痛饮复高歌，愁终不奈何。家山随日远，身事逐年多。相逢记得画桥头，花似精神柳似柔。莫谓无情即无语，春风传意水传愁。仙桂那容鸟寄枝。纤草不销春气力，微尘还助岳形仪。侯门莫问曾游处，槐柳影中肝胆倾。月日，居易白。微之足下：自足下谪江陵至于今，凡枉赠答诗仅百篇。每诗来，或辱序，或辱书，冠于卷首，皆所以陈古今歌诗之义，且自叙为文因缘，与年月之远近也。仆既受足下诗，又谕足下此意，常欲承答来旨，粗论歌诗大端，并自述为文之意，总为一书，致足下前。累岁已来，牵故少暇，间有容隙，或欲为之；又自思所陈，亦无出足下之见；临纸复罢者数四，卒不能成就其志，以至于今。今俟罪浔阳，除盥栉食寝外无余事，因览足下去通州日所留新旧文二十六轴，开卷得意，忽如会面，心所畜者，便欲快言，往往自疑，不知相去万里也。既而愤悱之气，思有所浊，遂追就前志，勉为此书，足下幸试为仆留意一省。夫文，尚矣，三才各有文。天之文三光首之；地之文五材首之；人之文《六经》首之。就《六经》言，《诗》又首之。何者？圣人感人心而天下和平。感人心者，莫先乎情，莫始乎言，莫切乎声，莫深乎义。诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。上自圣贤，下至愚騃，微及豚鱼，幽及鬼神。群分而气同，形异而情一。未有声入而不应、情交而不感者。圣人知其然，因其言，经之以六义；缘其声，纬之以五音。音有韵，义有类。韵协则言顺，言顺则声易入；类举则情见，情见则感易交。于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。五帝三皇所以直道而行、垂拱而理者，揭此以为大柄，决此以为大窦也。故闻“元首明，股肱良”之歌，则知虞道昌矣。闻五子洛汭之歌，则知夏政荒矣。言者无罪，闻者足诫，言者闻者莫不两尽其心焉。洎周衰秦兴，采诗官废，上不以诗补察时政，下不以歌泄导人情。用至于谄成之风动，救失之道缺。于时六义始剚矣。《国风》变为《骚辞》，五言始于苏、李。《诗》、《骚》皆不遇者，各系其志，发而为文。故河梁之句，止于伤别；泽畔之吟，归于怨思。彷徨抑郁，不暇及他耳。然去《诗》未远，梗概尚存。故兴离别则引双凫一雁为喻，讽君子小人则引香草恶鸟为比。虽义类不具，犹得风人之什二三焉。于时六义始缺矣。晋、宋已还，得者盖寡。以康乐之奥博，多溺于山水；以渊明之高古，偏放于田园。江、鲍之流，又狭于此。如梁鸿《五噫》之例者，百无一二。于时六义浸微矣！陵夷至于梁、陈间，率不过嘲风雪、弄花草而已。噫！风雪花草之物，三百篇中岂舍之乎？顾所用何如耳。设如“北风其凉”，假风以刺威虐；“雨雪霏霏”，因雪以愍征役；“棠棣之华”，感华以讽兄弟；“采采芣苡”，美草以乐有子也。皆兴发于此而义归于彼。反是者，可乎哉！然则“余霞散成绮，澄江净如练”，“归花先委露，别叶乍辞风”之什，丽则丽矣，吾不知其所讽焉。故仆所谓嘲风雪、弄花草而已。于时六义尽去矣。唐兴二百年，其间诗人不可胜数。所可举者，陈子昂有《感遇诗》二十首，鲍防《感兴诗》十五篇。又诗之豪者，世称李、杜。李之作，才矣！奇矣！人不迨矣！索其风雅比兴，十无一焉。杜诗最多，可传者千余首。至于贯穿古今，覙缕格律，尽工尽善，又过于李焉。然撮其《新安》、《石壕》、《潼关吏》、《芦子关》、《花门》之章，“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”之句，亦不过十三四。杜尚如此，况不迨杜者乎？仆常痛诗道崩坏，忽忽愤发，或废食辍寝，不量才力，欲扶起之。嗟乎！事有大谬者，又不可一二而言，然亦不能不粗陈于左右。仆始生六七月时，乳母抱弄于书屏下，有指“之”字、“无”字示仆者，仆口未能言，心已默识。后有问此二字者，虽百十其试，而指之不差。则知仆宿习之缘，已在文字中矣。及五六岁，便学为诗。九岁谙识声韵。十五六，始知有进士，苦节读书。二十已来，昼课赋，夜课书，间又课诗，不遑寝息矣。以至于口舌成疮，手肘成胝。既壮而肤革不丰盈，未老而齿发早衰白；瞀瞀然如飞蝇垂珠在眸子中者，动以万数，盖以苦学力文之所致，又自悲。家贫多故，二十七方从乡赋。既第之后，虽专于科试，亦不废诗。及授校书郎时，已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下辈，见皆谓之工，其实未窥作者之域耳。自登朝来，年齿渐长，阅事渐多。每与人言，多询时务；每读书史，多求理道。始知文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。是时皇帝初即位，宰府有正人，屡降玺书，访人急病。仆当此日，擢在翰林，身是谏官，月请谏纸。启奏之间，有可以救济人病，裨补时阙，而难于指言者，辄咏歌之，欲稍稍进闻于上。上以广宸听，副忧勤；次以酬恩奖，塞言责；下以复吾平生之志。岂图志未就而悔已生，言未闻而谤已成矣！又请为左右终言之。凡闻仆《贺雨诗》，众口籍籍，以为非宜矣；闻仆《哭孔戡诗》，众面脉脉，尽不悦矣；闻《秦中吟》，则权豪贵近者，相目而变色矣；闻《登乐游园》寄足下诗，则执政柄者扼腕矣；闻《宿紫阁村》诗，则握军要者切齿矣！大率如此，不可遍举。不相与者，号为沽誉，号为诋讦，号为讪谤。苟相与者，则如牛僧孺之诫焉。乃至骨肉妻孥，皆以我为非也。其不我非者，举世不过三两人。有邓鲂者，见仆诗而喜，无何鲂死。有唐衢者，见仆诗而泣，未几而衢死。其余即足下。足下又十年来困踬若此。呜唿！岂六义四始之风，天将破坏，不可支持耶？抑又不知天意不欲使下人病苦闻于上耶？不然，何有志于诗者，不利若此之甚也！然仆又自思关东一男子耳，除读书属文外，其他懵然无知，乃至书画棋博，可以接群居之欢者，一无通晓，即其愚拙可知矣！初应进士时，中朝无缌麻之亲，达官无半面之旧；策蹇步于利足之途，张空拳于战文之场。十年之间，三登科第，名落众耳，迹升清贯，出交贤俊，入侍冕旒。始得名于文章，终得罪于文章，亦其宜也。日者闻亲友间说，礼、吏部举选人，多以仆私试赋判为准的。其余诗句，亦往往在人口中。仆恧然自愧，不之信也。及再来长安，又闻有军使高霞寓者，欲聘倡妓，妓大夸曰：“我诵得白学士《长恨歌》，岂同他哉？”由是增价。又足下书云：到通州日，见江馆柱间有题仆诗者。何人哉？又昨过汉南日，适遇主人集众娱乐，他宾诸妓见仆来，指而相顾曰：此是《秦中吟》、《长恨歌》主耳。自长安抵江西三四千里，凡乡校、佛寺、逆旅、行舟之中，往往有题仆诗者；士庶、僧徒、孀妇、处女之口，每有咏仆诗者。此诚雕篆之戏，不足为多，然今时俗所重，正在此耳。虽前贤如渊、云者，前辈如李、杜者，亦未能忘情于其间。古人云：“名者公器，不可多取。”仆是何者，窃时之名已多。既窃时名，又欲窃时之富贵，使己为造物者，肯兼与之乎？今之屯穷，理固然也。况诗人多蹇，如陈子昂、杜甫，各授一拾遗，而屯剥至死。孟浩然辈不及一命，穷悴终身。近日孟郊六十，终试协律；张籍五十，未离一太祝。彼何人哉！况仆之才又不迨彼。今虽谪佐远郡，而官品至第五，月俸四五万，寒有衣，饥有食，给身之外，施及家人。亦可谓不负白氏子矣。微之，微之！勿念我哉！仆数月来，检讨囊帙中，得新旧诗，各以类分，分为卷目。自拾遗来，凡所遇所感，关于美刺兴比者；又自武德至元和，因事立题，题为“新乐府”者，共一百五十首，谓之讽谕诗。又或退公独处，或移动病闲居，知足保和，吟玩性情者一百首，谓之”闲适诗“。又有事物牵于外，情理动于内，随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首，谓之”感伤诗“。又有五言、七言、长句、绝句，自一百韵至两百韵者四百余首，谓之”杂律诗“。凡为十五卷，约八百首。异时相见，当尽致于执事。微之，古人云：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。”仆虽不肖，常师此语。大丈夫所守者道，所待者时。时之来也，为云龙，为风鹏，勃然突然，陈力以出；时之不来也，为雾豹，为冥鸿，寂兮寥兮，奉身而退。进退出处，何往而不自得哉！故仆志在兼济，行在独善，奉而始终之则为道，言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗，兼济之志也；谓之闲适诗，独善之义也。故览仆诗者，知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗，或诱于一时一物，发于一笑一吟，率然成章，非平生所尚者，但以亲朋合散之际，取其释恨佐欢，今铨次之间，未能删去。他时有为我编集斯文者，略之可也。微之，夫贵耳贱目，荣古陋今，人之大情也。仆不能远征古旧，如近岁韦苏州歌行，才丽之外，颇近兴讽；其五言诗，又高雅闲淡，自成一家之体，今之秉笔者谁能及之？然当苏州在时，人亦未甚爱重，必待身后，人始贵之。今仆之诗，人所爱者，悉不过杂律诗与《长恨歌》已下耳。时之所重，仆之所轻。至于讽谕者，意激而言质；闲适者，思澹而辞迂。以质合迂，宜人之不爱也。今所爱者，并世而生，独足下耳。然百千年后，安知复无如足下者出，而知爱我诗哉？故自八九年来，与足下小通则以诗相戒，小穷则以诗相勉，索居则以诗相慰，同处则以诗相娱。知吾罪吾，率以诗也。如今年春游城南时，与足下马上相戏，因各诵新艳小律，不杂他篇，自皇子陂归昭国里，迭吟递唱，不绝声者二十里余。攀、李在傍，无所措口。知我者以为诗仙，不知我者以为诗魔。何则？劳心灵，役声气，连朝接夕，不自知其苦，非魔而何？偶同人当美景，或花时宴罢，或月夜酒酣，一咏一吟，不觉老之将至。虽骖鸾鹤、游蓬瀛者之适，无以加于此焉，又非仙而何？微之，微之！此吾所以与足下外形骸、脱踪迹、傲轩鼎、轻人寰者，又以此也。当此之时，足下兴有余力，且欲与仆悉索还往中诗，取其尤长者，如张十八古乐府，李二十新歌行，卢、杨二秘书律诗，窦七、元八绝句，博搜精掇，编而次之，号为《元白往还集》。众君子得拟议于此者，莫不踊跃欣喜，以为盛事。嗟乎！言未终而足下左转，不数月而仆又继行，心期索然，何日成就？又可为之太息矣！仆常语足下，凡人为文，私于自是，不忍于割截，或失于繁多。其间妍媸，益又自惑。必待交友有公鉴无姑息者，讨论而削夺之，然后繁简当否，得其中矣。况仆与足下，为文尤患其多。己尚病，况他人乎？今且各纂诗笔，粗为卷第，待与足下相见日，各出所有，终前志焉。又不知相遇是何年，相见是何地，溘然而至，则如之何？微之知我心哉！浔阳腊月，江风苦寒，岁暮鲜欢，夜长少睡。引笔铺纸，悄然灯前，有念则书，言无铨次。勿以繁杂为倦，且以代一夕之话言也。居易自叙如此，文士以为信然。懒品么弦金雁并，瘦惊双钏玉鱼宽。新愁不放翠眉间。大道本无幻，常情自有魔。人皆迷着此，师独悟如何。蚁溃金堤薄俗颓，圣门谁与嗣云来。良难托讽追风雅，只可微辞纪定哀。有志向能穿虎石，无疑今始悟蛇杯。掀天气燄吾尝见，转首空成一聚埃。

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jian .qing jian ze gan yi jiao .yu shi hu yun da han shen .guan wei dong mi .shang xia tong er yi qi tai .you le he er bai zhi xi .wu di san huang suo yi zhi dao er xing .chui gong er li zhe .jie ci yi wei da bing .jue ci yi wei da dou ye .gu wen .yuan shou ming .gu gong liang .zhi ge .ze zhi yu dao chang yi .wen wu zi luo rui zhi ge .ze zhi xia zheng huang yi .yan zhe wu zui .wen zhe zu jie .yan zhe wen zhe mo bu liang jin qi xin yan .ji zhou shuai qin xing .cai shi guan fei .shang bu yi shi bu cha shi zheng .xia bu yi ge xie dao ren qing .yong zhi yu chan cheng zhi feng dong .jiu shi zhi dao que .yu shi liu yi shi zi yi ..guo feng .bian wei .sao ci ..wu yan shi yu su .li ..shi ...sao .jie bu yu zhe .ge xi qi zhi .fa er wei wen .gu he liang zhi ju .zhi yu shang bie .ze pan zhi yin .gui yu yuan si .fang huang yi yu .bu xia ji ta er .ran qu .shi .wei yuan .geng gai shang cun .gu xing li bie ze yin shuang fu yi yan wei yu .feng jun zi xiao ren ze yin xiang cao e niao wei bi .sui yi lei bu ju .you de feng ren zhi shi er san yan .yu shi liu yi shi que yi .jin .song yi huan .de zhe gai gua .yi kang le zhi ao bo .duo ni yu shan shui .yi yuan ming zhi gao gu .pian fang yu tian yuan .jiang .bao zhi liu .you xia yu ci .ru liang hong .wu yi .zhi li zhe .bai wu yi er .yu shi liu yi jin wei yi .ling yi zhi yu liang .chen jian .lv bu guo chao feng xue .nong hua cao er yi .yi .feng xue hua cao zhi wu .san bai pian zhong qi she zhi hu .gu suo yong he ru er .she ru .bei feng qi liang ..jia feng yi ci wei nue ..yu xue fei fei ..yin xue yi min zheng yi ..tang di zhi hua ..gan hua yi feng xiong di ..cai cai fu yi ..mei cao yi le you zi ye .jie xing fa yu ci er yi gui yu bi .fan shi zhe .ke hu zai .ran ze .yu xia san cheng qi .cheng jiang jing ru lian ...gui hua xian wei lu .bie ye zha ci feng .zhi shi .li ze li yi .wu bu zhi qi suo feng yan .gu pu suo wei chao feng xue .nong hua cao er yi .yu shi liu yi jin qu yi .tang xing er bai nian .qi jian shi ren bu ke sheng shu .suo ke ju zhe .chen zi ang you .gan yu shi .er shi shou .bao fang .gan xing shi .shi wu pian .you shi zhi hao zhe .shi cheng li .du .li zhi zuo .cai yi .qi yi .ren bu dai yi .suo qi feng ya bi xing .shi wu yi yan .du shi zui duo .ke chuan zhe qian yu shou .zhi yu guan chuan gu jin .zhen lv ge lv .jin gong jin shan .you guo yu li yan .ran cuo qi .xin an ...shi hao ...tong guan li ...lu zi guan ...hua men .zhi zhang ..zhu men jiu rou chou .lu you dong si gu .zhi ju .yi bu guo shi san si .du shang ru ci .kuang bu dai du zhe hu .pu chang tong shi dao beng huai .hu hu fen fa .huo fei shi chuo qin .bu liang cai li .yu fu qi zhi .jie hu .shi you da miu zhe .you bu ke yi er er yan .ran yi bu neng bu cu chen yu zuo you .pu shi sheng liu qi yue shi .ru mu bao nong yu shu ping xia .you zhi .zhi .zi ..wu .zi shi pu zhe .pu kou wei neng yan .xin yi mo shi .hou you wen ci er zi zhe .sui bai shi qi shi .er zhi zhi bu cha .ze zhi pu su xi zhi yuan .yi zai wen zi zhong yi .ji wu liu sui .bian xue wei shi .jiu sui an shi sheng yun .shi wu liu .shi zhi you jin shi .ku jie du shu .er shi yi lai .zhou ke fu .ye ke shu .jian you ke shi .bu huang qin xi yi .yi zhi yu kou she cheng chuang .shou zhou cheng zhi .ji zhuang er fu ge bu feng ying .wei lao er chi fa zao shuai bai .mao mao ran ru fei ying chui zhu zai mou zi zhong zhe .dong yi wan shu .gai yi ku xue li wen zhi suo zhi .you zi bei .jia pin duo gu .er shi qi fang cong xiang fu .ji di zhi hou .sui zhuan yu ke shi .yi bu fei shi .ji shou xiao shu lang shi .yi ying san si bai shou .huo chu shi jiao you ru zu xia bei .jian jie wei zhi gong .qi shi wei kui zuo zhe zhi yu er .zi deng chao lai .nian chi jian chang .yue shi jian duo .mei yu ren yan .duo xun shi wu .mei du shu shi .duo qiu li dao .shi zhi wen zhang he wei shi er zhuo .ge shi he wei shi er zuo .shi shi huang di chu ji wei .zai fu you zheng ren .lv jiang xi shu .fang ren ji bing .pu dang ci ri .zhuo zai han lin .shen shi jian guan .yue qing jian zhi .qi zou zhi jian .you ke yi jiu ji ren bing .bi bu shi que .er nan yu zhi yan zhe .zhe yong ge zhi .yu shao shao jin wen yu shang .shang yi guang chen ting .fu you qin .ci yi chou en jiang .sai yan ze .xia yi fu wu ping sheng zhi zhi .qi tu zhi wei jiu er hui yi sheng .yan wei wen er bang yi cheng yi .you qing wei zuo you zhong yan zhi .fan wen pu .he yu shi ..zhong kou ji ji .yi wei fei yi yi .wen pu .ku kong kan shi ..zhong mian mai mai .jin bu yue yi .wen .qin zhong yin ..ze quan hao gui jin zhe .xiang mu er bian se yi .wen .deng le you yuan .ji zu xia shi .ze zhi zheng bing zhe e wan yi .wen .su zi ge cun .shi .ze wo jun yao zhe qie chi yi .da lv ru ci .bu ke bian ju .bu xiang yu zhe .hao wei gu yu .hao wei di jie .hao wei shan bang .gou xiang yu zhe .ze ru niu seng ru zhi jie yan .nai zhi gu rou qi nu .jie yi wo wei fei ye .qi bu wo fei zhe .ju shi bu guo san liang ren .you deng fang zhe .jian pu shi er xi .wu he fang si .you tang qu zhe .jian pu shi er qi .wei ji er qu si .qi yu ji zu xia .zu xia you shi nian lai kun zhi ruo ci .wu hu .qi liu yi si shi zhi feng .tian jiang po huai .bu ke zhi chi ye .yi you bu zhi tian yi bu yu shi xia ren bing ku wen yu shang ye .bu ran .he you zhi yu shi zhe .bu li ruo ci zhi shen ye .ran pu you zi si guan dong yi nan zi er .chu du shu shu wen wai .qi ta meng ran wu zhi .nai zhi shu hua qi bo .ke yi jie qun ju zhi huan zhe .yi wu tong xiao .ji qi yu zhuo ke zhi yi .chu ying jin shi shi .zhong chao wu si ma zhi qin .da guan wu ban mian zhi jiu .ce jian bu yu li zu zhi tu .zhang kong quan yu zhan wen zhi chang .shi nian zhi jian .san deng ke di .ming luo zhong er .ji sheng qing guan .chu jiao xian jun .ru shi mian liu .shi de ming yu wen zhang .zhong de zui yu wen zhang .yi qi yi ye .ri zhe wen qin you jian shuo .li .li bu ju xuan ren .duo yi pu si shi fu pan wei zhun de .qi yu shi ju .yi wang wang zai ren kou zhong .pu nv ran zi kui .bu zhi xin ye .ji zai lai chang an .you wen you jun shi gao xia yu zhe .yu pin chang ji .ji da kua yue ..wo song de bai xue shi .chang hen ge ..qi tong ta zai ..you shi zeng jia .you zu xia shu yun .dao tong zhou ri .jian jiang guan zhu jian you ti pu shi zhe .he ren zai .you zuo guo han nan ri .shi yu zhu ren ji zhong yu le .ta bin zhu ji jian pu lai .zhi er xiang gu yue .ci shi .qin zhong yin ...chang hen ge .zhu er .zi chang an di jiang xi san si qian li .fan xiang xiao .fo si .ni lv .xing zhou zhi zhong .wang wang you ti pu shi zhe .shi shu .seng tu .shuang fu .chu nv zhi kou .mei you yong pu shi zhe .ci cheng diao zhuan zhi xi .bu zu wei duo .ran jin shi su suo zhong .zheng zai ci er .sui qian xian ru yuan .yun zhe .qian bei ru li .du zhe .yi wei neng wang qing yu qi jian .gu ren yun ..ming zhe gong qi .bu ke duo qu ..pu shi he zhe .qie shi zhi ming yi duo .ji qie shi ming .you yu qie shi zhi fu gui .shi ji wei zao wu zhe .ken jian yu zhi hu .jin zhi tun qiong .li gu ran ye .kuang shi ren duo jian .ru chen zi ang .du fu .ge shou yi shi yi .er tun bao zhi si .meng hao ran bei bu ji yi ming .qiong cui zhong shen .jin ri meng jiao liu shi .zhong shi xie lv .zhang ji wu shi .wei li yi tai zhu .bi he ren zai .kuang pu zhi cai you bu dai bi .jin sui zhe zuo yuan jun .er guan pin zhi di wu .yue feng si wu wan .han you yi .ji you shi .gei shen zhi wai .shi ji jia ren .yi ke wei bu fu bai shi zi yi .wei zhi .wei zhi .wu nian wo zai .pu shu yue lai .jian tao nang zhi zhong .de xin jiu shi .ge yi lei fen .fen wei juan mu .zi shi yi lai .fan suo yu suo gan .guan yu mei ci xing bi zhe .you zi wu de zhi yuan he .yin shi li ti .ti wei .xin le fu .zhe .gong yi bai wu shi shou .wei zhi feng yu shi .you huo tui gong du chu .huo yi dong bing xian ju .zhi zu bao he .yin wan xing qing zhe yi bai shou .wei zhi .xian shi shi ..you you shi wu qian yu wai .qing li dong yu nei .sui gan yu er xing yu tan yong zhe yi bai shou .wei zhi .gan shang shi ..you you wu yan .qi yan .chang ju .jue ju .zi yi bai yun zhi liang bai yun zhe si bai yu shou .wei zhi .za lv shi ..fan wei shi wu juan .yue ba bai shou .yi shi xiang jian .dang jin zhi yu zhi shi .wei zhi .gu ren yun ..qiong ze du shan qi shen .da ze jian ji tian xia ..pu sui bu xiao .chang shi ci yu .da zhang fu suo shou zhe dao .suo dai zhe shi .shi zhi lai ye .wei yun long .wei feng peng .bo ran tu ran .chen li yi chu .shi zhi bu lai ye .wei wu bao .wei ming hong .ji xi liao xi .feng shen er tui .jin tui chu chu .he wang er bu zi de zai .gu pu zhi zai jian ji .xing zai du shan .feng er shi zhong zhi ze wei dao .yan er fa ming zhi ze wei shi .wei zhi feng yu shi .jian ji zhi zhi ye .wei zhi xian shi shi .du shan zhi yi ye .gu lan pu shi zhe .zhi pu zhi dao yan .qi yu za lv shi .huo you yu yi shi yi wu .fa yu yi xiao yi yin .lv ran cheng zhang .fei ping sheng suo shang zhe .dan yi qin peng he san zhi ji .qu qi shi hen zuo huan .jin quan ci zhi jian .wei neng shan qu .ta shi you wei wo bian ji si wen zhe .lue zhi ke ye .wei zhi .fu gui er jian mu .rong gu lou jin .ren zhi da qing ye .pu bu neng yuan zheng gu jiu .ru jin sui wei su zhou ge xing .cai li zhi wai .po jin xing feng .qi wu yan shi .you gao ya xian dan .zi cheng yi jia zhi ti .jin zhi bing bi zhe shui neng ji zhi .ran dang su zhou zai shi .ren yi wei shen ai zhong .bi dai shen hou .ren shi gui zhi .jin pu zhi shi .ren suo ai zhe .xi bu guo za lv shi yu .chang hen ge .yi xia er .shi zhi suo zhong .pu zhi suo qing .zhi yu feng yu zhe .yi ji er yan zhi .xian shi zhe .si dan er ci you .yi zhi he you .yi ren zhi bu ai ye .jin suo ai zhe .bing shi er sheng .du zu xia er .ran bai qian nian hou .an zhi fu wu ru zu xia zhe chu .er zhi ai wo shi zai .gu zi ba jiu nian lai .yu zu xia xiao tong ze yi shi xiang jie .xiao qiong ze yi shi xiang mian .suo ju ze yi shi xiang wei .tong chu ze yi shi xiang yu .zhi wu zui wu .lv yi shi ye .ru jin nian chun you cheng nan shi .yu zu xia ma shang xiang xi .yin ge song xin yan xiao lv .bu za ta pian .zi huang zi bei gui zhao guo li .die yin di chang .bu jue sheng zhe er shi li yu .pan .li zai bang .wu suo cuo kou .zhi wo zhe yi wei shi xian .bu zhi wo zhe yi wei shi mo .he ze .lao xin ling .yi sheng qi .lian chao jie xi .bu zi zhi qi ku .fei mo er he .ou tong ren dang mei jing .huo hua shi yan ba .huo yue ye jiu han .yi yong yi yin .bu jue lao zhi jiang zhi .sui can luan he .you peng ying zhe zhi shi .wu yi jia yu ci yan .you fei xian er he .wei zhi .wei zhi .ci wu suo yi yu zu xia wai xing hai .tuo zong ji .ao xuan ding .qing ren huan zhe .you yi ci ye .dang ci zhi shi .zu xia xing you yu li .qie yu yu pu xi suo huan wang zhong shi .qu qi you chang zhe .ru zhang shi ba gu le fu .li er shi xin ge xing .lu .yang er mi shu lv shi .dou qi .yuan ba jue ju .bo sou jing duo .bian er ci zhi .hao wei .yuan bai wang huan ji ..zhong jun zi de ni yi yu ci zhe .mo bu yong yue xin xi .yi wei sheng shi .jie hu .yan wei zhong er zu xia zuo zhuan .bu shu yue er pu you ji xing .xin qi suo ran .he ri cheng jiu .you ke wei zhi tai xi yi .pu chang yu zu xia .fan ren wei wen .si yu zi shi .bu ren yu ge jie .huo shi yu fan duo .qi jian yan chi .yi you zi huo .bi dai jiao you you gong jian wu gu xi zhe .tao lun er xiao duo zhi .ran hou fan jian dang fou .de qi zhong yi .kuang pu yu zu xia .wei wen you huan qi duo .ji shang bing .kuang ta ren hu .jin qie ge zuan shi bi .cu wei juan di .dai yu zu xia xiang jian ri .ge chu suo you .zhong qian zhi yan .you bu zhi xiang yu shi he nian .xiang jian shi he di .ke ran er zhi .ze ru zhi he .wei zhi zhi wo xin zai .xun yang la yue .jiang feng ku han .sui mu xian huan .ye chang shao shui .yin bi pu zhi .qiao ran deng qian .you nian ze shu .yan wu quan ci .wu yi fan za wei juan .qie yi dai yi xi zhi hua yan ye .ju yi zi xu ru ci .wen shi yi wei xin ran .lan pin me xian jin yan bing .shou jing shuang chuan yu yu kuan .xin chou bu fang cui mei jian .da dao ben wu huan .chang qing zi you mo .ren jie mi zhuo ci .shi du wu ru he .yi kui jin di bao su tui .sheng men shui yu si yun lai .liang nan tuo feng zhui feng ya .zhi ke wei ci ji ding ai .you zhi xiang neng chuan hu shi .wu yi jin shi wu she bei .xian tian qi yan wu chang jian .zhuan shou kong cheng yi ju ai .

一路风沙尘土扑满马汗，晨昏雾气(qi)露水打湿衣衫，
⑽后约：约定以(yi)后相见的日期。丁宁：同“叮咛”，临别郑重嘱咐。何据：有什么根据，是说临别时相互的约定、嘱咐都不可靠，都无法实现。夜静月黑雁群飞得很高，单于趁黑夜悄悄地逃窜。
148、羽之野：羽山的郊野。　　鲁隐公十一年秋天(tian)七月，鲁隐公会合齐侯、郑伯讨伐许国。初一这一天，三国的军队逼近许国城下。颍考叔举着郑国的蝥弧旗，首先登上了城墙，子都(郑大夫，公孙阏)从下面射他，颍考叔跌下来死了。瑕叔盈又举起蝥弧爬上城墙，挥舞旗帜并呼喊道：“我们国君登城啦！”郑国的军队全部登上城墙。初三这一天，便攻入许国。许庄公逃到卫国去了。齐侯要把许国让给鲁隐公。鲁隐公说：“您说许国不交纳贡物，又不履(lv)行诸侯的职责，所以跟随您讨伐它。现在许国已经受到应有的惩罚了，虽然您有命令，我也不敢参与这事的。”于是就把许国给了郑庄公。
⑹“汉箭”句：意谓清晨宋军便万箭齐发，向金兵发起进攻。汉：代指宋。金仆姑：箭名，见《左传·庄公十一年》。昨天夜里，并刀在匣子发出愤懑、郁结的声音，燕赵这一带自古多义士，慷慨悲歌，意气难平。
（16）牧童樵叟：放牧和砍柴之人。一场情爱最终寂寞，又跟谁说呢？想起以前的海(hai)誓山盟，被轻易辜负了。早知(zhi)道如此难受，后悔当初不把他留住。奈何他除了长得风流端正，更还有让人朝思暮想的地方。一天不想他就要皱千次眉了，更何况想他呢？
10.偷生:贪生。　　日本友人晁衡卿，辞别长安回家乡，乘坐帆船远去东方回蓬莱群岛。晁卿如同明月沉大海一去不返，思念你的心情如同苍白的云彩笼罩着云台山。
（21）零落略尽：大多已经死去。零落，本指草木凋落，此喻人死亡。略，差不多。

　　专征箫鼓向秦川，金牛道上车千乘。
　　《《长恨歌》白居易 古诗》是一首抒情成份很浓的叙事诗，诗人在叙述故事和人物塑造上，采用了中国传统诗歌擅长的抒写手法，将叙事、写景和抒情和谐地结合在一起，形成诗歌抒情上回环往复的特点。诗人时而把人物的思想感情注入景物，用景物的折光来烘托人物的心境；时而抓住人物周围富有特征性的景物、事物，通过人物对它们的感受来表现内心的感情，层层渲染，恰如其分地表达人物蕴蓄在内心深处的难达之情。唐玄宗逃往西南的路上，四处是黄尘、栈道、高山，日色暗淡，旌旗无光，秋景凄凉，这是以悲凉的秋景来烘托人物的悲思。在蜀地，面对着青山绿水，还是朝夕不能忘情，蜀中的山山水水原是很美的，但是在寂寞悲哀的唐玄宗眼中，那山的“青”，水的“碧”，也都惹人伤心，大自然的美应该有恬静的心境才能享受，他却没有，所以就更增加了内心的痛苦。这是透过美景来写哀情，使感情又深入一层。行宫中的月色，雨夜里的铃声，本来就很撩人意绪，诗人抓住这些寻常但是富有特征性的事物，把人带进伤心、断肠的境界，再加上那一见一闻，一色一声，互相交错，在语言上、声调上也表现出人物内心的愁苦凄清，这又是一层。还都路上，“天旋地转”，本来是高兴的事，但旧地重过，玉颜不见，不由伤心泪下。叙事中，又增加了一层痛苦的回忆。回长安后，“归来池苑皆依旧，太液芙蓉未央柳。芙蓉如面柳如眉，对此如何不泪垂”。白日里，由于环境和景物的触发，从景物联想到人，景物依旧，人却不在了，禁不住就潸然泪下，从太液池的芙蓉花和未央宫的垂柳仿佛看到了杨贵妃的容貌，展示了人物极其复杂微妙的内心活动。“夕殿萤飞思悄然，孤灯挑尽未成眠。迟迟钟鼓初长夜，耿耿星河欲曙天”。从黄昏写到黎明，集中地表现了夜间被情思萦绕久久不能入睡的情景。这种苦苦的思恋，“春风桃李花开日”是这样，“秋雨梧桐叶落时”也是这样。及至看到当年的“梨园弟子”、“阿监青娥”都已白发衰颜，更勾引起对往日欢娱的思念，自是黯然神伤。从黄埃散漫到蜀山青青，从行宫夜雨到凯旋回归，从白日到黑夜，从春天到秋天，处处触物伤情，时时睹物思人，从各个方面反复渲染诗中主人公的苦苦追求和寻觅。现实生活中找不到，到梦中去找，梦中找不到，又到仙境中去找。如此跌宕回环，层层渲染，使人物感情回旋上升，达到了高潮。诗人正是通过这样的层层渲染，反复抒情，回环往复，让人物的思想感情蕴蓄得更深邃丰富，使诗歌“肌理细腻”，更富有艺术的感染力。　
　　诗句的巧妙，首先是意象的精心选择和巧妙安排。全诗表情达意主要靠三个意象（新酒、火炉、暮雪）的组合来完成。“绿蚁新醅酒”，开门见山点出新酒，由于酒是新近酿好的，未经过滤，酒面泛起酒渣泡沫，颜色微绿，细小如蚁，故称“绿蚁”。诗歌首句描绘家酒的新熟淡绿和浑浊粗糙，极易引发读者的联想，让读者犹如已经看到了那芳香扑鼻，甘甜可口的米酒。次句“红泥小火炉”，粗拙小巧的火炉朴素温馨，炉火正烧得通红，诗人围炉而坐，熊熊火光照亮了暮色降临的屋子，照亮了浮动着绿色泡沫的家酒。“红泥小火炉”对饮酒环境起到了渲染色彩、烘托气氛的作用。酒已经很诱人了，而炉火又增添了温暖的情调。诗歌一、二两句选用“家酒”和“小火炉”两个极具生发性和暗示性的意象，容易唤起读者对质朴地道的农村生活的情境联想。后面两句：“晚来天欲雪，能饮一杯无？”在这样一个风寒雪飞的冬天里，在这样一个暮色苍茫的空闲时刻，邀请老朋友来饮酒叙旧，更体现出诗人那种浓浓的情谊。“雪”这一意象的安排勾勒出朋友相聚畅饮的阔大背景，寒风瑟瑟，大雪飘飘，让人感到冷彻肌肤的凄寒，越是如此，就越能反衬出火炉的炽热和友情的珍贵。“家酒”、“小火炉”和“暮雪”三个意象分割开来，孤立地看，索然寡味，神韵了无，但是当这三个意象被白居易纳入这首充满诗意情境的整体组织结构中时，读者就会感受到一种不属于单个意象而决定于整体组织的气韵、境界和情味。寒冬腊月，暮色苍茫，风雪大作，家酒新熟、炉火已生，只待朋友早点到来，三个意象连缀起来构成一幅有声有色、有形有态、有情有意的图画，其间流溢出友情的融融暖意和人性的阵阵芳香。
　　“东阁官梅动诗兴，还如何逊在扬州”二句赞美裴迪咏早梅诗：你在蜀州东亭看到梅花凌冬盛开，诗兴勃发，写出了如此动人的诗篇，倒像当年何逊在扬州咏梅那般高雅。何逊是杜甫所服膺的南朝梁代的诗人，杜甫《解闷十二首》之七，有“颇学阴（铿）何（逊）苦用心”的诗句，这里把裴迪与何逊相比，是表示对裴迪和他来诗的推崇。
　　首联“飒飒东风细雨来，芙蓉塘外有轻雷。”描绘环境气氛：飒飒东风，飘来蒙蒙细雨；芙蓉塘外，传来阵阵轻雷。既隐隐传达了生命萌动的春天气息，又带有一些凄迷黯淡的色调，烘托出女主人公春心萌动和难以名状的迷惘苦闷。东风细雨，容易令人联想起“梦雨”的典故；芙蓉塘即莲塘，在南朝乐府和唐人诗作中，常常代指男女相悦传情之地；“轻雷”则又暗用司马相如《长门赋》：“雷殷殷而响起兮，声象君之车音。”这一系列与爱情密切相关的词语，所给予读者的暗示和联想是很丰富的。纪昀说：“起二句妙有远神，可以意会。”所谓“远神，是指这种富于暗示性的诗歌语言所构筑的渺远的艺术意境，一种难以言传的朦胧美。
　　《霜花腴》，双调，一百零四字，上下片各十句五平韵。这是吴文英的一首自度曲。南宋周密《萍洲渔笛谱》中有《玉漏迟·题吴梦窗词集》（一题作题吴梦窗《霜花腴》词集），将《霜花腴》作为梦窗的词集名。南宋张炎《山中白云词》中有《声声慢·题吴梦窗遗笔》（一题作题梦窗自度曲《霜花腴》卷后），以此词作为梦窗词的压卷之作。这些都说明梦窗的这首自度曲在南宋末年已受到广泛推崇。“石湖”，据《舆地纪胜》说，在苏州盘门西南十里处。