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　　环绕滁州的都是山。那西南的几(ji)座山峰，树林和山谷尤其优美。一(yi)眼望去树木茂盛，又幽深又秀丽的，那是琅琊山。沿着山路走六七里，渐渐听到潺潺的水声，看到流水从两座山峰之间倾泻而出的，那是酿泉。泉水沿着山峰折绕，沿着山路拐弯，有一座亭子像飞鸟展翅似地(di)，飞架在泉上，那就是醉翁亭。建造这亭子的是谁呢？是山上的和尚智仙。给它取名的又是谁呢？太守用自己的别号（醉翁）来命名。太守和他的宾客们来这儿饮酒，只喝一点儿就醉了；而且年纪又最大，所以自号“醉翁”。醉翁的情趣不在于喝酒，而在欣赏山水的美景。欣赏山水美景的乐趣，领会在心里，寄托在酒上。　　至于太阳的升起，山林里的雾气散了；烟云聚拢来，山谷就显得昏暗了；朝则自暗而明，暮则自明而暗，或暗或明，变化不一，这就是山中的朝暮。野花开了，有一股清幽的香味；好的树木枝繁叶茂，形成一片浓密的绿荫；风高霜洁，天高气爽，水落石出，这就是山中的四季。清晨前往，黄昏归来，四季的风光不同，乐趣也是无穷无尽的。　　至于背着东西的人(ren)在路上欢唱，来去行路的人在树下休息，前面的招呼，后面的答应；老人弯着腰走，小孩子由大人领着走。来来往往不断的行人，是滁州的游客。到溪边钓鱼，溪水深并且鱼肉肥美；用酿泉造酒，泉水清并且酒也清；野味野菜，横七竖八地摆在面前的，那是太守主办的宴席。宴会喝酒的乐趣，不在于音乐；投射的中了，下棋的赢了，酒杯和酒筹交互错杂；时起时坐大声喧闹的人，是欢乐的宾客们。一个脸色苍老的老人，醉醺醺地坐在众人中间，是太守喝醉了。　　不久，太阳下山了，人影散乱，宾客们跟随太守回去了。树林里的枝叶茂密成林，鸟儿到处叫，是游人离开后鸟儿在欢乐地跳跃。但是鸟儿只知道山林中的快乐，却不知道人们的快乐。而人们只知道跟随太守游玩的快乐，却不知道太守以游人的快乐为快乐啊。醉了能够和大家一起欢乐，醒来能够用文章记述这乐事的人，那就是太守啊。太守是谁呢？是庐陵欧阳修吧。
（157）仪、衍——张仪和公孙衍。都是战国时代能言善辩的政客。喝醉酒后还要和着金甲跳舞，欢腾的擂鼓声震动(dong)了周(zhou)围的山川。
（70）小人：包括排挤贾谊的绛侯周勃，而前文有“周魏见辜”句，谨录备考。邙山墓地的白杨树，长风摇荡著杨枝，万叶翻动的萧萧声响(xiang)，松柏树长满墓路的两边。
3.湘：湘江，流经湖南。看秋风萧瑟而兴叹，高大的松树也在秋夜里风中呜咽：事业何时有成。
[6]淮海纳士：指吴越国主钱俶献其地于宋。浇来到嫂子门口，他对嫂子有何要求？
⑧夕露：傍晚的露水。摆脱尘劳事不寻常，须下力气大干一场。
⑽烂嚼（jiáo）红茸（róng）：烂嚼，细嚼。嚼，用牙齿磨碎食物。红茸，吕本二主词、吴讷《唐宋名贤百家词》本《尊前集》中均作“红绒”。即红绒，刺绣用的红色丝线。汝阳王李琎饮酒三斗以后才去觐见天子。路上碰到装载酒曲的车，酒味引得口水直流，为自己没能封在水味如酒的酒泉郡而遗憾。
[5]攫：抓取。民众大多饥寒交迫无力救，一人独享荣华没啥好心情。
②班：同“斑”，指幼雉毛羽色彩斑斓。

　　袁素文名机，素文是她的字，1720年（清康熙五十九年）生。她容貌出众，“最是风华质，还兼窈窕姿”，“端丽为女兄弟冠”，是袁家姐妹中长得最漂亮端庄的。袁素文又“幼好读书”，针线旁边常放着书卷，因此很会作诗。在她未满一周岁时，其父曾仗义救助亡友衡阳县令高清的妻儿，为高清平反了其生前一起因库亏而入狱的冤案。高清的胞弟高八为此感激涕零，表示自己即将出生的孩子若系男儿，就与袁素文婚配，以示报答袁家大恩。不久高八生了个儿子，于是送来金锁作为聘礼，这场指腹婚事就这样正式确定下来。可是当双方成年后，男方却只字不提嫁娶之事，直到1742年（乾隆七年）袁素文二十三岁时，高八突然捎来书信说，因为儿子有病不宜结婚，希望解除婚约。由于袁素文自幼深受封建礼教毒害，“一闻婚早定，万死誓相随”，所以听到男方要解除婚约，就手持金锁哭泣不止，终日绝食。不久高八病死，高清的儿子高继祖特来说明真相，原来高八之子高绎祖并非有病，而是“有禽兽行”，并且屡教不改，其父怕以怨报德，才托言儿子有病解约。可是袁素文为了固守旧礼教的“一念之贞”，竟不顾日后痛苦，仍坚持嫁给高八之子，一时被誉为所谓“贞妇”。
　　夏秋之交，正是荷花盛开的美好季节。在风和日丽中，荡一叶小舟，穿行在“莲叶何田田”、“莲花过人头”的湖泽之上，开始一年一度的采莲活动，可是江南农家女子的乐事。采莲之际，摘几枝红莹可爱的莲花，归去送给各自的心上人，难说就不是妻子、姑娘们真挚情意的表露。何况在湖岸泽畔，还有着数不清的兰、蕙芳草，一并摘置袖中、插上发际、幽香袭人，更教人心醉。——这就是“《涉江采芙蓉》佚名 古诗，兰泽多芳草”两句吟叹，所展示的如画之境。倘若倾耳细听，读者想必还能听到湖面上、“兰泽”间传来的阵阵戏谑、欢笑之声。
　　由于上述两个方面的独到，宜乎千年以来一些穷愁潦倒的人沉饮“《自遣》罗隐 古诗”，陶冶情操时，于古人偌多解愁诗句中，惟独最容易记起“今朝有酒今朝醉”来。
　　至于这种发挥是否符合诗人的愿意，那并不重要。因为诗歌欣赏也是一种艺术创造，读者不妨凭着自己的生活经历和艺术趣味，扩展诗的意境，丰富诗的含意，或者给诗句涂上比喻象征的色彩。对于这种现象，诗论家说是：“作者未必然，读者何必不然？”读者的理解，其实有时是比作者还要高明的。
　　此诗开篇点题。“谷口”二字，暗示了题中“故山草堂”之所在；“春残”二字，扣题中“暮春”；以下几句都是“归”后的所见所感，思致清晰而严谨。谷口的环境是幽美的，诗人曾说过：“谷口好泉石，居人能陆沉。牛羊下山小，烟火隔云深。一径入溪色，数家连竹阴。藏虹辞晚雨，惊隼落残禽。”（《题玉山村叟屋壁》）春到谷口，更是别具一番景色。然而，此次归来却是“春残时节”，眼前已是黄鸟稀，辛夷尽，杏花飞了。木兰花比杏花开得早，所以诗说“辛夷花尽杏花飞”。一“稀”、一“尽”、一“飞”，烘托出春光逝去，了无踪影的一派空寂、凋零的气氛。
　　文章不讳言朋党，而是指出朋党有原则的区别，“君子与君子以同道为朋，小人与小人以同利为朋”，并引证历史来说明君子之朋有利于国，小人之朋有害于国，希望人君进君子之真朋，去小人之伪朋。文章避免了消极地替作者作辩解，而从正面指出朋党的客观存在，指出借口反对朋党的人就结为朋党，说明朋党有本质的不同。这就争取了主动，使作者立于不败之地，文章也由此具有深刻的揭露作用和强大的批判力量，而排偶句式的穿插运用，又增加了文章议论的气势。