衰发萧萧老郡丞， 洪州又看上元灯。羞将枉直分寻尺， 宁走东西就斗升。吏进饱谙箝纸尾， 客来苦劝摸床棱。归装渐理君知否？ 笑指庐山古涧藤。知音者少，算干坤许大，着身何处。直待功成方肯退，何日可寻归路。多景楼前，垂虹亭下，一枕眠秋雨。虚名相误，十年枉费辛苦。不是奏赋明光，上书北阙，无惊人之语。我自匆忙天未许，赢得衣裾尘土。白璧追欢，黄金买笑，付与君为主。莼鲈江上，浩然明日归去。兰叶春葳蕤，桂华秋皎洁。欣欣此生意，自尔为佳节。谁知林栖者，闻风坐相悦。草木有本心，何求美人折。幽人归独卧，滞虑洗孤清。持此谢高鸟，因之传远情。日夕怀空意，人谁感至精？飞沉理自隔，何所慰吾诚？鱼游乐深池，鸟栖欲高枝。嗟尔蜉蝣羽，薨薨亦何为。有生岂不化，所感奚若斯。神理日微灭，吾心安得知。浩叹杨朱子，徒然泣路岐。孤鸿海上来，池潢不敢顾。侧见双翠鸟，巢在三珠树。矫矫珍木巅，得无金丸惧？美服患人指，高明逼神恶？今我游冥冥，弋者何所慕！吴越数千里，梦寐今夕见。形骸非我亲，衾枕即乡县。化蝶犹不识，川鱼安可羡。海上有仙山，归期觉神变。西日下山隐，北风乘夕流。燕雀感昏旦，檐楹唿匹俦。鸿鹄虽自远，哀音非所求。贵人弃疵贱，下士尝殷忧。众情累外物，恕己忘内修。感叹长如此，使我心悠悠。江南有丹橘，经冬犹绿林。岂伊地气暖，自有岁寒心⑿。可以荐嘉客⒀，奈何阻重深。运命唯所遇，循环不可寻。徒言树桃李，此木岂无阴。永日徒离忧，临风怀蹇修。美人何处所，孤客空悠悠。青鸟跂不至，朱鳖谁云浮。夜分起踯躅，时逝曷淹留。抱影吟中夜，谁闻此叹息。美人适异方，庭树含幽色。白云愁不见，沧海飞无翼。凤凰一朝来，竹花斯可食。汉上有游女，求思安可得。袖中一札书，欲寄双飞翼。冥冥愁不见，耿耿徒缄忆。紫兰秀空蹊，皓露夺幽色。馨香岁欲晚，感叹情何极。白云在南山，日暮长太息。我有异乡忆，宛在云溶溶。凭此目不觏，要之心所钟。但欲附高鸟，安敢攀飞龙。至精无感遇，悲惋填心胸。归来扣寂寞，人愿天岂从？闭门迹群化，凭林结所思。啸叹此寒木，畴昔乃芳蕤。朝阳凤安在，日暮蝉独悲。浩思极中夜，深嗟欲待谁。所怀诚已矣，既往不可追。鼎食非吾事，云仙尝我期。胡越方杳杳，车马何迟迟。天壤一何异，幽嘿卧帘帷。劳歌一曲解行舟，红叶青山水急流。 日暮酒醒人已远，满天风雨下西楼。式宴礼所重，浃欢情必均。同和谅在兹，万国希可亲。熙宁十年秋，彭城大水。云龙山人张君之草堂，水及其半扉。明年春，水落，迁于故居之东，东山之麓。升高而望，得异境焉，作亭于其上。彭城之山，冈岭四合，隐然如大环，独缺其西一面，而山人之亭，适当其缺。春夏之交，草木际天；秋冬雪月，千里一色；风雨晦明之间，俯仰百变。山人有二鹤，甚驯而善飞，旦则望西山之缺而放焉，纵其所如,或立于陂(bēi)田，或翔于云表；暮则傃东山而归。故名之曰“放鹤亭”。郡守苏轼，时从宾佐僚吏往见山人，饮酒于斯亭而乐之。挹山人而告之曰：“子知隐居之乐乎？虽南面之君，未可与易也。《易》曰：‘鸣鹤在阴，其子和之。’ 《诗》曰：‘鹤鸣于九皋，声闻于天。’盖其为物，清远闲放，超然于尘埃之外，故《易》《诗》人以比贤人君子。隐德之士，狎而玩之，宜若有益而无损者；然卫懿公好鹤则亡其国。周公作《酒诰》，卫武公作《抑戒》，以为荒惑败乱，无若酒者；而刘伶、阮籍之徒，以此全其真而名后世。嗟夫！南面之君，虽清远闲放如鹤者，犹不得好，好之则亡其国；而山林遁世之士，虽荒惑败乱如酒者，犹不能为害，而况于鹤乎？由此观之，其为乐未可以同日而语也。”山人忻然而笑曰：“有是哉！”乃作放鹤、招鹤之歌曰：鹤飞去兮西山之缺，高翔而下览兮择所适。翻然敛翼，宛将集兮，忽何所见，矫然而复击。独终日于涧谷之间兮，啄苍苔而履白石。鹤归来兮，东山之阴。其下有人兮，黄冠草屦，葛衣而鼓琴。躬耕而食兮，其馀以汝饱。归来归来兮，西山不可以久留。元丰元年十一月初八日记 《放鹤亭记》。闻君此夜东林宿，听得荷池几番声。齐宣王见颜斶，曰：“斶前！”斶亦曰：“王前！”宣王不说。左右曰：“王，人君也。斶，人臣也。王曰‘斶前’，亦曰‘王前’，可乎？”斶对曰：“夫斶前为慕势，王前为趋士。与使斶为慕势，不如使王为趋士。”王忿然作色曰：“王者贵乎？士贵乎？”对曰：“士贵耳，王者不贵。”王曰：“有说乎？”斶曰：“有。昔者秦攻齐，令曰：‘有敢去柳下季垄五十步而樵采者，死不赦。’令曰：‘有能得齐王头者，封万户侯，赐金千镒。’由是观之，生王之头，曾不若死士之垄也。”宣王默然不悦。左右皆曰：“斶来，斶来！大王据千乘之地，而建千石锺，万石虡。天下之士，仁义皆来役处；辩士并进，莫不来语；东西南北，莫敢不服。求万物无不备具，而百姓无不亲附。今夫士之高者，乃称匹夫，徒步而处农亩，下则鄙野、监门、闾里，士之贱也，亦甚矣！”斶对曰：“不然。斶闻古大禹之时，诸侯万国。何则？德厚之道，得贵士之力也。故舜起农亩，出于岳鄙，而为天子。及汤之时，诸侯三千。当今之世，南面称寡者，乃二十四。由此观之，非得失之策与？稍稍诛灭，灭亡无族之时，欲为监门、闾里，安可得而有乎哉？是故《易传》不云乎。’居上位，未得其实，以喜其为名者，必以骄奢为行。据慢骄奢，则凶中之。是故无其实而喜其名者削，无德而望其福者约，无功而受其禄者辱，祸必握。’故曰：‘矜功不立，虚愿不至。’此皆幸乐其名，华而无其实德者也。是以尧有九佐，舜有七友，禹有五丞，汤有三辅，自古及今而能虚成名于天下者，无有。是以君王无羞亟问，不愧下学；是故成其道德而扬功名于后世者，尧、舜、禹、汤、周文王是也。故曰：‘无形者，形之君也。无端者，事之本也。’夫上见其原，下通其流，至圣人明学，何不吉之有哉！老子曰：‘虽贵，必以贱为本；虽高，必以下为基。是以侯王称孤寡不谷，是其贱必本于？’非夫孤寡者，人之困贱下位也，而侯王以自谓，岂非下人而尊贵士与？夫尧传舜，舜传傅禹，周成王任周公旦，而世世称曰明主，是以明乎士之贵也。”宣王曰：“嗟乎！君子焉可侮哉，寡人自取病耳！及今闻君子之言，乃今闻细人之行，愿请受为弟子。且颜先生与寡人游，食必太牢，出必乘车，妻子衣服。” 　 颜斶辞去曰：“夫玉生于山，制则破焉，非弗宝贵矣，然大璞不完。士生乎鄙野，推选则禄焉，非不得尊遂也，然而形神不全。斶愿得归，晚食以当肉，安步以当车，无罪以当贵，清静贞正以自虞。制言者王也，尽忠直言者斶也。言要道已备矣，愿得赐归，安行而反臣之邑屋。”则再拜而辞去也。斶知足矣，归反朴，则终身不辱也。君子曰：“斶知足矣，归真返璞，则终身不辱。”山苍苍，水茫茫，大孤小孤江中央。崖崩路绝猿鸟去，惟有乔木搀天长。客舟何处来，棹歌中流声抑扬。沙平风软望不到，孤山久与船低昂。峨峨两烟鬟，晓镜开新妆。舟中贾客莫漫狂，小姑前年嫁彭郎。

shuai fa xiao xiao lao jun cheng . hong zhou you kan shang yuan deng .xiu jiang wang zhi fen xun chi . ning zou dong xi jiu dou sheng .li jin bao an qian zhi wei . ke lai ku quan mo chuang leng .gui zhuang jian li jun zhi fou . xiao zhi lu shan gu jian teng .zhi yin zhe shao .suan gan kun xu da .zhuo shen he chu .zhi dai gong cheng fang ken tui .he ri ke xun gui lu .duo jing lou qian .chui hong ting xia .yi zhen mian qiu yu .xu ming xiang wu .shi nian wang fei xin ku .bu shi zou fu ming guang .shang shu bei que .wu jing ren zhi yu .wo zi cong mang tian wei xu .ying de yi ju chen tu .bai bi zhui huan .huang jin mai xiao .fu yu jun wei zhu .chun lu jiang shang .hao ran ming ri gui qu .lan ye chun wei rui .gui hua qiu jiao jie .xin xin ci sheng yi .zi er wei jia jie .shui zhi lin qi zhe .wen feng zuo xiang yue .cao mu you ben xin .he qiu mei ren zhe .you ren gui du wo .zhi lv xi gu qing .chi ci xie gao niao .yin zhi chuan yuan qing .ri xi huai kong yi .ren shui gan zhi jing .fei chen li zi ge .he suo wei wu cheng .yu you le shen chi .niao qi yu gao zhi .jie er fu you yu .hong hong yi he wei .you sheng qi bu hua .suo gan xi ruo si .shen li ri wei mie .wu xin an de zhi .hao tan yang zhu zi .tu ran qi lu qi .gu hong hai shang lai .chi huang bu gan gu .ce jian shuang cui niao .chao zai san zhu shu .jiao jiao zhen mu dian .de wu jin wan ju .mei fu huan ren zhi .gao ming bi shen e .jin wo you ming ming .yi zhe he suo mu .wu yue shu qian li .meng mei jin xi jian .xing hai fei wo qin .qin zhen ji xiang xian .hua die you bu shi .chuan yu an ke xian .hai shang you xian shan .gui qi jue shen bian .xi ri xia shan yin .bei feng cheng xi liu .yan que gan hun dan .yan ying hu pi chou .hong gu sui zi yuan .ai yin fei suo qiu .gui ren qi ci jian .xia shi chang yin you .zhong qing lei wai wu .shu ji wang nei xiu .gan tan chang ru ci .shi wo xin you you .jiang nan you dan ju .jing dong you lv lin .qi yi di qi nuan .zi you sui han xin ..ke yi jian jia ke ..nai he zu zhong shen .yun ming wei suo yu .xun huan bu ke xun .tu yan shu tao li .ci mu qi wu yin .yong ri tu li you .lin feng huai jian xiu .mei ren he chu suo .gu ke kong you you .qing niao qi bu zhi .zhu bie shui yun fu .ye fen qi zhi zhu .shi shi he yan liu .bao ying yin zhong ye .shui wen ci tan xi .mei ren shi yi fang .ting shu han you se .bai yun chou bu jian .cang hai fei wu yi .feng huang yi chao lai .zhu hua si ke shi .han shang you you nv .qiu si an ke de .xiu zhong yi zha shu .yu ji shuang fei yi .ming ming chou bu jian .geng geng tu jian yi .zi lan xiu kong qi .hao lu duo you se .xin xiang sui yu wan .gan tan qing he ji .bai yun zai nan shan .ri mu chang tai xi .wo you yi xiang yi .wan zai yun rong rong .ping ci mu bu gou .yao zhi xin suo zhong .dan yu fu gao niao .an gan pan fei long .zhi jing wu gan yu .bei wan tian xin xiong .gui lai kou ji mo .ren yuan tian qi cong .bi men ji qun hua .ping lin jie suo si .xiao tan ci han mu .chou xi nai fang rui .chao yang feng an zai .ri mu chan du bei .hao si ji zhong ye .shen jie yu dai shui .suo huai cheng yi yi .ji wang bu ke zhui .ding shi fei wu shi .yun xian chang wo qi .hu yue fang yao yao .che ma he chi chi .tian rang yi he yi .you hei wo lian wei .lao ge yi qu jie xing zhou .hong ye qing shan shui ji liu . ri mu jiu xing ren yi yuan .man tian feng yu xia xi lou .shi yan li suo zhong .jia huan qing bi jun .tong he liang zai zi .wan guo xi ke qin .xi ning shi nian qiu .peng cheng da shui .yun long shan ren zhang jun zhi cao tang .shui ji qi ban fei .ming nian chun .shui luo .qian yu gu ju zhi dong .dong shan zhi lu .sheng gao er wang .de yi jing yan .zuo ting yu qi shang .peng cheng zhi shan .gang ling si he .yin ran ru da huan .du que qi xi yi mian .er shan ren zhi ting .shi dang qi que .chun xia zhi jiao .cao mu ji tian .qiu dong xue yue .qian li yi se .feng yu hui ming zhi jian .fu yang bai bian .shan ren you er he .shen xun er shan fei .dan ze wang xi shan zhi que er fang yan .zong qi suo ru .huo li yu bei .b.i.tian .huo xiang yu yun biao .mu ze su dong shan er gui .gu ming zhi yue .fang he ting ..jun shou su shi .shi cong bin zuo liao li wang jian shan ren .yin jiu yu si ting er le zhi .yi shan ren er gao zhi yue ..zi zhi yin ju zhi le hu .sui nan mian zhi jun .wei ke yu yi ye ..yi .yue ..ming he zai yin .qi zi he zhi .. .shi .yue ..he ming yu jiu gao .sheng wen yu tian ..gai qi wei wu .qing yuan xian fang .chao ran yu chen ai zhi wai .gu .yi ..shi .ren yi bi xian ren jun zi .yin de zhi shi .xia er wan zhi .yi ruo you yi er wu sun zhe .ran wei yi gong hao he ze wang qi guo .zhou gong zuo .jiu gao ..wei wu gong zuo .yi jie ..yi wei huang huo bai luan .wu ruo jiu zhe .er liu ling .ruan ji zhi tu .yi ci quan qi zhen er ming hou shi .jie fu .nan mian zhi jun .sui qing yuan xian fang ru he zhe .you bu de hao .hao zhi ze wang qi guo .er shan lin dun shi zhi shi .sui huang huo bai luan ru jiu zhe .you bu neng wei hai .er kuang yu he hu .you ci guan zhi .qi wei le wei ke yi tong ri er yu ye ..shan ren xin ran er xiao yue ..you shi zai ..nai zuo fang he .zhao he zhi ge yue .he fei qu xi xi shan zhi que .gao xiang er xia lan xi ze suo shi .fan ran lian yi .wan jiang ji xi .hu he suo jian .jiao ran er fu ji .du zhong ri yu jian gu zhi jian xi .zhuo cang tai er lv bai shi .he gui lai xi .dong shan zhi yin .qi xia you ren xi .huang guan cao ju .ge yi er gu qin .gong geng er shi xi .qi yu yi ru bao .gui lai gui lai xi .xi shan bu ke yi jiu liu .yuan feng yuan nian shi yi yue chu ba ri ji .fang he ting ji ..wen jun ci ye dong lin su .ting de he chi ji fan sheng .qi xuan wang jian yan chu .yue ..chu qian ..chu yi yue ..wang qian ..xuan wang bu shuo .zuo you yue ..wang .ren jun ye .chu .ren chen ye .wang yue .chu qian ..yi yue .wang qian ..ke hu ..chu dui yue ..fu chu qian wei mu shi .wang qian wei qu shi .yu shi chu wei mu shi .bu ru shi wang wei qu shi ..wang fen ran zuo se yue ..wang zhe gui hu .shi gui hu ..dui yue ..shi gui er .wang zhe bu gui ..wang yue ..you shuo hu ..chu yue ..you .xi zhe qin gong qi .ling yue ..you gan qu liu xia ji long wu shi bu er qiao cai zhe .si bu she ..ling yue ..you neng de qi wang tou zhe .feng wan hu hou .ci jin qian yi ..you shi guan zhi .sheng wang zhi tou .zeng bu ruo si shi zhi long ye ..xuan wang mo ran bu yue .zuo you jie yue ..chu lai .chu lai .da wang ju qian cheng zhi di .er jian qian shi zhong .wan shi ju .tian xia zhi shi .ren yi jie lai yi chu .bian shi bing jin .mo bu lai yu .dong xi nan bei .mo gan bu fu .qiu wan wu wu bu bei ju .er bai xing wu bu qin fu .jin fu shi zhi gao zhe .nai cheng pi fu .tu bu er chu nong mu .xia ze bi ye .jian men .lv li .shi zhi jian ye .yi shen yi ..chu dui yue ..bu ran .chu wen gu da yu zhi shi .zhu hou wan guo .he ze .de hou zhi dao .de gui shi zhi li ye .gu shun qi nong mu .chu yu yue bi .er wei tian zi .ji tang zhi shi .zhu hou san qian .dang jin zhi shi .nan mian cheng gua zhe .nai er shi si .you ci guan zhi .fei de shi zhi ce yu .shao shao zhu mie .mie wang wu zu zhi shi .yu wei jian men .lv li .an ke de er you hu zai .shi gu .yi chuan .bu yun hu ..ju shang wei .wei de qi shi .yi xi qi wei ming zhe .bi yi jiao she wei xing .ju man jiao she .ze xiong zhong zhi .shi gu wu qi shi er xi qi ming zhe xiao .wu de er wang qi fu zhe yue .wu gong er shou qi lu zhe ru .huo bi wo ..gu yue ..jin gong bu li .xu yuan bu zhi ..ci jie xing le qi ming .hua er wu qi shi de zhe ye .shi yi yao you jiu zuo .shun you qi you .yu you wu cheng .tang you san fu .zi gu ji jin er neng xu cheng ming yu tian xia zhe .wu you .shi yi jun wang wu xiu ji wen .bu kui xia xue .shi gu cheng qi dao de er yang gong ming yu hou shi zhe .yao .shun .yu .tang .zhou wen wang shi ye .gu yue ..wu xing zhe .xing zhi jun ye .wu duan zhe .shi zhi ben ye ..fu shang jian qi yuan .xia tong qi liu .zhi sheng ren ming xue .he bu ji zhi you zai .lao zi yue ..sui gui .bi yi jian wei ben .sui gao .bi yi xia wei ji .shi yi hou wang cheng gu gua bu gu .shi qi jian bi ben yu ..fei fu gu gua zhe .ren zhi kun jian xia wei ye .er hou wang yi zi wei .qi fei xia ren er zun gui shi yu .fu yao chuan shun .shun chuan fu yu .zhou cheng wang ren zhou gong dan .er shi shi cheng yue ming zhu .shi yi ming hu shi zhi gui ye ..xuan wang yue ..jie hu .jun zi yan ke wu zai .gua ren zi qu bing er .ji jin wen jun zi zhi yan .nai jin wen xi ren zhi xing .yuan qing shou wei di zi .qie yan xian sheng yu gua ren you .shi bi tai lao .chu bi cheng che .qi zi yi fu .. . yan chu ci qu yue ..fu yu sheng yu shan .zhi ze po yan .fei fu bao gui yi .ran da pu bu wan .shi sheng hu bi ye .tui xuan ze lu yan .fei bu de zun sui ye .ran er xing shen bu quan .chu yuan de gui .wan shi yi dang rou .an bu yi dang che .wu zui yi dang gui .qing jing zhen zheng yi zi yu .zhi yan zhe wang ye .jin zhong zhi yan zhe chu ye .yan yao dao yi bei yi .yuan de ci gui .an xing er fan chen zhi yi wu ..ze zai bai er ci qu ye .chu zhi zu yi .gui fan pu .ze zhong shen bu ru ye .jun zi yue ..chu zhi zu yi .gui zhen fan pu .ze zhong shen bu ru ..shan cang cang .shui mang mang .da gu xiao gu jiang zhong yang .ya beng lu jue yuan niao qu .wei you qiao mu chan tian chang .ke zhou he chu lai .zhao ge zhong liu sheng yi yang .sha ping feng ruan wang bu dao .gu shan jiu yu chuan di ang .e e liang yan huan .xiao jing kai xin zhuang .zhou zhong jia ke mo man kuang .xiao gu qian nian jia peng lang .

十年如梦，梦醒后倍觉凄凉，恰似那西湖上燕子(zi)飞去，人去楼(lou)空燕巢已荒。今日我重到葑门，百感交集，像从前一(yi)样唤酒品尝。急雨
138、处：对待。宿云如落鹏之(zhi)翼，残月如开于蚌中之珠。
⑨奈老阿：对老怎么办呢？不要理会那般人幸灾乐祸、冷嘲热讽，鄙弃那些“赵老送灯台”之类的(de)混话。我能力低微而肩负重任，早已感到精疲力尽。一再担当重任，以我衰老之躯，平庸之才，是定然不能支撑了。
裳衣：古时衣指上衣，裳指下裙。后亦泛指衣服(fu)。黑犬颈圈丁当响，猎人英俊又善良。
驱驰：驱车追赶。这里是奔走效劳的意思。惟有能写出“澄江静如练”这样清(qing)丽之诗的谢玄晖，方令人长忆不已。
[1] 品物：众物，万物。亨：通达顺利。魂啊不要去南方！
寻：不久。

　　贾岛是以“推敲”两字出名的苦吟诗人。一般认为他只是在用字方面下功夫，其实他的“推敲”不仅着眼于锤字炼句，在谋篇构思方面也是同样煞费苦心的。此诗就是一个例证。
　　诗作结构上表现了很大的独创性：一，开头并未交待是回忆，给读者以身临其境之感，留下深刻的印象。二，四句为一节，三节为一层意思，很整齐。语言上的特点是骈句多，如“去故乡而就远，遵江夏以流亡”、“过夏首而西浮，顾龙门而不见”、“背夏浦而西思，哀故都之日远”等，既富有对偶美，也有助于加强感情力度。在风格上，徐焕龙《楚辞洗髓》谓之“于《九章》中最为凄惋，读之实一字一泪也”，诚然。
　　就抒情方面说，“何用浮荣绊此身”，“朝回日日典春衣，……”，其“仕不得志”是依稀可见的。但如何不得志，为何不得志，却秘而不宣，只是通过描写暮春之景抒发惜春、留春之情；而惜春、留春的表现方式，也只是吃酒，只是赏花玩景，只是及时行乐。诗中的抒情主人公“日日江头尽醉归”，从“一片花飞”到“风飘万点”，已经目睹了、感受了春减、春暮的全过程，还“传语风光共流转，暂时相赏莫相违”，真可谓乐此不疲了！然而仔细探索，就发现言外有意，味外有味，弦外有音，景外有景，情外有情，“测之而益深，究之而益来”，真正体现了“神余象外”的艺术特点。
　　“海神来过恶风回，浪打天门石壁开”，“海神”，指海潮，这里刚刚涨潮，潮还没退，狂风又来了，浪打在天门石壁上，似乎打开了天门的大门。天门，即天门山。“浙江八月何如此？涛似连山喷雪来！”“浙江八月”一词很令人费解，诗写的是江东，写到浙江去的原因，实际上不过是用浙江潮来说明横江浪涛之大。宋代的苏轼苏这样写浙江潮：“八月十八潮，壮观天下无。鲲鹏水击三千里，组练长驱十万夫。红旗青盖互明灭，黑沙白浪相吞屠。”农历八月是浙江潮最为壮观的时候，那凶险的程度非比寻常，而横江潮后之浪可与浙江潮相匹敌。可见李白是见过浙江潮的，随手捡来，不着痕迹。最后一句“涛似连山喷雪来”来形容风起涛涌的凶险。
　　颈联写衡阳一带美好的景色，对偶工整，色泽明丽，起承上启下的过渡作用。
　　诗开头两句，诗人就以饱满的热情，颂扬橘树经得起严冬考验，绘制了一幅江南橘林的美丽图景，形成了一个优美的艺术境界。橘树是果树中的上品，又能经得起严冬风霜的熬煎，终年常绿，因此诗人以丹橘自喻是有深刻含意的。这是诗人借用橘树来比喻自己“受命不迁”、“横而不流”的人格。这里，诗人不仅写了橘树的外形，而在着意表现它坚强不屈的精神，达到了形神的有机结合。同时呈献在读者面前的，并非一棵橘树，而是一片橘林。诗人是在描写包括他自己在内的“群像”。这就使得诗的意境更为深远开阔，形象更为高大生动。