秦峰苍翠，耶溪潇洒，千岩万壑争流。鸳瓦雉城，谯门画戟，蓬莱燕阁三休。天际识归舟，泛五湖烟月，西子同游。茂草台荒，苎萝村冷起闲愁。何人览古凝眸。怅朱颜易失，翠被难留。梅市旧书，兰亭古墨，依稀风韵生秋。狂客鉴湖头，有百年台沼，终日夷犹。最好金龟换酒，相与醉沧州。剑外从军远，无家与寄衣。散关三尺雪，回梦旧鸳机。夫治乱，运也；穷达，命也；贵贱，时也。故运之将隆，必生圣明之君。圣明之君，必有忠贤之臣。其所以相遇也，不求而自合；其所以相亲也，不介而自亲。唱之而必和，谋之而必从，道德玄同，曲折合符，得失不能疑其志，谗构不能离其交，然后得成功也。其所以得然者，岂徒人事哉？授之者天也，告之者神也，成之者运也。夫黄河清而圣人生，里社鸣而圣人出，群龙见而圣人用。故伊尹，有莘氏之媵臣也，而阿衡于商。太公，渭滨之贱老也，而尚父于周。百里奚在虞而虞亡，在秦而秦霸，非不才于虞而才于秦也。张良受黄石之符，诵三略之说，以游于群雄，其言也，如以水投石，莫之受也；及其遭汉祖，其言也，如以石投水，莫之逆也。非张良之拙说于陈项，而巧言于沛公也。然则张良之言一也，不识其所以合离？合离之由，神明之道也。故彼四贤者，名载于箓图，事应乎天人，其可格之贤愚哉？孔子曰：“清明在躬，气志如神。嗜欲将至，有开必先。天降时雨，山川出云。”诗云：“惟岳降神，生甫及申；惟申及甫，惟周之翰。”运命之谓也。岂惟兴主，乱亡者亦如之焉。幽王之惑褒女也，祅始于夏庭。曹伯阳之获公孙强也，征发于社宫。叔孙豹之昵竖牛也，祸成于庚宗。吉凶成败，各以数至。咸皆不求而自合，不介而自亲矣。昔者，圣人受命河洛曰：以文命者，七九而衰；以武兴者，六八而谋。及成王定鼎于郏鄏，卜世三十，卜年七百，天所命也。故自幽厉之间，周道大坏，二霸之后，礼乐陵迟。文薄之弊，渐于灵景；辩诈之伪，成于七国。酷烈之极，积于亡秦；文章之贵，弃于汉祖。虽仲尼至圣，颜冉大贤，揖让于规矩之内，訚訚于洙、泗之上，不能遏其端；孟轲、孙卿体二希圣，从容正道，不能维其末，天下卒至于溺而不可援。夫以仲尼之才也，而器不周于鲁卫；以仲尼之辩也，而言不行于定哀；以仲尼之谦也，而见忌于子西；以仲尼之仁也，而取仇于桓魋；以仲尼之智也，而屈厄于陈蔡；以仲尼之行也，而招毁于叔孙。夫道足以济天下，而不得贵于人；言足以经万世，而不见信于时；行足以应神明，而不能弥纶于俗；应聘七十国，而不一获其主；驱骤于蛮夏之域，屈辱于公卿之门，其不遇也如此。及其孙子思，希圣备体，而未之至，封己养高，势动人主。其所游历诸侯，莫不结驷而造门；虽造门犹有不得宾者焉。其徒子夏，升堂而未入于室者也。退老于家，魏文候师之，西河之人肃然归德，比之于夫子而莫敢间其言。故曰：治乱，运也；穷达，命也；贵贱，时也。而后之君子，区区于一主，叹息于一朝。屈原以之沈湘，贾谊以之发愤，不亦过乎！然则圣人所以为圣者，盖在乎乐天知命矣。故遇之而不怨，居之而不疑也。其身可抑，而道不可屈；其位可排，而名不可夺。譬如水也，通之斯为川焉，塞之斯为渊焉，升之于云则雨施，沈之于地则土润。体清以洗物，不乱于浊；受浊以济物，不伤于清。是以圣人处穷达如一也。夫忠直之迕于主，独立之负于俗，理势然也。故木秀于林，风必摧之；堆出于岸，流必湍之；行高于人，众必非之。前监不远，覆车继轨。然而志士仁人，犹蹈之而弗悔，操之而弗失，何哉？将以遂志而成名也。求遂其志，而冒风波于险涂；求成其名，而历谤议于当时。彼所以处之，盖有算矣。子夏曰：“死生有命，富贵在天”故道之将行也，命之将贵也，则伊尹吕尚之兴于商周，百里子房之用于秦汉，不求而自得，不徼而自遇矣。道之将废也，命之将贱也，岂独君子耻之而弗为乎？盖亦知为之而弗得矣。凡希世苟合之士，蘧蒢戚之人，俛仰尊贵之颜，逶迤势利之间，意无是非，赞之如流；言无可否，应之如响。以窥看为精神，以向背为变通。势之所集，从之如归市；势之所去，弃之如脱遗。其言曰：名与身孰亲也？得与失孰贤也？荣与辱孰珍也？故遂絜其衣服，矜其车徒，冒其货贿，淫其声色，脉脉然自以为得矣。盖见龙逢、比干之亡其身，而不惟飞廉、恶来之灭其族也。盖知伍子胥之属镂于吴，而不戒费无忌之诛夷于楚也。盖讥汲黯之白首于主爵，而不惩张汤牛车之祸也。盖笑萧望之跋踬于前，而不惧石显之绞缢于后也。故夫达者之筭也，亦各有尽矣。曰：凡人之所以奔竞于富贵，何为者哉？若夫立德必须贵乎？则幽厉之为天子，不如仲尼之为陪臣也。必须势乎？则王莽、董贤之为三公，不如杨雄、仲舒之阒其门也。必须富乎？则齐景之千驷，不如颜回、原宪之约其身也。其为实乎？则执杓而饮河者，不过满腹；弃室而洒雨者，不过濡身；过此以往，弗能受也。其为名乎？则善恶书于史册，毁誉流于千载；赏罚悬于天道，吉凶灼乎鬼神，固可畏也。将以娱耳目、乐心意乎？譬命驾而游五都之市，则天下之货毕陈矣。褰裳而涉汶阳之丘，则天下之稼如云矣。椎紒而守敖庾、海陵之仓，则山坻之积在前矣。扱衽而登钟山、蓝田之上，则夜光玙璠之珍可观矣。夫如是也，为物甚众，为己甚寡，不爱其身，而啬其神。风惊尘起，散而不止。六疾待其前，五刑随其后。利害生其左，攻夺出其右，而自以为见身名之亲疏，分荣辱之客主哉。天地之大德曰生，圣人之大宝曰位，何以守位曰仁，何以正人曰义。故古之王者，盖以一人治天下，不以天下奉一人也。古之仕者，盖以官行其义，不以利冒其官也。古之君子，盖耻得之而弗能治也，不耻能治而弗得也。原乎天人之性，核乎邪正之分，权乎祸福之门，终乎荣辱之算，其昭然矣。故君子舍彼取此。若夫出处不违其时，默语不失其人，天动星回而辰极犹居其所，玑旋轮转，而衡轴犹执其中，既明且哲，以保其身，贻厥孙谋，以燕翼子者，昔吾先友，尝从事于斯矣。春岸桃花水，云帆枫树林。偷生长避地，适远更沾襟。老病南征日，君恩北望心。百年歌自苦，未见有知音。河上望丛祠，庙前春雨来时。楚山无限鸟飞迟，兰棹空伤别离。何处杜鹃啼不歇？艳红开尽如血。蝉鬓美人愁绝，百花芳草佳节。澹烟疏雨间斜阳，江色鲜明海气凉。蜃散云收破楼阁，虹残水照断桥粱。风翻白浪花千片，雁点青天字一行。好着丹青图画取，题诗寄与水曹郎。排比铺张特一途，藩篱如此亦区区。少陵自有连城璧，争奈微之识碔砆。来日一身，携粮负薪。道长食尽，苦口焦唇。今日醉饱，乐过千春。仙人相存，诱我远学。海凌三山，陆憩五岳。乘龙天飞，目瞻两角。授以神药，金丹满握。蟪蛄蒙恩，深愧短促。思填东海，强衔一木。道重天地，轩师广成。蝉翼九五，以求长生。下士大笑，如苍蝇声。多少泪，沾袖复横颐。心事莫将和泪滴，凤笙休向月明吹，肠断更无疑。一川松竹任横斜，有人家，被云遮。雪后疏梅，时见两三花。比着桃源溪上路，风景好，不争多。旗亭有酒径须赊，晚寒些，怎禁他。醉里匆匆，归骑自随车。白发苍颜吾老矣，只此地，是生涯。春蚕成丝复成绢，养得夏蚕重剥茧。绢未脱轴拟输官，丝未落车图赎典。一春一夏为蚕忙，织妇布衣仍布裳。有布得着犹自可，今年无麻愁杀我。

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ye .gao zhi zhe shen ye .cheng zhi zhe yun ye .fu huang he qing er sheng ren sheng .li she ming er sheng ren chu .qun long jian er sheng ren yong .gu yi yin .you xin shi zhi ying chen ye .er a heng yu shang .tai gong .wei bin zhi jian lao ye .er shang fu yu zhou .bai li xi zai yu er yu wang .zai qin er qin ba .fei bu cai yu yu er cai yu qin ye .zhang liang shou huang shi zhi fu .song san lue zhi shuo .yi you yu qun xiong .qi yan ye .ru yi shui tou shi .mo zhi shou ye .ji qi zao han zu .qi yan ye .ru yi shi tou shui .mo zhi ni ye .fei zhang liang zhi zhuo shuo yu chen xiang .er qiao yan yu pei gong ye .ran ze zhang liang zhi yan yi ye .bu shi qi suo yi he li .he li zhi you .shen ming zhi dao ye .gu bi si xian zhe .ming zai yu lu tu .shi ying hu tian ren .qi ke ge zhi xian yu zai .kong zi yue ..qing ming zai gong .qi zhi ru shen .shi yu jiang zhi .you kai bi xian .tian jiang shi yu .shan chuan chu yun ..shi yun ..wei yue jiang shen .sheng fu ji shen .wei shen ji fu .wei zhou zhi han 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ni zhi bian ye .er yan bu xing yu ding ai .yi zhong ni zhi qian ye .er jian ji yu zi xi .yi zhong ni zhi ren ye .er qu chou yu huan tui .yi zhong ni zhi zhi ye .er qu e yu chen cai .yi zhong ni zhi xing ye .er zhao hui yu shu sun .fu dao zu yi ji tian xia .er bu de gui yu ren .yan zu yi jing wan shi .er bu jian xin yu shi .xing zu yi ying shen ming .er bu neng mi lun yu su .ying pin qi shi guo .er bu yi huo qi zhu .qu zhou yu man xia zhi yu .qu ru yu gong qing zhi men .qi bu yu ye ru ci .ji qi sun zi si .xi sheng bei ti .er wei zhi zhi .feng ji yang gao .shi dong ren zhu .qi suo you li zhu hou .mo bu jie si er zao men .sui zao men you you bu de bin zhe yan .qi tu zi xia .sheng tang er wei ru yu shi zhe ye .tui lao yu jia .wei wen hou shi zhi .xi he zhi ren su ran gui de .bi zhi yu fu zi er mo gan jian qi yan .gu yue .zhi luan .yun ye .qiong da .ming ye .gui jian .shi ye .er hou zhi jun zi .qu qu yu yi zhu .tan xi yu yi chao .qu yuan yi zhi shen xiang .jia yi yi zhi fa fen .bu yi guo hu .ran ze sheng ren suo yi wei sheng zhe .gai zai hu le tian zhi ming yi .gu yu zhi er bu yuan .ju zhi er bu yi ye .qi shen ke yi .er dao bu ke qu .qi wei ke pai .er ming bu ke duo .pi ru shui ye .tong zhi si wei chuan yan .sai zhi si wei yuan yan .sheng zhi yu yun ze yu shi .shen zhi yu di ze tu run .ti qing yi xi wu .bu luan yu zhuo .shou zhuo yi ji wu .bu shang yu qing .shi yi sheng ren chu qiong da ru yi ye .fu zhong zhi zhi wu yu zhu .du li zhi fu yu su .li shi ran ye .gu mu xiu yu lin .feng bi cui zhi .dui chu yu an .liu bi tuan zhi .xing gao yu ren .zhong bi fei zhi .qian jian bu yuan .fu che ji gui .ran er zhi shi ren ren .you dao zhi er fu hui .cao zhi er fu shi .he zai .jiang yi sui zhi er cheng ming ye .qiu sui qi zhi .er mao feng bo yu xian tu .qiu cheng qi ming .er li bang yi yu dang shi .bi suo yi chu zhi .gai you suan yi .zi xia yue ..si sheng you ming .fu gui zai tian .gu dao zhi jiang xing ye .ming zhi jiang gui ye .ze yi yin lv shang zhi xing yu shang zhou .bai li zi fang zhi yong yu qin han .bu qiu er zi de .bu jiao er zi yu yi .dao zhi jiang fei ye .ming zhi jiang jian ye .qi du jun zi chi zhi er fu wei hu .gai yi zhi wei zhi er fu de yi .fan xi shi gou he zhi shi .qu chu qi zhi ren .mian yang zun gui zhi yan .wei yi shi li zhi jian .yi wu shi fei .zan zhi ru liu .yan wu ke fou .ying zhi ru xiang .yi kui kan wei jing shen .yi xiang bei wei bian tong .shi zhi suo ji .cong zhi ru gui shi .shi zhi suo qu .qi zhi ru tuo yi .qi yan yue .ming yu shen shu qin ye .de yu shi shu xian ye .rong yu ru shu zhen ye .gu sui xie qi yi fu .jin qi che tu .mao qi huo hui .yin qi sheng se .mai mai ran zi yi wei de yi .gai jian long feng .bi gan zhi wang qi shen .er bu wei fei lian .e lai zhi mie qi zu ye .gai zhi wu zi xu zhi shu lou yu wu .er bu jie fei wu ji zhi zhu yi yu chu ye .gai ji ji an zhi bai shou yu zhu jue .er bu cheng zhang tang niu che zhi huo ye .gai xiao xiao wang zhi ba zhi yu qian .er bu ju shi xian zhi jiao yi yu hou ye .gu fu da zhe zhi suan ye .yi ge you jin yi .yue .fan ren zhi suo yi ben jing yu fu gui .he wei zhe zai .ruo fu li de bi xu gui hu .ze you li zhi wei tian zi .bu ru zhong ni zhi wei pei chen ye .bi xu shi hu .ze wang mang .dong xian zhi wei san gong .bu ru yang xiong .zhong shu zhi qu qi men ye .bi xu fu hu .ze qi jing zhi qian si .bu ru yan hui .yuan xian zhi yue qi shen ye .qi wei shi hu .ze zhi biao er yin he zhe .bu guo man fu .qi shi er sa yu zhe .bu guo ru shen .guo ci yi wang .fu neng shou ye .qi wei ming hu .ze shan e shu yu shi ce .hui yu liu yu qian zai .shang fa xuan yu tian dao .ji xiong zhuo hu gui shen .gu ke wei ye .jiang yi yu er mu .le xin yi hu .pi ming jia er you wu du zhi shi .ze tian xia zhi huo bi chen yi .qian shang er she wen yang zhi qiu .ze tian xia zhi jia ru yun yi .zhui ji er shou ao yu .hai ling zhi cang .ze shan di zhi ji zai qian yi .cha ren er deng zhong shan .lan tian zhi shang .ze ye guang yu fan zhi zhen ke guan yi .fu ru shi ye .wei wu shen zhong .wei ji shen gua .bu ai qi shen .er se qi shen .feng jing chen qi .san er bu zhi .liu ji dai qi qian .wu xing sui qi hou .li hai sheng qi zuo .gong duo chu qi you .er zi yi wei jian shen ming zhi qin shu .fen rong ru zhi ke zhu zai .tian di zhi da de yue sheng .sheng ren zhi da bao yue wei .he yi shou wei yue ren .he yi zheng ren yue yi .gu gu zhi wang zhe .gai yi yi ren zhi tian xia .bu yi tian xia feng yi ren ye .gu zhi shi zhe .gai yi guan xing qi yi .bu yi li mao qi guan ye .gu zhi jun zi .gai chi de zhi er fu neng zhi ye .bu chi neng zhi er fu de ye .yuan hu tian ren zhi xing .he hu xie zheng zhi fen .quan hu huo fu zhi men .zhong hu rong ru zhi suan .qi zhao ran yi .gu jun zi she bi qu ci .ruo fu chu chu bu wei qi shi .mo yu bu shi qi ren .tian dong xing hui er chen ji you ju qi suo .ji xuan lun zhuan .er heng zhou you zhi qi zhong .ji ming qie zhe .yi bao qi shen .yi jue sun mou .yi yan yi zi zhe .xi wu xian you .chang cong shi yu si yi .chun an tao hua shui .yun fan feng shu lin .tou sheng chang bi di .shi yuan geng zhan jin .lao bing nan zheng ri .jun en bei wang xin .bai nian ge zi ku .wei jian you zhi yin .he shang wang cong ci .miao qian chun yu lai shi .chu shan wu xian niao fei chi .lan zhao kong shang bie li .he chu du juan ti bu xie .yan hong kai jin ru xue .chan bin mei ren chou jue .bai hua fang cao jia jie .dan yan shu yu jian xie yang .jiang se xian ming hai qi liang .shen san yun shou po lou ge .hong can shui zhao duan qiao liang .feng fan bai lang hua qian pian .yan dian qing tian zi yi xing .hao zhuo dan qing tu hua qu .ti shi ji yu shui cao lang .pai bi pu zhang te yi tu .fan li ru ci yi qu qu .shao ling zi you lian cheng bi .zheng nai wei zhi shi wu fu .lai ri yi shen .xie liang fu xin .dao chang shi jin .ku kou jiao chun .jin ri zui bao .le guo qian chun .xian ren xiang cun .you wo yuan xue .hai ling san shan .lu qi wu yue .cheng long tian fei .mu zhan liang jiao .shou yi shen yao .jin dan man wo .hui gu meng en .shen kui duan cu .si tian dong hai .qiang xian yi mu .dao zhong tian di .xuan shi guang cheng .chan yi jiu wu .yi qiu chang sheng .xia shi da xiao .ru cang ying sheng .duo shao lei .zhan xiu fu heng yi .xin shi mo jiang he lei di .feng sheng xiu xiang yue ming chui .chang duan geng wu yi .yi chuan song zhu ren heng xie .you ren jia .bei yun zhe .xue hou shu mei .shi jian liang san hua .bi zhuo tao yuan xi shang lu .feng jing hao .bu zheng duo .qi ting you jiu jing xu she .wan han xie .zen jin ta .zui li cong cong .gui qi zi sui che .bai fa cang yan wu lao yi .zhi ci di .shi sheng ya .chun can cheng si fu cheng juan .yang de xia can zhong bao jian .juan wei tuo zhou ni shu guan .si wei luo che tu shu dian .yi chun yi xia wei can mang .zhi fu bu yi reng bu shang .you bu de zhuo you zi ke .jin nian wu ma chou sha wo .

一轮清冷的月亮正在东边的岭上升起，清越的声音是(shi)水流(liu)冲刷着稀疏的竹根。
⑻美人：指林栖者山林高士、隐士仙(xian)府的石门，訇的一声从中间打开。
240、处：隐居。继承前人未竟事业，终于完成先父遗志。
20．修：置办，整治。薄具：指菲薄的肴馔饮食，自谦的话。只有(you)牡丹才是真正的天姿色，到了开花的季(ji)节引得无数的人来欣赏，惊动了整个长安城。
131.妺（mò）嬉（xī）何肆，汤何殛（jí）焉：妺嬉，即末喜，夏桀的元妃，为夏桀所宠，后被(bei)抛弃，于是与商汤的谋臣伊尹结交，灭了夏桀。闻一多说：“桀伐蒙山得妺嬉，妺嬉终与伊尹交而亡(wang)夏，是蒙山之役，得不偿失，故曰‘何所得焉’。”肆，罪(zui)。殛，流放。妺嬉既帮汤灭了夏桀，她有何罪，而被汤也流放到了南巢？贱妾孤零零的空守闺房，忧愁的时候思念君子啊，我不能忘怀。不知(zhi)不觉中珠泪下落，打湿了我的衣裳。
（20）炰烋（páo xiào）：同“咆哮”。茧纸书写的《兰亭集序》真迹已埋入昭陵，人间还遗留下王羲之龙腾虎跃的字形。
意：同"臆"，估计，怀疑，猜想。

　　时间的变化：忽——无何——未几——忽——既而——逾时——倏忽
　　《《雪赋》谢惠连 古诗》以历史人物问答铺陈描写结构全篇。赋首先叙述了冬日里的一个黄昏（岁将暮，时既昏）”，当时的天气不大好，寒风凛冽，阴云四起，大雪纷飞（寒风积，愁云繁）。“梁王不悦”，可以理解为心情不大好，于是率宾朋游于兔园，命人摆上美酒（乃置旨酒，旨酒即美酒）。邹阳、枚乘、司马相如先后莅临。邹阳是西汉时期的文学家，山东淄博人，著有《上吴王书》等文作；枚乘也是西汉时的文学家，江苏淮阴人，代表作《七发》：司马相如大家都很熟悉，就是跟卓文君私奔那哥们，著名辞赋家，在中国文学史上有着非常重要的地位。相如来得可能稍晚一些（相如末至），居客之右，古代座次以右为尊, 右面可是上座，这说明司马相如在梁王心目中是很有地位的。面对漫天大雪，梁王首先吟咏了《诗经》中有关雪的诗句，根据赋中写到的《北风》于卫诗和《南山》于周雅，梁王吟的应该是“北风其凉，雨雪其雱（pang）”、“上天同云，雨雪雰雰”这两句。吟毕，授简于司马相如。“简”是战国至魏晋时期写书的竹片。曰：“抽子秘思，骋子妍辞，侔色揣称，为寡人赋之。”意思是说你要以神奇的思想，妍丽的文辞，惟妙惟肖恰到好处的描摹雪景。
　　后二联便是写觉悟和学佛。诗人觉悟到的真理是万物有生必有灭，大自然是永存的，而人及万物都是短暂的。人，从出生到老死的过程不可改变。诗人从自己嗟老的忧伤，想到了宣扬神仙长生不老的道教。诗人感叹“黄金不可成”，就是否定神仙方术之事，指明炼丹服药祈求长生的虚妄，而认为只有信奉佛教，才能从根本上消除人生的悲哀，解脱生老病死的痛苦。佛教讲灭寂，要求人从心灵中清除七情六欲，是谓“无生”。倘使果真如此，当然不仅根除老病的痛苦，一切人生苦恼也都不再觉得了。诗人正是从这个意义上去皈依佛门的。
　　孟浩然与王昌龄同为盛唐优秀的诗人，诗风虽迥然相异，但互为知己，且“数年同笔砚”。诗的前四句既有眼前所见之景，又融合了想象中的征途之景，四句诗出现了三个不同的地名，行人的颠沛流离之苦不言而喻，“爱”和“愁”两字鲜明地刻画出分别时的依依不舍。中间四句如述家常，“无”和“有”点明诗人的倾其所 有来款待远道而来的友人。“已”和“更”是诗人常用的手法，知天命之年，悲愁却接踵而来，层层相压。后四句直接叙说两人的友情，分别之后将是漫长的怀念。 何时才能再相见呢？
　　“东壁图书府，西园翰墨林。”意谓：丽正殿设了书院，成了文人学士聚会赋诗的地方。东、壁，传说是主管天下文人的两种星宿；西园则是三国时期曹植设置的招集文士的学苑。作者在此以一双典故入诗，极写修建书院之盛举德顺长明，甚合天地古今之道。这是一种铺叙，同时隐含着读书人的儒雅清高。
　　颔联“正见空江明月来，云水苍茫失江路”。“空江”二字，固然指洞庭湖口空旷开阔的景象，也暗示了诗人刚从遐想中醒来时的一片茫然之情,天地的空阔正显出了孤舟（即诗人）的渺小孤独无助。但月亮却是有情有义的，能及时而来，与诗人默然相对，为诗人排解贬谪夷陵的失意情怀。“空江明月”正是为写“失江路”做好了铺垫。诗人似乎想到了王勃的“关山难越，谁悲失路之人”，面对皎皎明月，面对“云水苍茫”的大江，诗人情不自禁要发出“路在何方”的疑问和叹惋。
　　“彤庭”四句，沉痛极了。一丝一缕都出于女工之手，朝廷却用横暴鞭挞的方式攫夺来。然后皇帝再分赏群臣，叫他们好好地为朝廷效力。群臣如果忽视了这个道理，辜负国恩，就等于白扔了。然而王公大臣却都是如此，诗人心中根本不能平静。“臣如忽至理，君岂弃此物”，句中“如”、“岂”两个虚词，一进一退，逼问有力。百姓已痛苦不堪，而朝廷之上却挤满了这班贪婪庸鄙、毫无心肝的家伙，国事的危险如同千钧一发，仁人的心应该是会战栗的。