太史公牛马走司马迁，再拜言。少卿足下：曩者辱赐书，教以慎于接物，推贤进士为务，意气勤勤恳恳。若望仆不相师，而用流俗人之言，仆非敢如此也。仆虽罢驽，亦尝侧闻长者之遗风矣。顾自以为身残处秽，动而见尤，欲益反损，是以独郁悒而无谁语。谚曰：“谁为为之？孰令听之？”盖钟子期死，伯牙终身不复鼓琴。何则？士为知己者用，女为说己者容。若仆大质已亏缺矣，虽材怀随和，行若由夷，终不可以为荣，适足以发笑而自点耳。书辞宜答，会东从上来，又迫贱事，相见日浅，卒卒无须臾之间，得竭指意。今少卿抱不测之罪，涉旬月，迫季冬，仆又薄从上雍，恐卒然不可为讳，是仆终已不得舒愤懑以晓左右，则长逝者魂魄私恨无穷。请略陈固陋。阙然久不报，幸勿为过。仆闻之：修身者，智之符也；爱施者，仁之端也；取予者，义之表也；耻辱者，勇之决也；立名者，行之极也。士有此五者，然后可以托于世，列于君子之林矣。故祸莫憯于欲利，悲莫痛于伤心，行莫丑于辱先，诟莫大于宫刑。刑余之人，无所比数，非一世也，所从来远矣。昔卫灵公与雍渠同载，孔子适陈；商鞅因景监见，赵良寒心；同子参乘，袁丝变色：自古而耻之！夫以中材之人，事有关于宦竖，莫不伤气，而况于慷慨之士乎！如今朝廷虽乏人，奈何令刀锯之余，荐天下之豪俊哉！仆赖先人绪业，得待罪辇毂下，二十余年矣。所以自惟：上之，不能纳忠效信，有奇策材力之誉，自结明主；次之，又不能拾遗补阙，招贤进能，显岩穴之士；外之，不能备行伍，攻城野战，有斩将搴旗之功；下之，不能积日累劳，取尊官厚禄，以为宗族交游光宠。四者无一遂，苟合取容，无所短长之效，可见于此矣。乡者，仆亦尝厕下大夫之列，陪外廷末议。不以此时引维纲，尽思虑，今已亏形为扫除之隶，在阘茸之中，乃欲仰首伸眉，论列是非，不亦轻朝廷、羞当世之士邪？嗟乎！嗟乎！如仆尚何言哉！尚何言哉！且事本末未易明也。仆少负不羁之才，长无乡曲之誉，主上幸以先人之故，使得奉薄伎，出入周卫之中。仆以为戴盆何以望天，故绝宾客之知，忘室家之业，日夜思竭其不肖之材力，务一心营职，以求亲媚于主上。而事乃有大谬不然者！夫仆与李陵俱居门下，素非能相善也。趣舍异路，未尝衔杯酒，接殷勤之余欢。然仆观其为人，自守奇士，事亲孝，与士信，临财廉，取予义，分别有让，恭俭下人，常思奋不顾身，以徇国家之急。其素所蓄积也，仆以为有国士之风。夫人臣出万死不顾一生之计，赴公家之难，斯已奇矣。今举事一不当，而全躯保妻子之臣随而媒孽其短，仆诚私心痛之。且李陵提步卒不满五千，深践戎马之地，足历王庭，垂饵虎口，横挑强胡，仰亿万之师，与单于连战十有余日，所杀过当。虏救死扶伤不给，旃裘之君长咸震怖，乃悉征其左、右贤王，举引弓之民，一国共攻而围之。转斗千里，矢尽道穷，救兵不至，士卒死伤如积。然陵一唿劳军，士无不起，躬自流涕，沬血饮泣，更张空弮，冒白刃，北首争死敌者。陵未没时，使有来报，汉公卿王侯皆奉觞上寿。后数日，陵败书闻，主上为之食不甘味，听朝不怡。大臣忧惧，不知所出。仆窃不自料其卑贱，见主上惨凄怛悼，诚欲效其款款之愚，以为李陵素与士大夫绝甘分少，能得人之死力，虽古之名将，不能过也。身虽陷败，彼观其意，且欲得其当而报于汉。事已无可奈何，其所摧败，功亦足以暴于天下矣。仆怀欲陈之，而未有路，适会召问，即以此指，推言陵之功，欲以广主上之意，塞睚眦之辞。未能尽明，明主不晓，以为仆沮贰师，而为李陵游说，遂下于理。拳拳之忠，终不能自列。因为诬上，卒从吏议。家贫，货赂不足以自赎，交游莫救，左右亲近不为一言。身非木石，独与法吏为伍，深幽囹圄之中，谁可告愬者！此真少卿所亲见，仆行事岂不然乎？李陵既生降，隤其家声，而仆又佴之蚕室，重为天下观笑。悲夫！悲夫！事未易一二为俗人言也。仆之先非有剖符丹书之功，文史星历，近乎卜祝之间，固主上所戏弄，倡优所畜，流俗之所轻也。假令仆伏法受诛，若九牛亡一毛，与蝼蚁何以异？而世又不与能死节者比，特以为智穷罪极，不能自免，卒就死耳。何也？素所自树立使然也。人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛，用之所趋异也。太上不辱先，其次不辱身，其次不辱理色，其次不辱辞令，其次诎体受辱，其次易服受辱，其次关木索、被箠楚受辱，其次剔毛发、婴金铁受辱，其次毁肌肤、断肢体受辱，最下腐刑极矣！传曰“刑不上大夫。”此言士节不可不勉厉也。勐虎在深山，百兽震恐，及在槛阱之中，摇尾而求食，积威约之渐也。故士有画地为牢，势不可入；削木为吏，议不可对，定计于鲜也。今交手足，受木索，暴肌肤，受榜箠，幽于圜墙之中。当此之时，见狱吏则头抢地，视徒隶则心惕息。何者？积威约之势也。及以至是，言不辱者，所谓强颜耳，曷足贵乎！且西伯，伯也，拘于羑里；李斯，相也，具于五刑；淮阴，王也，受械于陈；彭越、张敖，南面称孤，系狱抵罪；绛侯诛诸吕，权倾五伯，囚于请室；魏其，大将也，衣赭衣，关三木；季布为朱家钳奴；灌夫受辱于居室。此人皆身至王侯将相，声闻邻国，及罪至罔加，不能引决自裁，在尘埃之中。古今一体，安在其不辱也？由此言之，勇怯，势也；强弱，形也。审矣，何足怪乎？夫人不能早自裁绳墨之外，以稍陵迟，至于鞭箠之间，乃欲引节，斯不亦远乎！古人所以重施刑于大夫者，殆为此也。夫人情莫不贪生恶死，念父母，顾妻子，至激于义理者不然，乃有所不得已也。今仆不幸，早失父母，无兄弟之亲，独身孤立，少卿视仆于妻子何如哉？且勇者不必死节，怯夫慕义，何处不勉焉！仆虽怯懦，欲苟活，亦颇识去就之分矣，何至自沉溺缧绁之辱哉！且夫臧获婢妾，犹能引决，况仆之不得已乎？所以隐忍苟活，幽于粪土之中而不辞者，恨私心有所不尽，鄙陋没世，而文采不表于后也。古者富贵而名摩灭，不可胜记，唯倜傥非常之人称焉。盖文王拘而演《周易》；仲尼厄而作《春秋》；屈原放逐，乃赋《离骚》；左丘失明，厥有《国语》；孙子膑脚，《兵法》修列；不韦迁蜀，世传《吕览》；韩非囚秦，《说难》《孤愤》；《诗》三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也。此人皆意有所郁结，不得通其道，故述往事、思来者。乃如左丘无目，孙子断足，终不可用，退而论书策，以舒其愤，思垂空文以自见。仆窃不逊，近自托于无能之辞，网罗天下放失旧闻，略考其行事，综其终始，稽其成败兴坏之纪，上计轩辕，下至于兹，为十表，本纪十二，书八章，世家三十，列传七十，凡百三十篇。亦欲以究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言。草创未就，会遭此祸，惜其不成，是以就极刑而无愠色。仆诚以着此书，藏之名山，传之其人，通邑大都，则仆偿前辱之责，虽万被戮，岂有悔哉！然此可为智者道，难为俗人言也！且负下未易居，下流多谤议。仆以口语遇遭此祸，重为乡党所笑，以污辱先人，亦何面目复上父母之丘墓乎？虽累百世，垢弥甚耳！是以肠一日而九回，居则忽忽若有所亡，出则不知其所往。每念斯耻，汗未尝不发背沾衣也！身直为闺阁之臣，宁得自引深藏于岩穴邪？故且从俗浮沉，与时俯仰，以通其狂惑。今少卿乃教以推贤进士，无乃与仆私心剌谬乎？今虽欲自雕琢，曼辞以自饰，无益，于俗不信，适足取辱耳。要之，死日然后是非乃定。书不能悉意，故略陈固陋。谨再拜。粤以戊辰之年，建亥之月，大盗移国，金陵瓦解。余乃窜身荒谷，公私涂炭。华阳奔命，有去无归。中兴道销，穷于甲戌。三日哭于都亭，三年囚于别馆。天道周星，物极不反。傅燮之但悲身世，无处求生；袁安之每念王室，自然流涕。昔桓君山之志事，杜元凯之平生，并有着书，咸能自序。潘岳之文采，始述家风；陆机之辞赋，先陈世德。信年始二毛，即逢丧乱，藐是流离，至于暮齿。燕歌远别，悲不自胜；楚老相逢，泣将何及。畏南山之雨，忽践秦庭；让东海之滨，遂餐周粟。下亭漂泊，高桥羁旅。楚歌非取乐之方，鲁酒无忘忧之用。追为此赋，聊以记言，不无危苦之辞，唯以悲哀为主。日暮途远，人间何世！将军一去，大树飘零；壮士不还，寒风萧瑟。荆璧睨柱，受连城而见欺；载书横阶，捧珠盘而不定。钟仪君子，入就南冠之囚；季孙行人，留守西河之馆。申包胥之顿地，碎之以首；蔡威公之泪尽，加之以血。钓台移柳，非玉关之可望；华亭鹤唳，岂河桥之可闻！孙策以天下为三分，众才一旅；项籍用江东之子弟，人唯八千。遂乃分裂山河，宰割天下。岂有百万义师，一朝卷甲，芟夷斩伐，如草木焉！江淮无涯岸之阻，亭壁无藩篱之固。头会箕敛者，合纵缔交；锄耨棘矜都，因利乘便。将非江表王气，终于三百年乎？是知并吞六合，不免轵道之灾；混一车书，无救平阳之祸。呜唿！山岳崩颓，既履危亡之运；春秋迭代，必有去故之悲。天意人事，可以凄怆伤心者矣！况复舟楫路穷，星汉非乘槎可上；风飙道阻，蓬莱无可到之期。穷者欲达其言，劳者须歌其事。陆士衡闻而抚掌，是所甘心；张平子见而陋之，固其宜矣！彼泽之陂，有蒲与荷。有美一人，伤如之何？寤寐无为，涕泗滂沱。彼泽之陂，有蒲与蕳。有美一人，硕大且卷。寤寐无为，中心悁悁。彼泽之陂，有蒲菡萏。有美一人，硕大且俨。寤寐无为，辗转伏枕。钓笠披云青嶂绕，绿蓑细雨春江渺。白鸟飞来风满棹。收纶了，渔童拍手樵青笑。明月太虚同一照，浮家泛宅忘昏晓。醉眼冷看城市闹。烟波老，谁能惹得闲烦恼。知有前期在，难分此夜中。无将故人酒，不及石尤风。积善云有报，夷叔在西山。善恶苟不应，何事空立言！九十行带索，饥寒况当年。不赖固穷节，百世当谁传。

tai shi gong niu ma zou si ma qian .zai bai yan .shao qing zu xia .nang zhe ru ci shu .jiao yi shen yu jie wu .tui xian jin shi wei wu .yi qi qin qin ken ken .ruo wang pu bu xiang shi .er yong liu su ren zhi yan .pu fei gan ru ci ye .pu sui ba nu .yi chang ce wen chang zhe zhi yi feng yi .gu zi yi wei shen can chu hui .dong er jian you .yu yi fan sun .shi yi du yu yi er wu shui yu .yan yue ..shui wei wei zhi .shu ling ting zhi ..gai zhong zi qi si .bo ya zhong shen bu fu gu qin .he ze .shi wei zhi ji zhe yong .nv wei shuo ji zhe rong .ruo pu da zhi yi kui que yi .sui cai huai sui he .xing ruo you yi .zhong bu ke yi wei rong .shi zu yi fa xiao er zi dian er .shu ci yi da .hui dong cong shang lai .you po jian shi .xiang jian ri qian .zu zu wu xu yu zhi jian .de jie zhi yi .jin shao qing bao bu ce zhi zui .she xun yue .po ji dong .pu you bao cong shang yong .kong zu ran bu ke wei hui .shi pu zhong yi bu de shu fen men yi xiao zuo you .ze chang shi zhe hun po si hen wu qiong .qing lue chen gu lou .que ran jiu bu bao .xing wu wei guo .pu wen zhi .xiu shen zhe .zhi zhi fu ye .ai shi zhe .ren zhi duan ye .qu yu zhe .yi zhi biao ye .chi ru zhe .yong zhi jue ye .li ming zhe .xing zhi ji ye .shi you ci wu zhe .ran hou ke yi tuo yu shi .lie yu jun zi zhi lin yi .gu huo mo can yu yu li .bei mo tong yu shang xin .xing mo chou yu ru xian .gou mo da yu gong xing .xing yu zhi ren .wu suo bi shu .fei yi shi ye .suo cong lai yuan yi .xi wei ling gong yu yong qu tong zai .kong zi shi chen .shang yang yin jing jian jian .zhao liang han xin .tong zi can cheng .yuan si bian se .zi gu er chi zhi .fu yi zhong cai zhi ren .shi you guan yu huan shu .mo bu shang qi .er kuang yu kang kai zhi shi hu .ru jin chao ting sui fa ren .nai he ling dao ju zhi yu .jian tian xia zhi hao jun zai .pu lai xian ren xu ye .de dai zui nian gu xia .er shi yu nian yi .suo yi zi wei .shang zhi .bu neng na zhong xiao xin .you qi ce cai li zhi yu .zi jie ming zhu .ci zhi .you bu neng shi yi bu que .zhao xian jin 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xiang shan ye .qu she yi lu .wei chang xian bei jiu .jie yin qin zhi yu huan .ran pu guan qi wei ren .zi shou qi shi .shi qin xiao .yu shi xin .lin cai lian .qu yu yi .fen bie you rang .gong jian xia ren .chang si fen bu gu shen .yi xun guo jia zhi ji .qi su suo xu ji ye .pu yi wei you guo shi zhi feng .fu ren chen chu wan si bu gu yi sheng zhi ji .fu gong jia zhi nan .si yi qi yi .jin ju shi yi bu dang .er quan qu bao qi zi zhi chen sui er mei nie qi duan .pu cheng si xin tong zhi .qie li ling ti bu zu bu man wu qian .shen jian rong ma zhi di .zu li wang ting .chui er hu kou .heng tiao qiang hu .yang yi wan zhi shi .yu dan yu lian zhan shi you yu ri .suo sha guo dang .lu jiu si fu shang bu gei .zhan qiu zhi jun chang xian zhen bu .nai xi zheng qi zuo .you xian wang .ju yin gong zhi min .yi guo gong gong er wei zhi .zhuan dou qian li .shi jin dao qiong .jiu bing bu zhi .shi zu si shang ru ji .ran ling yi hu lao jun .shi wu bu qi .gong zi liu ti .mei xue yin qi .geng zhang kong juan .mao bai ren .bei shou zheng si di zhe .ling wei mei shi .shi you lai bao .han gong qing wang hou jie feng shang shang shou .hou shu ri .ling bai shu wen .zhu shang wei zhi shi bu gan wei .ting chao bu yi .da chen you ju .bu zhi suo chu .pu qie bu zi liao qi bei jian .jian zhu shang can qi da dao .cheng yu xiao qi kuan kuan zhi yu .yi wei li ling su yu shi da fu jue gan fen shao .neng de ren zhi si li .sui gu zhi ming jiang .bu neng guo ye .shen sui xian bai .bi guan qi yi .qie yu de qi dang er bao yu han .shi yi wu ke nai he .qi suo cui bai .gong yi zu yi bao yu tian xia yi .pu huai yu chen zhi .er wei you lu .shi hui zhao wen .ji yi ci zhi .tui yan ling zhi gong .yu yi guang zhu shang zhi yi .sai ya zi zhi ci .wei neng jin ming .ming zhu bu xiao .yi wei pu ju er shi .er wei li ling you shuo .sui xia yu li .quan quan zhi zhong .zhong bu neng zi lie .yin wei wu shang .zu cong li yi .jia pin .huo lu bu zu yi zi shu .jiao you mo jiu .zuo you qin jin bu wei yi yan .shen fei mu shi .du yu fa li wei wu .shen you ling yu zhi zhong .shui ke gao su zhe .ci zhen shao qing suo qin jian .pu xing shi qi bu ran hu .li ling ji sheng jiang .tui qi jia sheng .er pu you er zhi can shi .zhong wei tian xia guan xiao .bei fu .bei fu .shi wei yi yi er wei su ren yan ye .pu zhi xian fei you po fu dan shu zhi gong .wen shi xing li .jin hu bo zhu zhi jian .gu zhu shang suo xi nong .chang you suo xu .liu su zhi suo qing ye .jia ling pu fu fa shou zhu .ruo jiu niu wang yi mao .yu lou yi he yi yi .er shi you bu yu neng si jie zhe bi .te yi wei zhi qiong zui ji .bu neng zi mian .zu jiu si er .he ye .su suo zi shu li shi ran ye .ren gu you yi si .huo zhong yu tai shan .huo qing yu hong mao .yong zhi suo qu yi ye .tai shang bu ru xian .qi ci bu ru shen .qi ci bu ru li se .qi ci bu ru ci ling .qi ci qu ti shou ru .qi ci yi fu shou ru .qi ci guan mu suo .bei chui chu shou ru .qi ci ti mao fa .ying jin tie shou ru .qi ci hui ji fu .duan zhi ti shou ru .zui xia fu xing ji yi .chuan yue .xing bu shang da fu ..ci yan shi jie bu ke bu mian li ye .meng hu zai shen shan .bai shou zhen kong .ji zai jian jing zhi zhong .yao wei er qiu shi .ji wei yue zhi jian ye .gu shi you hua di wei lao .shi bu ke ru .xiao mu wei li .yi bu ke dui .ding ji yu xian ye .jin jiao shou zu .shou mu suo .bao ji fu .shou bang chui .you yu yuan qiang zhi zhong .dang ci zhi shi .jian yu li ze tou qiang di .shi tu li ze xin ti xi .he zhe .ji wei yue zhi shi ye .ji yi zhi shi .yan bu ru zhe .suo wei qiang yan er .he zu gui hu .qie xi bo .bo ye .ju yu you li .li si .xiang ye .ju yu wu xing .huai yin .wang ye .shou xie yu chen .peng yue .zhang ao .nan mian cheng gu .xi yu di zui .jiang hou zhu zhu lv .quan qing wu bo .qiu yu qing shi .wei qi .da jiang ye .yi zhe yi .guan san mu .ji bu wei zhu jia qian nu .guan fu shou ru yu ju shi .ci ren jie shen zhi wang hou jiang xiang .sheng wen lin guo .ji zui zhi wang jia .bu neng yin jue zi cai .zai chen ai zhi zhong .gu jin yi ti .an zai qi bu ru ye .you ci yan zhi .yong qie .shi ye .qiang ruo .xing ye .shen yi .he zu guai hu .fu ren bu neng zao zi cai sheng mo zhi wai .yi shao ling chi .zhi yu bian chui zhi jian .nai yu yin jie .si bu yi yuan hu .gu ren suo yi zhong shi xing yu da fu zhe .dai wei ci ye .fu ren qing mo bu tan sheng e si .nian fu mu .gu qi zi .zhi ji yu yi li zhe bu ran .nai you suo bu de yi ye .jin pu bu xing .zao shi fu mu .wu xiong di zhi qin .du shen gu li .shao qing shi pu yu qi zi he ru zai .qie yong zhe bu bi si jie .qie fu mu yi .he chu bu mian yan .pu sui qie nuo .yu gou huo .yi po shi qu jiu zhi fen yi .he zhi zi chen ni lei xie zhi ru zai .qie fu zang huo bi qie .you neng yin jue .kuang pu zhi bu de yi hu .suo yi yin ren gou huo .you yu fen tu zhi zhong er bu ci zhe .hen si xin you suo bu jin .bi lou mei shi .er wen cai bu biao yu hou ye .gu zhe fu gui er ming mo mie .bu ke sheng ji .wei ti tang fei chang zhi ren cheng yan .gai wen wang ju er yan .zhou yi ..zhong ni e er zuo .chun qiu ..qu yuan fang zhu .nai fu .li sao ..zuo qiu shi ming .jue you .guo yu ..sun zi bin jiao ..bing fa .xiu lie .bu wei qian shu .shi chuan .lv lan ..han fei qiu qin ..shuo nan ..gu fen ...shi .san bai pian .da di sheng xian fa fen zhi suo wei zuo ye .ci ren jie yi you suo yu jie .bu de tong qi dao .gu shu wang shi .si lai zhe .nai ru zuo qiu wu mu .sun zi duan zu .zhong bu ke yong .tui er lun shu ce .yi shu qi fen .si chui kong wen yi zi jian .pu qie bu xun .jin zi tuo yu wu neng zhi ci .wang luo tian xia fang shi jiu wen .lue kao qi xing shi .zong qi zhong shi .ji qi cheng bai xing huai zhi ji .shang ji xuan yuan .xia zhi yu zi .wei shi biao .ben ji shi er .shu ba zhang .shi jia san shi .lie chuan qi shi .fan bai san shi pian .yi yu yi jiu tian ren zhi ji .tong gu jin zhi bian .cheng yi jia zhi yan .cao chuang wei jiu .hui zao ci huo .xi qi bu cheng .shi yi jiu ji xing er wu yun se .pu cheng yi zhuo ci shu .cang zhi ming shan .chuan zhi qi ren .tong yi da du .ze pu chang qian ru zhi ze .sui wan bei lu .qi you hui zai .ran ci ke wei zhi zhe dao .nan wei su ren yan ye .qie fu xia wei yi ju .xia liu duo bang yi .pu yi kou yu yu zao ci huo .zhong wei xiang dang suo xiao .yi wu ru xian ren .yi he mian mu fu shang fu mu zhi qiu mu hu .sui lei bai shi .gou mi shen er .shi yi chang yi ri er jiu hui .ju ze hu hu ruo you suo wang .chu ze bu zhi qi suo wang .mei nian si chi .han wei chang bu fa bei zhan yi ye .shen zhi wei gui ge zhi chen .ning de zi yin shen cang yu yan xue xie .gu qie cong su fu chen .yu shi fu yang .yi tong qi kuang huo .jin shao qing nai jiao yi tui xian jin shi .wu nai yu pu si xin la miu hu .jin sui yu zi diao zhuo .man ci yi zi shi .wu yi .yu su bu xin .shi zu qu ru er .yao zhi .si ri ran hou shi fei nai ding .shu bu neng xi yi .gu lue chen gu lou .jin zai bai .yue yi wu chen zhi nian .jian hai zhi yue .da dao yi guo .jin ling wa jie .yu nai cuan shen huang gu .gong si tu tan .hua yang ben ming .you qu wu gui .zhong xing dao xiao .qiong yu jia xu .san ri ku yu du ting .san nian qiu yu bie guan .tian dao zhou xing .wu ji bu fan .fu xie zhi dan bei shen shi .wu chu qiu sheng .yuan an zhi mei nian wang shi .zi ran liu ti .xi huan jun shan zhi zhi shi .du yuan kai zhi ping sheng .bing you zhuo shu .xian neng zi xu .pan yue zhi wen cai .shi shu jia feng .lu ji zhi ci fu .xian chen shi de .xin nian shi er mao .ji feng sang luan .miao shi liu li .zhi yu mu chi .yan ge yuan bie .bei bu zi sheng .chu lao xiang feng .qi jiang he ji .wei nan shan zhi yu .hu jian qin ting .rang dong hai zhi bin .sui can zhou su .xia ting piao bo .gao qiao ji lv .chu ge fei qu le zhi fang .lu jiu wu wang you zhi yong .zhui wei ci fu .liao yi ji yan .bu wu wei ku zhi ci .wei yi bei ai wei zhu .ri mu tu yuan .ren jian he shi .jiang jun yi qu .da shu piao ling .zhuang shi bu huan .han feng xiao se .jing bi ni zhu .shou lian cheng er jian qi .zai shu heng jie .peng zhu pan er bu ding .zhong yi jun zi .ru jiu nan guan zhi qiu .ji sun xing ren .liu shou xi he zhi guan .shen bao xu zhi dun di .sui zhi yi shou .cai wei gong zhi lei jin .jia zhi yi xue .diao tai yi liu .fei yu guan zhi ke wang .hua ting he li .qi he qiao zhi ke wen .sun ce yi tian xia wei san fen .zhong cai yi lv .xiang ji yong jiang dong zhi zi di .ren wei ba qian .sui nai fen lie shan he .zai ge tian xia .qi you bai wan yi shi .yi chao juan jia .shan yi zhan fa .ru cao mu yan .jiang huai wu ya an zhi zu .ting bi wu fan li zhi gu .tou hui ji lian zhe .he zong di jiao .chu nou ji jin du .yin li cheng bian .jiang fei jiang biao wang qi .zhong yu san bai nian hu .shi zhi bing tun liu he .bu mian zhi dao zhi zai .hun yi che shu .wu jiu ping yang zhi huo .wu hu .shan yue beng tui .ji lv wei wang zhi yun .chun qiu die dai .bi you qu gu zhi bei .tian yi ren shi .ke yi qi chuang shang xin zhe yi .kuang fu zhou ji lu qiong .xing han fei cheng cha ke shang .feng biao dao zu .peng lai wu ke dao zhi qi .qiong zhe yu da qi yan .lao zhe xu ge qi shi .lu shi heng wen er fu zhang .shi suo gan xin .zhang ping zi jian er lou zhi .gu qi yi yi .bi ze zhi bei .you pu yu he .you mei yi ren .shang ru zhi he .wu mei wu wei .ti si pang tuo .bi ze zhi bei .you pu yu jian .you mei yi ren .shuo da qie juan .wu mei wu wei .zhong xin yuan yuan .bi ze zhi bei .you pu han dan .you mei yi ren .shuo da qie yan .wu mei wu wei .zhan zhuan fu zhen .diao li pi yun qing zhang rao .lv suo xi yu chun jiang miao .bai niao fei lai feng man zhao .shou lun liao .yu tong pai shou qiao qing xiao .ming yue tai xu tong yi zhao .fu jia fan zhai wang hun xiao .zui yan leng kan cheng shi nao .yan bo lao .shui neng re de xian fan nao .zhi you qian qi zai .nan fen ci ye zhong .wu jiang gu ren jiu .bu ji shi you feng .ji shan yun you bao .yi shu zai xi shan .shan e gou bu ying .he shi kong li yan .jiu shi xing dai suo .ji han kuang dang nian .bu lai gu qiong jie .bai shi dang shui chuan .

江水摇碎岸边渔船的灯影，远处白蘋飘散着浓浓的香风。涛声仿佛湘妃在弹奏凄清的怨曲，那朱红的瑟弦凄切的悲鸣，久久地迥荡在蓝天白云中。
[17] 尽(jin)取天下名士囚禁之：东汉桓帝时，宦官专权，一些名士如李膺等二(er)百多(duo)人反对宦官被加上“诽讪朝廷”的罪名，逮捕囚禁。到灵帝时，李膺等一百多人被杀，六、七百人受到株连，历史上称为“党锢之祸”。一直(zhi)玩到没了兴致才乘舟返回，却迷途进入藕花池的深处。
③高堂：高大的厅堂，宽敞的房屋。巨鳌背(bei)负神山舞动四肢，神山怎样才能安然不动？
⑪年时：一年时光。史浩《千秋岁》：“把盏对横枝，尚忆年时个。”禅客归山心情急，山深禅定易得安。
210.乱惑：疯狂昏(hun)迷。三年为抗清兵东走西飘荡，今天兵败被俘作囚入牢房。
⑶旋风。《楚辞·九章·悲回风》：“悲回风之摇蕙兮，心冤结而内伤。”早晨，画栋飞上了南浦的云；
16、字：表(biao)字，这里活用作动词，起个表字。十步之内，稳杀一人，千里关隘，不可留行。
16.萦纡（yíng yū）：双声连绵字，缭绕的样子。这里比喻心绪不宁。惭愧呀(ya)我空有耳朵一双，对音乐太外行不懂欣赏。
31.听其所止而休焉：任凭那船停止在什么地方就在什么地方休息。

　　中间二联分别通过写锦江的地上芳草、空中好云、山脉、河流的可爱和多情，以表达对蔡氏兄弟的友情，寄托对他们的怀念。作者只说锦城的草、云、山、水的美好多情，而不直说蔡氏兄弟的多情，含蓄而有韵味。
　　也许是长久偏安于江左的青山绿水，不闻飞骑击虏、角声马鸣之故吧，南朝稍有壮心的文人士子，往往热衷于汉人出塞千里、勒铭燕然的军戎生涯和辉煌业绩。因此，仿“古诗”、叙汉事，借以抒写自己的怀抱和感慨，也成了他们作诗的一大爱好。范云这首诗，正以“效古”为题，倒转时空，把自身带入了六百年前边塞征战的戎马倥偬之中。
　　从诗艺上说，“在浚之郊”“在浚之都”“在浚之城”，由远而近，“良马四之”“良马五之”“良马六之”由少而多，章法是很严谨的，而“何以畀之”“何以予之”“何以告之”用疑问句代陈述句，摇曳生姿。如果按“访贤说”，那么此诗反映访贤大夫求贤若渴的心理可谓妙笔生花。
　　打猎也分两步。先是“飞土”，把泥弹装到弓上打出去。至于泥弹的制作过程，诗中也未作交代，但从“续竹”到“飞土”，可以想见还有一个制作泥弹的环节。“飞土”的目标，或是飞禽，或是走兽，一旦打中，便向猎获物奔去。“逐宍”便是指追捕受伤的鸟兽。“宍”，为古“肉”字，指代飞禽走兽。
　　再下去四句：“四角碍白日，七层摩苍穹。下窥指高鸟，俯听闻惊风。”写登上塔顶所见，极力夸张塔体之高，摩天蔽日，与天齐眉，低头下望，鸟在眼下，风在脚下。这鸟和风，从地面上看，本是高空之物，而从塔上看，就成了低处之景，反衬宝塔其高无比。
　　前四句本是一段事实，却反而成为幻想；后四句原是幻想，却反而如此真实。艺术的真实性，在这里正依据着美的辩证法则，把平凡的语言，化为无尽的言说。
　　这首词是题《春江钓叟图》画之词。据《南唐书·后主纪》载：“文献太子恶其有奇表，后主避祸，惟覃思经籍。”由此，也有人认为，这首词是“后主为情势所迫，沈潜避祸，隐遁世尘并写词表露自己的遁世之心，以释文献太子的疑嫉”（蒲仁、梅龙《南唐二主词全集》辑注），也有道理。词史上最早写《渔父》词的，是唐代的张志和。李煜这首词，继承的就是张志和的“渔父家风”，写渔父的快乐逍遥。从词意上看，此词耽于隐逸、格调不高，当是李煜前期意念消沉的作品。