急系缆。俄复开霁，遂行。泛彭蠡口，四望无际，乃知太白“开帆入天镜”之句为妙。始见庐山及大孤。大孤状类西梁，虽不可拟小姑之秀丽，然小孤之旁，颇有沙洲葭苇，大孤则四际渺弥皆大江，望之如浮水面，亦一奇也。江自湖口分一支为南江，盖江西路也。江水浑浊，每汲用，皆以杏仁澄之，过夕乃可饮。南江则极清澈，合处如引绳，不相乱。晚抵江州。州治德化县，即唐之浔阳县，柴桑、栗里，皆其地也；南唐为奉化军节度，今为定江军。岸土赤而壁立，东坡先生所谓“舟人指点岸如赪”者也。泊湓浦，水亦甚清，不与江水乱。自七月二十六日至是，首尾才六日，其间一日阻风不行，实以四日半溯流行七百里云。在处繁华如梦，梦占人年少，生死堪羞。任倾城倾国，风雨一春休。醉逢君、何须有约，醉留君、系不住扁舟。空又失，花前一笑，绿尽芳洲。三月十六日，前乡贡进士韩愈，谨再拜言相公阁下。愈闻周公之为辅相，其急于见贤也，方一食三吐其哺，方一沐三握其发。天下之贤才皆已举用，奸邪谗佞欺负之徒皆已除去，四海皆已无虞，九夷八蛮之在荒服之外者皆已宾贡，天灾时变、昆虫草木之妖皆已销息，天下之所谓礼、乐、刑、政教化之具皆已修理，风俗皆已敦厚，动植之物、风雨霜露之所沾被者皆已得宜，休征嘉瑞、麟凤龟龙之属皆已备至，而周公以圣人之才，凭叔父之亲，其所辅理承化之功又尽章章如是。其所求进见之士，岂复有贤于周公者哉？不惟不贤于周公而已，岂复有贤于时百执事者哉？岂复有所计议、能补于周公之化者哉？然而周公求之如此其急，惟恐耳目有所不闻见，思虑有所未及，以负成王托周公之意，不得于天下之心。如周公之心，设使其时辅理承化之功未尽章章如是，而非圣人之才，而无叔父之亲，则将不暇食与沐矣，岂特吐哺握发为勤而止哉？维其如是，故于今颂成王之德，而称周公之功不衰。今阁下为辅相亦近耳。天下之贤才岂尽举用？奸邪谗佞欺负之徒岂尽除去？四海岂尽无虞？九夷、八蛮之在荒服之外者岂尽宾贡？天灾时变、昆虫草木之妖岂尽销息？天下之所谓礼、乐、刑、政教化之具岂尽修理？风俗岂尽敦厚？动植之物、风雨霜露之所沾被者岂尽得宜？休征嘉瑞、麟凤龟龙之属岂尽备至？其所求进见之士，虽不足以希望盛德，至比于百执事，岂尽出其下哉？其所称说，岂尽无所补哉？今虽不能如周公吐哺握发，亦宜引而进之，察其所以而去就之，不宜默默而已也。愈之待命，四十馀日矣。书再上，而志不得通。足三及门，而阍人辞焉。惟其昏愚，不知逃遁，故复有周公之说焉。阁下其亦察之。古之士三月不仕则相吊，故出疆必载质。然所以重于自进者，以其于周不可则去之鲁，于鲁不可则去之齐，于齐不可则去之宋，之郑，之秦，之楚也。今天下一君，四海一国，舍乎此则夷狄矣，去父母之邦矣。故士之行道者，不得于朝，则山林而已矣。山林者，士之所独善自养，而不忧天下者之所能安也。如有忧天下之心，则不能矣。故愈每自进而不知愧焉，书亟上，足数及门，而不知止焉。宁独如此而已，惴惴焉惟，不得出大贤之门下是惧。亦惟少垂察焉。渎冒威尊，惶恐无已。愈再拜。举手钓鳌客，削迹种瓜侯。重来吴会，三伏行见五湖秋。耳畔风波摇荡，身外功名飘忽，何路射旄头？孤负男儿志，怅望故园愁。梦中原，挥老泪，遍南州。元龙湖海豪气，百尺卧高楼。短发霜粘两鬓，清夜盆倾一雨，喜听瓦鸣沟。犹有壮心在，付与百川流。维太平不易之元，蓉桂竞芳之月，无可奈何之日，怡红院浊玉，谨以群花之蕊，冰鲛之縠，沁芳之泉，枫露之茗，四者虽微，聊以达诚申信，乃致祭于白帝宫中抚司秋艳芙蓉女儿之前曰：窃思女儿自临浊世，迄今凡十有（通“又）”六载。其先之乡籍姓氏，湮沦而莫能考者久矣。而玉得于衾枕栉沐之间，栖息宴游之夕，亲昵狎亵，相与共处者，仅五年八月有奇。忆女儿曩生之昔，其为质则金玉不足喻其贵，其为性则冰雪不足喻其洁，其为神则星日不足喻其精，其为貌则花月不足喻其色。姊娣悉慕媖娴，妪媪咸仰惠德。孰料鸠鸩恶其高，鹰鸷翻遭罦罬；薋葹妒其臭，茝兰竟被芟鉏！花原自怯，岂奈狂飙；柳本多愁，何禁骤雨！偶遭蛊虿之谗，遂抱膏肓之疚。故樱唇红褪，韵吐呻吟；杏脸香枯，色陈顑颔。诼谣謑诟，出自屏帏；荆棘蓬榛，蔓延户牖。岂招尤则替，实攘诟而终。既忳幽沉于不尽，复含罔屈于无穷。高标见嫉，闺帏恨比长沙；直烈遭危，巾帼惨于羽野。自蓄辛酸，谁怜夭折？仙云既散，芳趾难寻。洲迷聚窟，何来却死之香？海失灵槎，不获回生之药。眉黛烟青，昨犹我画；指环玉冷，今倩谁温？鼎炉之剩药犹存，襟泪之余痕尚渍。镜分鸾别，愁开麝月之奁；梳化龙飞，哀折檀云之齿。委金钿于草莽，拾翠盒于尘埃。楼空鳷鹊，徒悬七夕之针；带断鸳鸯，谁续五丝之缕？况乃金天属节，白帝司时，孤衾有梦，空室无人。桐阶月暗，芳魂与倩影同销；蓉帐香残，娇喘共细言皆绝。连天衰草，岂独蒹葭；匝地悲声，无非蟋蟀。露阶晚砌，穿帘不度寒砧；雨荔秋垣，隔院希闻怨笛。芳名未泯，檐前鹦鹉犹唿；艳质将亡，槛外海棠预萎。捉迷屏后，莲瓣无声；斗草庭前，兰芳枉待。抛残绣线，银笺彩缕谁裁？褶断冰丝，金斗御香未熨。昨承严命，既趋车而远陟芳园；今犯慈威，复拄杖而近抛孤柩。及闻蕙棺被燹，惭违共穴之盟；石椁成灾，愧迨同灰之诮。尔乃西风古寺，淹滞青燐，落日荒丘，零星白骨。楸榆飒飒，蓬艾萧萧。隔雾圹以啼猿，绕烟塍而泣鬼。自为红绡帐里，公子情深；始信黄土陇中，女儿命薄！汝南泪血，斑斑洒向西风；梓泽馀衷，默默诉凭冷月。呜唿！固鬼蜮之为灾，岂神灵而亦妒？箝诐奴之口，讨岂从宽？剖悍妇之心，忿犹未释！在卿之尘缘虽浅，而玉之鄙意尤深。因蓄惓惓之思，不禁谆谆之问。始知上帝垂旌，花宫待诏，生侪兰蕙，死辖芙蓉。听小婢之言，似涉无稽；据浊玉之思，则深为有据。何也：昔叶法善摄魂以撰碑，李长吉被诏而为记，事虽殊其理则一也。故相物以配才，苟非其人，恶乃滥乎其位？始信上帝委托权衡，可谓至洽至协，庶不负其所秉赋也。因希其不昧之灵，或陟降于兹，特不揣鄙俗之词，有污慧听。乃歌而招之曰：天何如是之苍苍兮，乘玉虬以游乎穹窿耶？地何如是之茫茫兮，驾瑶象以降乎泉壤耶？望伞盖之陆离兮，抑箕尾之光耶？列羽葆而为前导兮，卫危虚于傍耶？驱丰隆以为庇从兮，望舒月以临耶？听车轨而伊轧兮，御鸾鹥以征耶？闻馥郁而薆然兮，纫蘅杜以为纕耶？炫裙裾之烁烁兮，镂明月以为珰耶？借葳蕤而成坛畤兮，檠莲焰以烛兰膏耶？文瓠瓟以为觯斝兮，漉醽醁以浮桂醑耶？瞻云气而凝盼兮，仿佛有所觇耶？俯窈窕而属耳兮，恍惚有所闻耶？期汗漫而无夭阏兮，忍捐弃予于尘埃耶？倩风廉之为余驱车兮，冀联辔而携归耶？余中心为之慨然兮，徒噭噭而何为耶？卿偃然而长寝兮，岂天运之变于斯耶？既窀穸且安稳兮，反其真而又奚化耶？余犹桎梏而悬附兮，灵格余以嗟来耶？来兮止兮，卿其来耶？若夫鸿蒙而居，寂静以处，虽临于兹，余亦莫睹。搴烟萝而为步障，列苍蒲而森行伍。警柳眼之贪眠，释莲心之味苦。素女约于桂岩，宓妃迎于兰渚。弄玉吹笙，寒簧击敔。征嵩岳之妃，启骊山之姥。龟呈洛浦之灵，兽作咸池之舞。潜赤水兮龙吟，集珠林兮凤翥。爰格爰诚，匪簠匪莒。发轫乎霞城，还旌乎玄圃。既显微而若通，复氤氲而倏阻。离合兮烟云，空蒙兮雾雨。尘霾敛兮星高，溪山丽兮月午。何心意之忡忡，若寤寐之栩栩？余乃欷歔怅望，泣涕彷徨。人语兮寂历，天籁兮篔筜。鸟惊散而飞，鱼唼喋以响。志哀兮是祷，成礼兮期祥。呜唿哀哉！尚飨！

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guo .feng yu yi chun xiu .zui feng jun .he xu you yue .zui liu jun .xi bu zhu bian zhou .kong you shi .hua qian yi xiao .lv jin fang zhou .san yue shi liu ri .qian xiang gong jin shi han yu .jin zai bai yan xiang gong ge xia .yu wen zhou gong zhi wei fu xiang .qi ji yu jian xian ye .fang yi shi san tu qi bu .fang yi mu san wo qi fa .tian xia zhi xian cai jie yi ju yong .jian xie chan ning qi fu zhi tu jie yi chu qu .si hai jie yi wu yu .jiu yi ba man zhi zai huang fu zhi wai zhe jie yi bin gong .tian zai shi bian .kun chong cao mu zhi yao jie yi xiao xi .tian xia zhi suo wei li .le .xing .zheng jiao hua zhi ju jie yi xiu li .feng su jie yi dun hou .dong zhi zhi wu .feng yu shuang lu zhi suo zhan bei zhe jie yi de yi .xiu zheng jia rui .lin feng gui long zhi shu jie yi bei zhi .er zhou gong yi sheng ren zhi cai .ping shu fu zhi qin .qi suo fu li cheng hua zhi gong you jin zhang zhang ru shi .qi suo qiu jin jian zhi shi .qi fu you xian yu zhou gong zhe zai .bu wei bu xian yu zhou gong er yi .qi fu you xian yu shi bai zhi shi zhe zai .qi fu you suo ji yi .neng bu yu zhou gong zhi hua zhe zai .ran er zhou gong qiu zhi ru ci qi ji .wei kong er mu you suo bu wen jian .si lv you suo wei ji .yi fu cheng wang tuo zhou gong zhi yi .bu de yu tian xia zhi xin .ru zhou gong zhi xin .she shi qi shi fu li cheng hua zhi gong wei jin zhang zhang ru shi .er fei sheng ren zhi cai .er wu shu fu zhi qin .ze jiang bu xia shi yu mu yi .qi te tu bu wo fa wei qin er zhi zai .wei qi ru shi .gu yu jin song cheng wang zhi de .er cheng zhou gong zhi gong bu shuai .jin ge xia wei fu xiang yi jin er .tian xia zhi xian cai qi jin ju yong .jian xie chan ning qi fu zhi tu qi jin chu qu .si hai qi jin wu yu .jiu yi .ba man zhi zai huang fu zhi wai zhe qi jin bin gong .tian zai shi bian .kun chong cao mu zhi yao qi jin xiao xi .tian xia zhi suo wei li .le .xing .zheng jiao hua zhi ju qi jin xiu li .feng su qi jin dun hou .dong zhi zhi wu .feng yu shuang lu zhi suo zhan bei zhe qi jin de yi .xiu zheng jia rui .lin feng gui long zhi shu qi jin bei zhi .qi suo qiu jin jian zhi shi .sui bu zu yi xi wang sheng de .zhi bi yu bai zhi shi .qi jin chu qi xia zai .qi suo cheng shuo .qi jin wu suo bu zai .jin sui bu neng ru zhou gong tu bu wo fa .yi yi yin er jin zhi .cha qi suo yi er qu jiu zhi .bu yi mo mo er yi ye .yu zhi dai ming .si shi yu ri yi .shu zai shang .er zhi bu de tong .zu san ji men .er hun ren ci yan .wei qi hun yu .bu zhi tao dun .gu fu you zhou gong zhi shuo yan .ge xia qi yi cha zhi .gu zhi shi san yue bu shi ze xiang diao .gu chu jiang bi zai zhi .ran suo yi zhong yu zi jin zhe .yi qi yu zhou bu ke ze qu zhi lu .yu lu bu ke ze qu zhi qi .yu qi bu ke ze qu zhi song .zhi zheng .zhi qin .zhi chu ye .jin tian xia yi jun .si hai yi guo .she hu ci ze yi di yi .qu fu mu zhi bang yi .gu shi zhi xing dao zhe .bu de yu chao .ze shan lin er yi yi .shan lin zhe .shi zhi suo du shan zi yang .er bu you tian xia zhe zhi suo neng an ye .ru you you tian xia zhi xin .ze bu neng yi .gu yu mei zi jin er bu zhi kui yan .shu ji shang .zu shu ji men .er bu zhi zhi yan .ning du ru ci er yi .zhui zhui yan wei .bu de chu da xian zhi men xia shi ju .yi wei shao chui cha yan .du mao wei zun .huang kong wu yi .yu zai bai .ju shou diao ao ke .xiao ji zhong gua hou .zhong lai wu hui .san fu xing jian wu hu qiu .er pan feng bo yao dang .shen wai gong ming piao hu .he lu she mao tou .gu fu nan er zhi .chang wang gu yuan chou .meng zhong yuan .hui lao lei .bian nan zhou .yuan long hu hai hao qi .bai chi wo gao lou .duan fa shuang zhan liang bin .qing ye pen qing yi yu .xi ting wa ming gou .you you zhuang xin zai .fu yu bai chuan liu .wei tai ping bu yi zhi yuan .rong gui jing fang zhi yue .wu ke nai he zhi ri .yi hong yuan zhuo yu .jin yi qun hua zhi rui .bing jiao zhi hu .qin fang zhi quan .feng lu zhi ming .si zhe sui wei .liao yi da cheng shen xin .nai zhi ji yu bai di gong zhong fu si qiu yan fu rong nv er zhi qian yue .qie si nv er zi lin zhuo shi .qi jin fan shi you .tong .you ..liu zai .qi xian zhi xiang ji xing shi .yan lun er mo neng kao zhe jiu yi .er yu de yu qin zhen zhi mu zhi jian .qi xi yan you zhi xi .qin ni xia xie .xiang yu gong chu zhe .jin wu nian ba yue you qi .yi nv er nang sheng zhi xi .qi wei zhi ze jin yu bu zu yu qi gui .qi wei xing ze bing xue bu zu yu qi jie .qi wei shen ze xing ri bu zu yu qi jing .qi wei mao ze hua yue bu zu yu qi se .zi di xi mu ying xian .yu ao xian yang hui de .shu liao jiu zhen e qi gao .ying zhi fan zao fu zhuo .ci shi du qi chou .chai lan jing bei shan chu .hua yuan zi qie .qi nai kuang biao .liu ben duo chou .he jin zhou yu .ou zao gu chai zhi chan .sui bao gao huang zhi jiu .gu ying chun hong tui .yun tu shen yin .xing lian xiang ku .se chen kan han .zhuo yao xi gou .chu zi ping wei .jing ji peng zhen .man yan hu you .qi zhao you ze ti .shi rang gou er zhong .ji tun you chen yu bu jin .fu han wang qu yu wu qiong .gao biao jian ji .gui wei hen bi chang sha .zhi lie zao wei .jin guo can yu yu ye .zi xu xin suan .shui lian yao zhe .xian yun ji san .fang zhi nan xun .zhou mi ju ku .he lai que si zhi xiang .hai shi ling cha .bu huo hui sheng zhi yao .mei dai yan qing .zuo you wo hua .zhi huan yu leng .jin qian shui wen .ding lu zhi sheng yao you cun .jin lei zhi yu hen shang zi .jing fen luan bie .chou kai she yue zhi lian .shu hua long fei .ai zhe tan yun zhi chi .wei jin dian yu cao mang .shi cui he yu chen ai .lou kong zhi que .tu xuan qi xi zhi zhen .dai duan yuan yang .shui xu wu si zhi lv .kuang nai jin tian shu jie .bai di si shi .gu qin you meng .kong shi wu ren .tong jie yue an .fang hun yu qian ying tong xiao .rong zhang xiang can .jiao chuan gong xi yan jie jue .lian tian shuai cao .qi du jian jia .za di bei sheng .wu fei xi shuai .lu jie wan qi .chuan lian bu du han zhen .yu li qiu yuan .ge yuan xi wen yuan di .fang ming wei min .yan qian ying wu you hu .yan zhi jiang wang .jian wai hai tang yu wei .zhuo mi ping hou .lian ban wu sheng .dou cao ting qian .lan fang wang dai .pao can xiu xian .yin jian cai lv shui cai .zhe duan bing si .jin dou yu xiang wei yun .zuo cheng yan ming .ji qu che er yuan zhi fang yuan .jin fan ci wei .fu zhu zhang er jin pao gu jiu .ji wen hui guan bei xian .can wei gong xue zhi meng .shi guo cheng zai .kui dai tong hui zhi qiao .er nai xi feng gu si .yan zhi qing lin .luo ri huang qiu .ling xing bai gu .qiu yu sa sa .peng ai xiao xiao .ge wu kuang yi ti yuan .rao yan cheng er qi gui .zi wei hong xiao zhang li .gong zi qing shen .shi xin huang tu long zhong .nv er ming bao .ru nan lei xue .ban ban sa xiang xi feng .zi ze yu zhong .mo mo su ping leng yue .wu hu .gu gui yu zhi wei zai .qi shen ling er yi du .qian bi nu zhi kou .tao qi cong kuan .po han fu zhi xin .fen you wei shi .zai qing zhi chen yuan sui qian .er yu zhi bi yi you shen .yin xu quan quan zhi si .bu jin zhun zhun zhi wen .shi zhi shang di chui jing .hua gong dai zhao .sheng chai lan hui .si xia fu rong .ting xiao bi zhi yan .si she wu ji .ju zhuo yu zhi si .ze shen wei you ju .he ye .xi ye fa shan she hun yi zhuan bei .li chang ji bei zhao er wei ji .shi sui shu qi li ze yi ye .gu xiang wu yi pei cai .gou fei qi ren .e nai lan hu qi wei .shi xin shang di wei tuo quan heng .ke wei zhi qia zhi xie .shu bu fu qi suo bing fu ye .yin xi qi bu mei zhi ling .huo zhi jiang yu zi .te bu chuai bi su zhi ci .you wu hui ting .nai ge er zhao zhi yue .tian he ru shi zhi cang cang xi .cheng yu qiu yi you hu qiong long ye .di he ru shi zhi mang mang xi .jia yao xiang yi jiang hu quan rang ye .wang san gai zhi lu li xi .yi ji wei zhi guang ye .lie yu bao er wei qian dao xi .wei wei xu yu bang ye .qu feng long yi wei bi cong xi .wang shu yue yi lin ye .ting che gui er yi zha xi .yu luan yi yi zheng ye .wen fu yu er ai ran xi .ren heng du yi wei rang ye .xuan qun ju zhi shuo shuo xi .lou ming yue yi wei dang ye .jie wei rui er cheng tan zhi xi .qing lian yan yi zhu lan gao ye .wen hu bo yi wei zhi jia xi .lu ling lu yi fu gui xu ye .zhan yun qi er ning pan xi .fang fo you suo chan ye .fu yao tiao er shu er xi .huang hu you suo wen ye .qi han man er wu yao e xi .ren juan qi yu yu chen ai ye .qian feng lian zhi wei yu qu che xi .ji lian pei er xie gui ye .yu zhong xin wei zhi kai ran xi .tu jiao jiao er he wei ye .qing yan ran er chang qin xi .qi tian yun zhi bian yu si ye .ji zhun xi qie an wen xi .fan qi zhen er you xi hua ye .yu you zhi gu er xuan fu xi .ling ge yu yi jie lai ye .lai xi zhi xi .qing qi lai ye .ruo fu hong meng er ju .ji jing yi chu .sui lin yu zi .yu yi mo du .qian yan luo er wei bu zhang .lie cang pu er sen xing wu .jing liu yan zhi tan mian .shi lian xin zhi wei ku .su nv yue yu gui yan .mi fei ying yu lan zhu .nong yu chui sheng .han huang ji yu .zheng song yue zhi fei .qi li shan zhi lao .gui cheng luo pu zhi ling .shou zuo xian chi zhi wu .qian chi shui xi long yin .ji zhu lin xi feng zhu .yuan ge yuan cheng .fei fu fei ju .fa ren hu xia cheng .huan jing hu xuan pu .ji xian wei er ruo tong .fu yin yun er shu zu .li he xi yan yun .kong meng xi wu yu .chen mai lian xi xing gao .xi shan li xi yue wu .he xin yi zhi chong chong .ruo wu mei zhi xu xu .yu nai xi xu chang wang .qi ti fang huang .ren yu xi ji li .tian lai xi yun dang .niao jing san er fei .yu sha die yi xiang .zhi ai xi shi dao .cheng li xi qi xiang .wu hu ai zai .shang xiang .

李白和杜甫的诗篇曾经被成千上万的人传(chuan)颂，现在读起来感觉已经没有什么新(xin)意了。
（98）幸：希望。客舍前的梅花已经凋残(can)(can)，溪桥(qiao)旁新生细柳轻垂，春风踏芳草远行人跃马扬鞭。走得越远离愁越没有穷尽，像那迢迢不(bu)断的春江之水。
“我报”二句：意谓人生路长而时光渐晚，徒有诗才，志事难酬。报，回答。路长：意仿《离骚》上的“路曼曼其修远兮，吾将上下而求索”。王灼《碧鸡漫志》云：李清照少时便有古诗名气，“才力华赡，逼近前辈。”但男女不平等的封建社会，其才华被扼制，不能有所作为，故说“谩有”。谩：徒，空。惊人句，化用(yong)《江上值水如海上势聊短述》有“语不惊人死不休”诗句祖先携宝迁居岐山，如何能使百姓前来依傍？
（4）命：指(zhi)周厉王苛虐的政令。驿站之外的断桥边(bian)，梅花孤单寂寞地绽开了花，无人过问。暮色降临，梅花无依无靠，已经够愁苦了，却又遭到了风雨的摧残。
①飘篷：形容人象蓬草一样飘泊无定。正(zheng)士诚笃终始如一，情谊深长连(lian)续稳固。仆夫驾车迅捷疾速出发，和铃锵锵扬声鸣响不停。
②乞巧：农历七月初七晚上，妇女向月穿针的风俗。

　　“枝头抱香死”比“抱香枝上老”更为痛切悲壮，且语气磅礴誓无反顾。“何曾吹落北风中”和“不随黄叶舞秋风”相较，前者质询，语气坚定；后者陈述，一个“舞”字带来了些许佻达的情调，与主题略显游离。更重要的是，前者点出“北风”，分明指向起于北方的蒙古汗国，反抗之情，跃然纸上。
　　此诗从“四弦才罢”、蛮奴醉倒落笔，不正面描写宴会场面，但宴会气氛的热烈，歌伎奏乐的和谐悦耳，朋友们举杯痛饮的欢乐，诗人一醉方休的豪兴，无不透过语言的暗示作用流露出来，给人以想象酒宴盛况的余地。这种侧面透露的写法，比正面直述既经济而又含蓄有力。“蛮奴”上着一“醉”字，煞是妙极：既刻画了诗人畅饮至醉的情怀，又表明酒质实在醇美，具有一股诱人至醉的力量；这“醉”字还为下文的“醒”渲染了醉眼蒙眬的环境、气氛。当诗人一觉醒来，“翠炉”的酒气仍然扑鼻，“馀香”诱人。这个细节，不仅写出了酃醁质量高、香味历时不散的特点，而且点出了诗人嗜酒的癖性。在古代，不得志的正直之士，往往和酒结下不解之缘。这里，诗人虽只暗示自己嗜酒，但却掩饰不住内心的愁。手法可谓极尽含蓄、曲折之能事。
　　“文章或论到渊奥，轻重曾不遗毫厘，间以辨谑每绝倒，岂顾明日无晨炊。”这一段描写笔墨酣畅，兴会淋漓，生动地传达出宾主契合无间、畅谈不觉忘情的动人情景，将诗情推向高潮。
　　这两首诗是李商隐众多咏物诗中的优秀作品。其格调比《安定城楼》更为凄凉、哀婉，与后期创作的大部分作品风格一致。前一首以奇特的联想写牡丹，由牡丹想到遥卧的美人，用惆怅的美人写败落的牡丹，让人产生无尽的联想，且意象丰富，诗境优美，冷艳，表达精致婉曲。后一首则借牡丹寄慨身世，把自己的感受和情绪融进物中，物我一体。把感伤情绪注入朦胧瑰丽的诗境，用哀婉的情调、美丽的形象和词采，写出了自己的心境和感受，其风格已大不似前。而这样托物寄情的咏物诗却大量出现在他以后的诗歌创作中，每一首都那样哀伤、凄艳。这组诗对他以后的咏物诗产生了重要的影响，也标志着他独特创作风格的真正形成。
　　最后一段虽然只有四句，却照应开头，涉及所有人物，写出了事件的结局和作者的感受。“夜久语声绝，如闻泣幽咽。”表明老妇已被抓走，走·时低声哭泣，越走越远，便听不到哭声了。“夜久”二字，反映了老妇一再哭诉、县吏百般威逼的漫长过程。“如闻”二字，一方面表现了儿媳妇因丈夫战死、婆婆被“捉”而泣不成声，另一方面也显示出诗人以关切的心情倾耳细听，通夜未能入睡。“天明登前途，独与老翁别”两句，收尽全篇，于叙事中含无限深情。前一天傍晚投宿之时，老翁、老妇双双迎接诗人，而时隔一夜，老妇被捉走，儿媳妇泣不成声，只能与逃走归来的老翁作别了。老翁的心情怎样，诗人作何感想，这些都给读者留下了想象的余地。
　　中间两句是转折句，起承上启下的作用。诗人原本以为这种同赴侯门、走马章台、献赋金宫、醉卧酒筵的得意生活会永远持续下去，谁知好景不长，平地风雷，安史之乱爆发了。“函谷忽惊胡马来”，即指安史叛军攻陷潼关，占领东西两京。一个“忽”字表现出这次战乱的出乎意料，忽然之间，平静的生活就这样被打乱了，诗人再也无法过以前那种无忧无虑的生活了。
　　首句“四郊飞雪暗云端”，侧重写华清宫外的大雪。一个“飞”字具有动态的美感，绘出了离宫禁城四郊朔风呼啸，雪花飞舞的景色；一个“暗”字，从色彩的角度写出大雪排空而至的威势，由视觉感受勾出触觉感受，令人极易从诗歌画面中领略到宫外刺骨的寒意，给人一种凛冽感。
　　第十一首诗，诗人选择了两块不寻常的岩石，描写它们雄奇峻峭的姿态，绘制了一幅十分壮观的画面，倾诉了诗人对秋浦山水的爱慕之情。
　　第二部分从“僧言古壁佛画好”至“清月出岭光入扉”，写入寺后一夜的情景。这里一部分先写僧人的热情招待，先是主动地向客人介绍古壁佛画，兴致勃勃地擎着蜡烛引着客人前去观看。“稀”字既道出壁画的珍贵，也生动地显露出诗人的惊喜之情。接着写僧人的殷勤铺床置饭，“疏粝亦足饱我饥”，一见僧人生活的简朴，二见诗人对僧家招待的满意之情。后两句写夜深入睡，“百虫绝”从反面衬托出深山古庙虫鸣之盛，直到夜深之后才鸣声渐息。“清月出岭光入扉”，很有李白“床前明月光”诗句的意境，使人有无限静寂之感。
　　一个《春雨》李商隐 古诗绵绵的早晨，诗中的男主人公穿着白布夹衫，和衣怅卧。他的心中究竟隐藏着什么？究竟何以如此呢？诗在点明怅卧之后，用一句话作了概括的交待 ：“白门寥落意多违 。”据南朝民歌《杨叛儿》：“暂出白门前，杨柳可藏乌。欢作沉水香，侬作博山炉 。”白门当指男女欢会之所。过去的欢会处，今日寂寞冷落，不再看见对方的踪影。与所爱者分离的失意，便是他愁思百结地怅卧的原因。怅卧中，他的思绪浮动，回味着最后一次访见对方的情景：“红楼隔雨相望冷，珠箔飘灯独自归。”仍然是对方住过的那座熟悉的红楼，但是他没有勇气走进去，甚至没有勇气再靠近它一点，只是隔着雨凝视着。往日在他的感觉里，是那样亲切温存的红楼，如今是那样地凄寒。在这红楼前，他究竟站了多久，也许连自己都不清楚。他发现周围的街巷灯火已经亮了，雨从亮着灯光的窗口前飘过，恍如一道道珠帘。在这珠帘的闪烁中，他才迷蒙地沿着悠长而又寂寥的雨巷独自走回来。