观二年，京师旱，蝗虫大起。太宗入苑视禾，见蝗虫，掇数枚而曰：“人以谷为命，而汝食之，是害于百姓。百姓有过，在予一人。尔其有灵，但当蚀我心，无害百姓。”将吞之，左右遽谏曰：“恐诚疾，不可！”太宗：“所冀移灾朕躬，何疾之避！”遂吞之。陈胜者，阳城人也，字涉。吴广者，阳夏人也，字叔。陈涉少时，尝与人佣耕，辍耕之垄上，怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，无相忘。”佣者笑而应曰：“若为佣耕，何富贵也？”陈涉太息曰：“嗟乎！燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！”二世元年七月，发闾左谪戍渔阳，九百人屯大泽乡。陈胜﹑吴广皆次当行，为屯长。会天大雨，道不通，度已失期。失期，法皆斩。陈胜﹑吴广乃谋曰：“今亡亦死，举大计亦死；等死，死国可乎？”陈胜曰：“天下苦秦久矣。吾闻二世少子也，不当立，当立者乃公子扶苏。扶苏以数谏故，上使外将兵。今或闻无罪，二世杀之。百姓多闻其贤，未知其死也。项燕为楚将，数有功，爱士卒，楚人怜之。或以为死，或以为亡。今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏﹑项燕，为天下唱，宜多应者。”吴广以为然。乃行卜。卜者知其指意，曰：“足下事皆成，有功。然足下卜之鬼乎！”陈胜﹑吴广喜，念鬼，曰：“此教我先威众耳。”乃丹书帛曰“陈胜王”，置人所罾鱼腹中。卒买鱼烹食，得鱼腹中书，固以怪之矣。又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中，夜篝火，狐鸣唿曰：“大楚兴，陈胜王。”卒皆夜惊恐。旦日，卒中往往语，皆指目陈胜。吴广素爱人，士卒多为用者。将尉醉，广故数言欲亡，忿恚尉，令辱之，以激怒其众。尉果笞广。尉剑挺，广起，夺而杀尉。陈胜佐之，并杀两尉。召令徒属曰：“公等遇雨，皆已失期，失期当斩。藉第令毋斩，而戍死者固十六七。且壮士不死即已，死即举大名耳，王侯将相宁nìng有种乎！”徒属皆曰：“敬受命。”乃诈称公子扶苏﹑项燕，从民欲也。袒右，称大楚。为坛而盟，祭以尉首。陈胜自立为将军，吴广为都尉。攻大泽乡，收而攻蕲qí。蕲下，乃令符离人葛婴将兵徇蕲以东。攻铚、酂、苦、柘、谯皆下之。行收兵。比至陈，车六七百乘，骑千余，卒数万人。攻陈，陈守令皆不在，独守丞与战谯门中。弗胜，守丞死，乃入据陈。数日，号令召三老﹑豪杰与皆来会计事。三老﹑豪杰皆曰：“将军身被坚执锐，伐无道，诛暴秦，复立楚国之社稷jì，功宜为王。”陈涉乃立为王，号为张楚。当此时，诸郡县苦秦吏者，皆刑其长吏，杀之以应陈涉。乃以吴叔为假王，监诸将以西击荥阳。令陈人武臣、张耳、陈馀徇赵地，令汝阴人邓宗徇九江郡。当此时，楚兵数千人为聚者，不可胜数。葛婴至东城，立襄强为楚王。婴后闻陈王已立，因杀襄强，还报。至陈，陈王诛杀葛婴。陈王令魏人周市北徇魏地。吴广围荥阳。李由为三川守，守荥阳，吴叔弗能下。陈王征国之豪杰与计，以上蔡人房君蔡赐为上柱国。周文，陈之贤人也，尝为项燕军视日，事春申君，自言习兵，陈王与之将军印，西击秦。行收兵至关，车千乘，卒数十万，至戏，军焉。秦令少府章邯免郦山徒﹑人奴产子生，悉发以击楚大军，尽败之。周文败，走出关，止次曹阳二三月。章邯追败之，复走次渑池十余日。章邯击，大破之。周文自刭，军遂不战。武臣到邯郸，自立为赵王，陈馀为大将军，张耳、召骚为左右丞相。陈王怒，捕系武臣等家室，欲诛之。柱国曰：“秦未亡而诛赵王将相家属，此生一秦也。不如因而立之。”陈王乃遣使者贺赵，而徙系武臣等家属宫中，而封耳子张敖为成都君，趣赵兵，亟入关。赵王将相相与谋曰：“王王赵，非楚意也。楚已诛秦，必加兵于赵。计莫如毋西兵，使使北徇燕地以自广也。赵南据大河，北有燕、代，楚虽胜秦，不敢制赵。若楚不胜秦，必重赵。赵乘秦之弊，可以得志于天下。”赵王以为然，因不西兵，而遣故上谷卒史韩广将兵北徇燕地。燕故贵人豪杰谓韩广曰：“楚已立王，赵又已立王。燕虽小，亦万乘之国也，原将军立为燕王。”韩广曰：“广母在赵，不可。”燕人曰：“赵方西忧秦，南忧楚，其力不能禁我。且以楚之彊，不敢害赵王将相之家，赵独安敢害将军之家！”韩广以为然，乃自立为燕王。居数月，赵奉燕王母及家属归之燕。当此之时，诸将之徇地者，不可胜数。周市北徇地至狄，狄人田儋杀狄令，自立为齐王，以齐反击周市。市军散，还至魏地，欲立魏后故宁陵君咎为魏王。时咎在陈王所，不得之魏。魏地已定，欲相与立周市为魏王，周市不肯。使者五反，陈王乃立宁陵君咎为魏王，遣之国。周市卒为相。将军田臧等相与谋曰：“周章军已破矣，秦兵旦暮至，我围荥阳城弗能下，秦军至，必大败。不如少遗兵，足以守荥阳，悉精兵迎秦军。今假王骄，不知兵权，不可与计，非诛之，事恐败。”因相与矫王令以诛吴叔，献其首于陈王。陈王使使赐田臧楚令尹印，使为上将。田臧乃使诸将李归等守荥阳城，自以精兵西迎秦军于敖仓。与战，田臧死，军破。章邯进兵击李归等荥阳下，破之，李归等死。阳城人邓说将兵居郯，章邯别将击破之，邓说军散走陈。铚人伍徐将兵居许，章邯击破之，伍徐军皆散走陈。陈王诛邓说。陈王初立时，陵人秦嘉﹑铚人董譄﹑符离人朱鸡石﹑取虑人郑布﹑徐人丁疾等皆特起，将兵围东海守庆于郯。陈王闻，乃使武平君畔为将军，监郯下军。秦嘉不受命，嘉自立为大司马，恶属武平君。告军吏曰：“武平君年少，不知兵事，勿听！”因矫以王命杀武平君畔。章邯已破伍徐，击陈，柱国房君死。章邯又进兵击陈西张贺军。陈王出监战，军破，张贺死。腊月，陈王之汝阴，还至下城父，其御庄贾杀以降秦。陈胜葬砀，谥曰隐王。陈王故涓人将军吕臣为仓头军，起新阳，攻陈下之，杀庄贾，复以陈为楚。初，陈王至陈，令铚人宋留将兵定南阳，入武关。留已徇南阳，闻陈王死，南阳复为秦。宋留不能入武关，乃东至新蔡，遇秦军，宋留以军降秦。秦传留至咸阳，车裂留以徇。秦嘉等闻陈王军破出走，乃立景驹为楚王，引兵之方与，欲击秦军定陶下。使公孙庆使齐王，欲与并力俱进。齐王曰：“闻陈王战败，不知其死生，楚安得不请而立王！”公孙庆曰：“齐不请楚而立王，楚何故请齐而立王！且楚首事，当令于天下。”田儋诛杀公孙庆。秦左右校复攻陈，下之。吕将军走，收兵复聚。鄱盗当阳君黥布之兵相收，复击秦左右校，破之青波，复以陈为楚。会项梁立怀王孙心为楚王。陈胜王凡六月。已为王，王陈。其故人尝与佣耕者闻之，之陈，扣宫门曰：“吾欲见涉。”宫门令欲缚之。自辩数，乃置，不肯为通。陈王出，遮道而唿涉。陈王闻之，乃召见，载与俱归。入宫，见殿屋帷帐，客曰：“伙颐！涉之为王沉沉者！”楚人谓多为伙，故天下传之，伙涉为王，由陈涉始。客出入愈益发舒，言陈王故情。或说陈王曰：“客愚无知，颛妄言，轻威。”陈王斩之。诸陈王故人皆自引去，由是无亲陈王者。陈王以朱房为中正，胡武为司过，主司群臣。诸将徇地，至，令之不是者，系而罪之，以苛察为忠。其所不善者，弗下吏，辄自治之。陈王信用之。诸将以其故不亲附，此其所以败也。陈胜虽已死，其所置遣侯王将相竟亡秦，由涉首事也。高祖时为陈涉置守頉三十家砀，至今血食。褚先生曰：地形险阻，所以为固也；兵革刑法，所以为治也。犹未足恃也。夫先王以仁义为本，而以固塞文法为枝叶，岂不然哉！吾闻贾生之称曰：“秦孝公据肴函之固，拥雍州之地，君臣固守，以窥周室，有席卷天下、包举宇内、囊括四海之意，并吞八荒之心。当是时也，商君佐之，内立法度，务耕织，修守战之具；外连衡而斗诸侯。于是秦人拱手而取西河之外。“孝公既没，惠文、武、昭襄蒙故业因遗策，南取汉中，西举巴蜀，东割膏腴之地，收要害之郡。诸侯恐惧，会盟而谋弱秦，不爱珍器、重宝、肥饶之地，以致天下之士，合从缔交，相与为一。当此之时，齐有孟尝，赵有平原，楚有春申，魏有信陵。此四君者，皆明智而忠信，宽厚而爱人，尊贤而重士，约从离横，兼韩、魏、燕、赵、宋、卫、中山之众。于是六国之士，有宁越、徐尚、苏秦、杜赫之属为之谋，齐明、周最、陈轸、召滑、楼缓、翟景、苏厉、乐毅之徒通其意，吴起、孙膑、带佗、倪良、王廖、田忌、廉颇、赵奢之伦制其兵。尝以十倍之地，百万之众，叩关而攻秦。秦人开关而延敌，九国之师逡巡遁逃而不敢进。秦无亡矢遗镞之费，而天下诸侯已困矣。于是从散约解，争割地以赂秦。秦有余力而制其弊，追亡逐北，伏尸百万，流血飘橹。因利乘便，宰割天下，分裂河山。强国请服，弱国入朝。“施及孝文王、庄襄王，享国之日浅，国家无事。“及至始皇，奋六世之余烈，振长策而御宇内，吞二周而亡诸侯，履至尊而制六合，执敲朴以鞭笞天下，威振四海。南取百越之地，以为桂林、象郡。百越之君，俯首系颈，委命下吏。乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱，却匈奴七百余里。胡人不敢南下而牧马，士不敢弯弓而报怨。于是废先王之道，燔百家之言，以愚黔首；隳名城，杀豪俊，收天下之兵聚之咸阳，销锋鍉，铸以为金人十二，以弱天下之民。然后践华为城，因河为池，据亿丈之城、临不测之溪以为固。良将劲驽，守要害之处；信臣精卒，陈利兵而谁何。天下已定，始皇之心，自以为关中之固，金城千里，子孙帝王万世之业也。“始皇既没，余威震于殊俗。 然陈涉瓮牖绳枢之子，氓隶之人，而迁徙之徒也；材能不及中人，非有仲尼、墨翟之贤，陶朱、猗顿之富。蹑足行伍之间，倔起阡陌之中，率罢散之卒，将数百之众，转而攻秦，斩木为兵，揭竿为旗，天下云集而响应，赢粮而景从。山东豪俊遂并起而亡秦族矣。“且夫天下非小弱也，雍州之地，肴函之固，自若也；陈涉之位，非尊于齐、楚、燕、赵、韩、魏、宋、卫、中山之君也；锄耰棘矜，不铦于钩戟长铩也；适戍之众，非抗于九国之师也；深谋远虑，行军用兵之道，非及向时之士也。然而成败异变，功业相反。试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大，比权量力，则不可同年而语矣。然秦以区区之地，致万乘之势，序八州而朝同列，百有余年矣。然后以六合为家，肴函为宫。一夫作难而七庙隳，身死人手，为天下笑者，何也？仁义不施而攻守之势异也。”【索隐述赞】天下匈匈，海内乏主，掎鹿争捷，瞻乌爰处。陈胜首事，厥号张楚。鬼怪是凭，鸿鹄自许。葛婴东下，周文西拒。始亲朱房，又任胡武。伙颐见杀，腹心不与。庄贾何人，反噬城父！翠幕深庭，露红晚、闲花自发。春不断、亭台成趣，翠阴蒙密。紫燕雏飞帘额静，金鳞影转池心阔。有花香、竹色赋闲情，供吟笔。 闲问字，评风月。时载酒，调冰雪。似初秋入夜，浅凉欺葛。人境不教车马近，醉乡莫放笙歌歇。倩双成、一曲紫云回，红莲折。疏枝横玉瘦，小萼点珠光。一朵忽先变，百花皆后香。欲传春信息，不怕雪埋藏。玉笛休三弄，东君正主张。洞庭春晚，旧传恐是，人间尤物。收拾瑶池倾国艳，来向朱栏一壁。透户龙香，隔帘莺语，料得肌如雪。月妖真态，是谁教避人杰。酒罢归对寒窗，相留昨夜，应是梅花发。赋了高唐犹想像，不管孤灯明灭。半面难期，多情易感，愁点星星发。绕梁声在，为伊忘味三月。虏骑三秋入，关云万里平。雪似胡沙暗，冰如汉月明。高阙银为阙，长城玉作城。节旄零落尽，天子不知名。逢尤悲兮愁，哀兮忧！天生我兮当闇时，被诼谮兮虚获尤。心烦愦兮意无聊，严载驾兮出戏游。周八极兮历九州，求轩辕兮索重华。世既卓兮远眇眇，握佩玖兮中路躇。羡咎繇兮建典谟，懿风后兮受瑞图。愍余命兮遭六极，委玉质兮于泥涂。遽傽遑兮驱林泽，步屏营兮行丘阿。车軏折兮马虺颓，惷怅立兮涕滂沱。思丁文兮圣明哲，哀平差兮迷谬愚。吕傅举兮殷周兴，忌嚭专兮郢吴虚。仰长叹兮气噎结，悒殟绝兮咶复苏。虎兕争兮于廷中，豺狼斗兮我之隅。云雾会兮日冥晦，飘风起兮扬尘埃。走鬯罔兮乍东西，欲窜伏兮其焉如？念灵闺兮隩重深，原竭节兮隔无由。望旧邦兮路逶随，忧心悄兮志勤劬。魂茕茕兮不遑寐，目眽眽兮寤终朝。怨上令尹兮謷謷，群司兮譨譨。哀哉兮淈淈，上下兮同流。菽藟兮蔓衍，芳虈兮挫枯。硃紫兮杂乱，曾莫兮别诸。倚此兮岩穴，永思兮窈悠。嗟怀兮眩惑，用志兮不昭。将丧兮玉斗，遗失兮钮枢。我心兮煎熬，惟是兮用忧。进恶兮九旬，复顾兮彭务。拟斯兮二踪，未知兮所投。谣吟兮中野，上察兮璇玑。大火兮西睨，摄提兮运低。雷霆兮硠磕，雹霰兮霏霏。奔电兮光晃，凉风兮怆悽。鸟兽兮惊骇，相从兮宿栖。鸳鸯兮噰噰，狐狸兮徾徾。哀吾兮介特，独处兮罔依。蝼蛄兮鸣东，蟊蠽兮号西。蛓缘兮我裳，蠋入兮我怀。虫豸兮夹余，惆怅兮自悲。伫立兮忉怛，心结縎兮折摧。疾世周徘徊兮汉渚，求水神兮灵女。嗟此国兮无良，媒女诎兮謰謱。鴳雀列兮譁讙，鸲鹆鸣兮聒余。抱昭华兮宝璋，欲衒鬻兮莫取。言旋迈兮北徂，叫我友兮配耦。日阴曀兮未光，阒睄窕兮靡睹。纷载驱兮高驰，将咨询兮皇羲。遵河皋兮周流，路变易兮时乖。濿沧海兮东游，沐盥浴兮天池。访太昊兮道要，云靡贵兮仁义。志欣乐兮反征，就周文兮邠歧。秉玉英兮结誓，日欲暮兮心悲。惟天禄兮不再，背我信兮自违。逾陇堆兮渡漠，过桂车兮合黎。赴昆山兮馽騄，从邛遨兮栖迟。吮玉液兮止渴，啮芝华兮疗饥。居嵺廓兮尠畴，远梁昌兮几迷。望江汉兮濩渃，心紧絭兮伤怀。时昢昢兮且旦，尘莫莫兮未晞。忧不暇兮寝食，咤增叹兮如雷。悯上哀世兮睩睩，諓諓兮嗌喔。众多兮阿媚，骪靡兮成俗。贪枉兮党比，贞良兮茕独。鹄窜兮枳棘，鹈集兮帷幄。罽蕠兮青葱，藁本兮萎落。睹斯兮伪惑，心为兮隔错。逡巡兮圃薮，率彼兮畛陌。川谷兮渊渊，山阜兮峉峉。丛林兮崟崟，株榛兮岳岳。霜雪兮漼溰，冰冻兮洛泽。东西兮南北，罔所兮归薄。庇廕兮枯树，匍匐兮岩石。蜷跼兮寒局数，独处兮志不申。年齿尽兮命迫促，魁垒挤摧兮常困辱。含忧强老兮愁无乐，须发苎悴兮顠鬓白。思灵泽兮一膏沐，怀兰英兮把琼若，待天明兮立踯躅。云蒙蒙兮电鯈烁，孤雌惊兮鸣呴呴。思怫郁兮肝切剥，忿悁悒兮孰诉告。遭厄悼屈子兮遭厄，沉王躬兮湘汨。何楚国兮难化，迄于今兮不易。士莫志兮羔裘，竞佞谀兮谗阋。指正义兮为曲，訿玉璧兮为石。殦雕游兮华屋，鵔鸃栖兮柴蔟。起奋迅兮奔走，违群小兮謑訽。载青云兮上昇，适昭明兮所处。蹑天衢兮长驱，踵九阳兮戏荡。越云汉兮南济，秣余马兮河鼓。云霓纷兮晻翳，参辰回兮颠倒。逢流星兮问路，顾我指兮从左。俓娵觜兮直驰，御者迷兮失轨。遂踢达兮邪造，与日月兮殊道。志阏绝兮安如，哀所求兮不耦。攀天阶兮下视，见鄢郢兮旧宇。意逍遥兮欲归，众秽盛兮沓沓。思哽饐兮诘诎，涕流澜兮如雨。悼乱嗟嗟兮悲夫，殽乱兮纷挐。茅丝兮同综，冠屦兮共絇。督万兮侍宴，周邵兮负刍。白龙兮见射，灵龟兮执拘。仲尼兮困厄，邹衍兮幽囚。伊余兮念兹，奔遁兮隐居。将升兮高山，上有兮猴猿。欲入兮深谷，下有兮虺蛇。左见兮鸣鵙，右睹兮唿枭。惶悸兮失气，踊跃兮距跳。便旋兮中原，仰天兮增叹。菅蒯兮楙莽，雚苇兮仟眠。鹿蹊兮躖躖，貒貉兮蟫蟫。鹯鹞兮轩轩，鹑鹌兮甄甄。哀我兮寡独，靡有兮齐伦。意欲兮沉吟，迫日兮黄昏。玄鹤兮高飞，曾逝兮青冥。鸧鹒兮喈喈，山鹊兮嘤嘤。鸿鸬兮振翅，归雁兮于征。吾志兮觉悟，怀我兮圣京。垂屣兮将起，跓俟兮硕明。伤时惟昊天兮昭灵，阳气发兮清明。风习习兮和暖，百草萌兮华荣。堇荼茂兮扶疏，蘅芷彫兮莹嫇。愍贞良兮遇害，将夭折兮碎糜。时混混兮浇饡，哀当世兮莫知。览往昔兮俊彦，亦诎辱兮系纍。管束缚兮桎梏，百贸易兮传卖。遭桓缪兮识举，才德用兮列施。且从容兮自慰，玩琴书兮游戏。迫中国兮迮陿，吾欲之兮九夷。超五岭兮嵯峨，观浮石兮崔嵬。陟丹山兮炎野，屯余车兮黄支。就祝融兮稽疑，嘉己行兮无为。乃回朅兮北逝，遇神孈兮宴娭。欲静居兮自娱，心愁慼兮不能。放余辔兮策驷，忽飙腾兮浮云。跖飞杭兮越海，从安期兮蓬莱。缘天梯兮北上，登太一兮玉台。使素女兮鼓簧，乘戈和兮讴谣。声噭誂兮清和，音晏衍兮要婬。咸欣欣兮酣乐，余眷眷兮独悲。顾章华兮太息，志恋恋兮依依。哀岁旻天兮清凉，玄气兮高朗。北风兮潦洌，草木兮苍唐。蛜蚗兮噍噍，蝍蛆兮穰穰。岁忽忽兮惟暮，余感时兮悽怆。伤俗兮泥浊，矇蔽兮不章。宝彼兮沙砾，捐此兮夜光。椒瑛兮湟污，葈耳兮充房。摄衣兮缓带，操我兮墨阳。昇车兮命仆，将驰兮四荒。下堂兮见虿，出门兮触螽。巷有兮蚰蜓，邑多兮螳螂。睹斯兮嫉贼，心为兮切伤。俛念兮子胥，仰怜兮比干。投剑兮脱冕，龙屈兮蜿蟤。潜藏兮山泽，匍匐兮丛攒。窥见兮溪涧，流水兮沄沄。鼋鼍兮欣欣，鳣鲇兮延延。群行兮上下，骈罗兮列陈。自恨兮无友，特处兮茕茕。冬夜兮陶陶，雨雪兮冥冥。神光兮颎颎，鬼火兮荧荧。修德兮困控，愁不聊兮遑生。忧纡兮郁郁，恶所兮写情。守志陟玉峦兮逍遥，览高冈兮峣峣。桂树列兮纷敷，吐紫华兮布条。实孔鸾兮所居，今其集兮惟鸮。乌鹊惊兮哑哑，余顾盼兮怊怊。彼日月兮闇昧，障覆天兮祲氛。伊我后兮不聪，焉陈诚兮效忠。摅羽翮兮超俗，游陶遨兮养神。乘六蛟兮蜿蝉，遂驰骋兮升云。扬彗光兮为旗，秉电策兮为鞭。朝晨发兮鄢郢，食时至兮增泉。绕曲阿兮北次，造我车兮南端。谒玄黄兮纳贽，崇忠贞兮弥坚。历九宫兮遍观，睹秘藏兮宝珍。就传说兮骑龙，与织女兮合婚。举天罼兮掩邪，彀天弧兮射奸。随真人兮翱翔，食元气兮长存。望太微兮穆穆，睨三阶兮炳分。相辅政兮成化，建烈业兮垂勋。目瞥瞥兮西没，道遐回兮阻叹。志稸积兮未通，怅敞罔兮自怜。乱曰：天庭明兮云霓藏，三光朗兮镜万方。斥蜥蜴兮进龟龙，策谋从兮翼机衡。配稷契兮恢唐功，嗟英俊兮未为双。渡远荆门外，来从楚国游。山随平野尽，江入大荒流。月下飞天镜，云生结海楼。仍怜故乡水，万里送行舟。

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.fen yuan yi xi shu su gao .zao e dao qu zi xi zao e .chen wang gong xi xiang mi .he chu guo xi nan hua .qi yu jin xi bu yi .shi mo zhi xi gao qiu .jing ning yu xi chan xi .zhi zheng yi xi wei qu .zi yu bi xi wei shi .diao diao you xi hua wu .jun yi qi xi chai cu .qi fen xun xi ben zou .wei qun xiao xi xi gou .zai qing yun xi shang sheng .shi zhao ming xi suo chu .nie tian qu xi chang qu .zhong jiu yang xi xi dang .yue yun han xi nan ji .mo yu ma xi he gu .yun ni fen xi an yi .can chen hui xi dian dao .feng liu xing xi wen lu .gu wo zhi xi cong zuo .jing ju zi xi zhi chi .yu zhe mi xi shi gui .sui ti da xi xie zao .yu ri yue xi shu dao .zhi e jue xi an ru .ai suo qiu xi bu ou .pan tian jie xi xia shi .jian yan ying xi jiu yu .yi xiao yao xi yu gui .zhong hui sheng xi da da .si geng yi xi jie qu .ti liu lan xi ru yu .dao luan jie jie xi bei fu .yao luan xi fen na .mao si xi tong zong .guan ju xi gong qu .du wan xi shi yan .zhou shao xi fu chu .bai long xi jian she .ling gui xi zhi ju .zhong ni xi kun e .zou yan xi you qiu .yi yu xi nian zi .ben dun xi yin ju .jiang sheng xi gao shan .shang you xi hou yuan .yu ru xi shen gu .xia you xi hui she .zuo jian xi ming ju .you du xi hu xiao .huang ji xi shi qi .yong yue xi ju tiao .bian xuan xi zhong yuan .yang tian xi zeng tan .jian kuai xi mao mang .guan wei xi qian mian .lu qi xi duan duan .tuan he xi yin yin .zhan yao xi xuan xuan .chun an xi zhen zhen .ai wo xi gua du .mi you xi qi lun .yi yu xi chen yin .po ri xi huang hun .xuan he xi gao fei .zeng shi xi qing ming .cang geng xi jie jie .shan que xi ying ying .hong lu xi zhen chi .gui yan xi yu zheng .wu zhi xi jue wu .huai wo xi sheng jing .chui xi xi jiang qi .zhu si xi shuo ming .shang shi wei hao tian xi zhao ling .yang qi fa xi qing ming .feng xi xi xi he nuan .bai cao meng xi hua rong .jin tu mao xi fu shu .heng zhi diao xi ying ming .min zhen liang xi yu hai .jiang yao zhe xi sui mi .shi hun hun xi jiao zan .ai dang shi xi mo zhi .lan wang xi xi jun yan .yi qu ru xi xi lei .guan shu fu xi zhi gu .bai mao yi xi chuan mai .zao huan miu xi shi ju .cai de yong xi lie shi .qie cong rong xi zi wei .wan qin shu xi you xi .po zhong guo xi ze xia .wu yu zhi xi jiu yi .chao wu ling xi cuo e .guan fu shi xi cui wei .zhi dan shan xi yan ye .tun yu che xi huang zhi .jiu zhu rong xi ji yi .jia ji xing xi wu wei .nai hui qie xi bei shi .yu shen hui xi yan xi .yu jing ju xi zi yu .xin chou qi xi bu neng .fang yu pei xi ce si .hu biao teng xi fu yun .zhi fei hang xi yue hai .cong an qi xi peng lai .yuan tian ti xi bei shang .deng tai yi xi yu tai .shi su nv xi gu huang .cheng ge he xi ou yao .sheng jiao tiao xi qing he .yin yan yan xi yao yin .xian xin xin xi han le .yu juan juan xi du bei .gu zhang hua xi tai xi .zhi lian lian xi yi yi .ai sui min tian xi qing liang .xuan qi xi gao lang .bei feng xi liao lie .cao mu xi cang tang .yi jue xi jiao jiao .ji qu xi rang rang .sui hu hu xi wei mu .yu gan shi xi qi chuang .shang su xi ni zhuo .meng bi xi bu zhang .bao bi xi sha li .juan ci xi ye guang .jiao ying xi huang wu .xi er xi chong fang .she yi xi huan dai .cao wo xi mo yang .sheng che xi ming pu .jiang chi xi si huang .xia tang xi jian chai .chu men xi chu zhong .xiang you xi you ting .yi duo xi tang lang .du si xi ji zei .xin wei xi qie shang .mian nian xi zi xu .yang lian xi bi gan .tou jian xi tuo mian .long qu xi wan zhuan .qian cang xi shan ze .pu fu xi cong zan .kui jian xi xi jian .liu shui xi yun yun .yuan tuo xi xin xin .zhan nian xi yan yan .qun xing xi shang xia .pian luo xi lie chen .zi hen xi wu you .te chu xi qiong qiong .dong ye xi tao tao .yu xue xi ming ming .shen guang xi jiong jiong .gui huo xi ying ying .xiu de xi kun kong .chou bu liao xi huang sheng .you yu xi yu yu .e suo xi xie qing .shou zhi zhi yu luan xi xiao yao .lan gao gang xi yao yao .gui shu lie xi fen fu .tu zi hua xi bu tiao .shi kong luan xi suo ju .jin qi ji xi wei xiao .wu que jing xi ya ya .yu gu pan xi chao chao .bi ri yue xi an mei .zhang fu tian xi jin fen .yi wo hou xi bu cong .yan chen cheng xi xiao zhong .shu yu he xi chao su .you tao ao xi yang shen .cheng liu jiao xi wan chan .sui chi cheng xi sheng yun .yang hui guang xi wei qi .bing dian ce xi wei bian .chao chen fa xi yan ying .shi shi zhi xi zeng quan .rao qu a xi bei ci .zao wo che xi nan duan .ye xuan huang xi na zhi .chong zhong zhen xi mi jian .li jiu gong xi bian guan .du mi cang xi bao zhen .jiu chuan shuo xi qi long .yu zhi nv xi he hun .ju tian bi xi yan xie .gou tian hu xi she jian .sui zhen ren xi ao xiang .shi yuan qi xi chang cun .wang tai wei xi mu mu .ni san jie xi bing fen .xiang fu zheng xi cheng hua .jian lie ye xi chui xun .mu pie pie xi xi mei .dao xia hui xi zu tan .zhi xu ji xi wei tong .chang chang wang xi zi lian .luan yue .tian ting ming xi yun ni cang .san guang lang xi jing wan fang .chi xi yi xi jin gui long .ce mou cong xi yi ji heng .pei ji qi xi hui tang gong .jie ying jun xi wei wei shuang .du yuan jing men wai .lai cong chu guo you .shan sui ping ye jin .jiang ru da huang liu .yue xia fei tian jing .yun sheng jie hai lou .reng lian gu xiang shui .wan li song xing zhou .

身已死亡啊精神永不死，您的魂魄啊为(wei)鬼中英雄！
⑤无因：没有(you)法子。你没看见拼杀在沙场战斗多惨苦，现在还在思念有勇有谋的李将军。
⑻鸿儒（hóng rú）：大儒，这里指博学的人。鸿：同“洪”，大。儒，旧指读书人。　　我回忆儿童时，可以张开眼睛看着太阳(yang)，能看清最细微的东西。我看见细小的东西，一定会(hui)去仔细地观察它的纹理，因此常有超出事物本身的乐趣。　　夏天蚊子发出雷鸣般的声响，我暗自把它们比作群鹤在空中飞舞，心里这么想，那成千成百的蚊子果然都变成仙鹤了(liao)；我抬着头看它们，脖颈都为此僵硬了。我又(you)将几只蚊子留在素帐中，用烟慢慢地喷它们，让它们冲着烟雾边飞边叫，我把它当做一幅青云白鹤的景观，果然像(xiang)仙鹤在青云中鸣叫，我为这景象(xiang)高兴地拍手叫好。　　我常在土墙高低不平的地方，在花台杂草丛生的地方，蹲下身子，使自己和花台相平，聚精会神地观察，把草丛当做树林，把虫子、蚂蚁当做野兽，把土块凸出部分当做山丘，凹陷的部分当做山谷，我在其中游玩，觉得非常安闲舒适。　　有一天，我看见两只小虫在草间相斗，蹲下来观察它们，兴趣正浓厚，忽然有个极大的家伙，掀翻山压倒树而来了，原来是一只癞蛤蟆，舌头一吐，两只虫子全被它吃掉了。我那时年纪很小，正看得出神，不禁‘呀(ya)’的一声惊叫起来。待到神情安定下来，捉住癞蛤蟆，鞭打了几十下，把它驱赶到别的院子里去了。
⑿纪：经营。这两句语意一转，认为与友人谈心固(gu)然好，但应当自食其力，努力耕作必有收获。魂魄归来吧！
③"故人稀""徒自老"表达了词人的无奈、感叹年华易逝，韶华不在。比干有何悖逆之处，为何遭受压制打击？
③纾：消除、抒发。

　　①运用多种多样的修辞方法生动形象地表现人物的心理
　　善用衬托（或映衬、陪衬）：因有梅花的陪衬，窗前月才别有一番韵味，不仅是嗅觉，视觉上也使人大觉不相同。 　
　　善于选取典型生动的故事情节来刻画人物形象，是本文的一大特点。它并没有全面地叙写苏秦的一生，而是选取赴秦受挫、发愤读书、游说赵王、位极人臣以及家人前倨后卑几个典型情节，构成大悲大喜、冷热悬殊的曲折故事，描绘这位著名纵横家的独特经历与个性。
　　第一首是一首艳情诗。诗中写女主人思念远别的情郎，有好景不常在之恨。“梦为远别”为一篇眼目。全诗就是围绕“梦”来写离别之恨。但它并没有按远别——思念——入梦——梦醒的顺序来写。而是先从梦醒时情景写起，然后将梦中与梦后、实境与幻觉来柔合在一起，创造出疑梦疑真、亦梦亦真的艺术境界，最后才点明蓬山万重的阻隔之恨，与首句遥相呼应。这样的艺术构思，曲折宕荡，有力地突出爱情阻隔的主题和梦幻式的心理氛围，使全诗充满迷离恍惚的情怀。
　　“捐世”以下八句一气流走，自然涌出。诗中说，主人不待年老即弃世而去，因而对我的恩惠未能到头。想来一死尚可忍受，而今后无穷的生涯怎样度过？偌大的世界，却容不得主人公微弱的一身，于是发出了最后的心声：“死者如有知，杀身以相从。”语气坚定，如铮铮誓言。此八句层层相绾，语意畅达，纯自肺腑中流出，读来不觉其浅率，唯感其真诚。
　　全诗感情饱满奔放，语言流畅自然，极富回环错综之美。诗人由酒写到月，又从月归到酒，用行云流水般的抒情方式，将明月与人生反复对照，在时间和空间的主观感受中，表达了对宇宙和人生哲理的深层思索。其立意上承屈原的《天问》，下启苏轼的《水调歌头·明月几时有》。情理并茂，富有很强的艺术感染力。
　　记得作者在“万户千门成野草”（《台城》）的诗句中，就曾用“野草”象征衰败。现在，在这首诗中，这样突出“野草花”，不正是表明，昔日车水马龙的朱雀桥，今天已经荒凉冷落了吗！