柳如眉，云似发，鲛绡雾縠笼香雪。梦魂惊，钟漏歇，窗外晓莺残月。几多情，无处说，落花飞絮清明节。少年郎，容易别，一去音书断绝。病态如衰弱，厌厌向五年。（以下《律髓注》）草色青青柳色黄，桃花历乱李花香。东风不为吹愁去，春日偏能惹恨长。红粉当垆弱柳垂，金花腊酒解酴醿。笙歌日暮能留客，醉杀长安轻薄儿。红线毯，择茧缲丝清水煮，拣丝练线红蓝染。 染为红线红于蓝，织作披香殿上毯。披香殿广十丈馀，红线织成可殿铺。彩丝茸茸香拂拂，线软花虚不胜物。美人蹋上歌舞来，罗袜绣鞋随步没。太原毯涩毳缕硬，蜀都褥薄锦花冷，不如此毯温且柔，年年十月来宣州。宣城太守加样织，自谓为臣能竭力。百夫同担进宫中，线厚丝多卷不得。宣城太守知不知，一丈毯，千两丝。地不知寒人要暖，少夺人衣作地衣。臣窃惟事势，可为痛哭者一，可为流涕者二，可为长太息者六，若其它背理而伤道者，难遍以疏举。进言者皆曰天下已安已治矣，臣独以为未也。曰安且治者，非愚则谀，皆非事实知治乱之体者也。夫抱火厝之积薪之下而寝其上，火未及燃，因谓之安，方今之势，何以异此！本末舛逆，首尾衡决，国制抢攘，非甚有纪，胡可谓治！陛下何不一令臣得熟数之于前，因陈治安之策，试详择焉！夫射猎之娱，与安危之机孰急？使为治劳智虑，苦身体，乏钟鼓之乐，勿为可也。乐与今同，而加之诸侯轨道，兵革不动，民保首领，匈叙宾服，四荒乡风，百姓素朴，狱讼衰息。大数既得，则天下顺治，海内之气，清和咸理，生为明帝，没为明神，名誉之美，垂于无穷。《礼》祖有功而宗有德，使顾成之庙称为太宗，上配太祖，与汉亡极。建久安之势，成长治之业，以承祖庙，以奉六亲，至孝也；以幸天下，以育群生，至仁也；立经陈纪，轻重同得，后可以为万世法程，虽有愚幼不肖之嗣，犹得蒙业而安，至明也。以陛下之明达，因使少知治体者得佐下风，致此非难也。其具可素陈于前，愿幸无忽。臣谨稽之天地，验之往古，按之当今之务，日夜念此至孰也，虽使禹舜复生，为陛下计，亡以易此。夫树国固，必相疑之势也，下数被其殃，上数爽其忧，甚非所以安上而全下也。今或亲弟谋为东帝，亲兄之子西乡而击，今吴又见告矣。天子春秋鼎盛，行义未过，德泽有加焉，犹尚如是，况莫大诸侯权力且十此者乎！然而天下少安，何也？大国之王幼弱未壮，汉之所置傅相方握其事。数年之后，诸侯之王大抵皆冠，血气方刚，汉之傅相称病而赐罢，彼自丞尉以上徧置私人，如此，有异淮南、济北之为邪？此时而欲为治安，虽尧舜不治。黄帝曰：“日中必熭，操刀必割。”今令此道顺，而全安甚易；不肯早为，已乃堕骨肉之属而抗刭之，岂有异秦之季世乎！夫以天子之位，乘今之时，因天之助，尚惮以危为安，以乱为治，假设陛下居齐桓之处，将不合诸侯而匡天下乎？臣又以知陛下有所必不能矣。假设天下如曩时，淮阴侯尚王楚，黥布王淮南，彭越王梁，韩信王韩，张敖王赵，贯高为相，卢绾王燕，陈狶在代，令此六七公者皆亡恙，当是时而陛下即天子位，能自安乎？臣有以知陛下之不能也。天下肴乱，高皇帝与诸公倂起，非有仄室之势以豫席之也。诸公幸者乃为中涓，其次仅得舍人，材之不逮至远也。高皇帝以明圣威武即天子位，割膏腴之地以王诸公，多者百余城，少者乃三四十县，德至渥也，然其后十年之间，反者九起。陛下之与诸公，非亲角材而臣之也，又非身封王之也，自高皇帝不能以是一岁为安，故臣知陛下之不能也。然尚有可诿者，曰疏。臣请试言其亲者。假令悼惠王王齐，元王王楚，中子王赵，幽王王淮阳，共王王梁，灵王王燕，厉王王淮南，六七贵人皆亡恙，当是时陛下即位，能为治乎？臣又知陛下之不能也。若此诸王，虽名为臣，实皆有布衣昆弟之心，虑无不帝制而天子自为者。擅爵人，赦死罪，甚者或戴黄屋，汉法令非行也。虽行不轨如厉王者，令之不肯听，召之安可致乎！幸而来至，法安可得加！动一亲戚，天下圜视而起，陛下之臣虽有悍如冯敬者，适启其口，匕首已陷其胸矣。陛下虽贤，谁与领此？故疏者必危，亲者必乱，已然之效也。其异姓负强而动者，汉已幸胜之矣，又不易其所以然。同姓袭是迹而动，既有徵矣，其势尽又复然。殃祸之变未知所移，明帝处之尚不能以安，后世将如之何！屠牛坦一朝解十二牛，而芒刃不顿者，所排击剥割，皆众理解也。至于髋髀之所，非斤则斧。夫仁义恩厚，人主之芒刃也；权势法制，人主之斤斧也。今诸侯王皆众髋髀也，释斤斧之用，而欲婴以芒刃，臣以为不缺则折。胡不用之淮南、济北？势不可也。臣窃迹前事，大抵强者先反，淮阴王楚最强，则最先反；韩信倚胡，则又反；贯高因赵资，则又反；陈狶兵精，则又反；彭越用梁，则又反；黥布用淮南，则又反；卢绾最弱，最后反。长沙乃在二万五千户耳，功少而最完，势疏而最忠，非独性异人也，亦形势然也。曩令樊、郦、绛、灌据数十城而王，今虽以残亡可也；令信、越之伦列为彻侯而居，虽至今存可也。然则天下之大计可知已。欲诸王之皆忠附，则莫若令如长沙王，欲臣子之勿菹醢，则莫若令如樊郦等；欲天下之治安，莫若众建诸侯而少其力。力少则易使以义，国小则亡邪心。令海内之势如身之使臂，臂之使指，莫不制从。诸侯之君不敢有异心，辐凑并进而归命天子，虽在细民，且知其安，故天下咸知陛下之明。割地定制，令齐、赵、楚各为若干国，使悼惠王、幽王、元王之子孙毕以次各受祖之分地，地尽而止，及燕、梁它国皆然。其分地众而子孙少者，建以为国，空而置之，须其子孙生者，举使君之。诸侯之地其削颇入汉者，为徙其侯国，及封其子孙也，所以数偿之；一寸之地，一人之众，天子亡所利焉，诚以定治而已，故天下咸知陛下之廉。地制壹定，宗室子孙莫虑不王，下无倍畔之心，上无诛伐之志，故天下咸知陛下之仁。法立而不犯，令行而不逆，贯高、利几之谋不生，柴奇、开章不计不萌，细民乡善，大臣致顺，故天下咸知陛下之义。卧赤子天下之上而安，植遗腹，朝委裘，而天下不乱。当时大治，后世诵圣。壹动而五业附，陛下谁惮而久不为此？天下之势方病大瘇。一胫之大几如要，一指之大几如股，平居不可屈信，一二指搐，身虑亡聊。失今不治，必为锢疾，后虽有扁鹊，不能为已。病非徒瘇也，又苦跖戾。元王之子，帝之从弟也，今之王者，从弟之子也。惠王之子，亲兄子也；今之王者，兄子之子也。亲者或亡分地以安天下，疏者或制大权以逼天子，臣故曰非徒病瘇也，又苦跖戾。可痛哭者，此病是也。天下之势方倒县。凡天子者，天下之首，何也？上也。蛮夷者，天下之足，何也？下也。今匈奴嫚娒侵掠，至不敬也，为天下患，至亡已也，而汉岁金絮采缯以奉之。夷狄征令，是主上之操也；天子共贡，是臣下之礼也。足反居上，首顾居下，倒县如此，莫之能解，犹为国有人乎？非亶倒县而已，又类辟，且病痱。夫辟者一面病，痱者一方痛。今西边北边之郡，虽有长爵不轻得复，五尺以上不轻得息，斥候望烽燧不得卧，将吏被介胄而睡，臣故曰一方病矣。医能治之，而上不使，可为流涕者此也。陛下何忍以帝皇之号为戎人诸侯，势既卑辱，而祸不息，长此安穷！进谋者率以为是，固不可解也，亡具甚矣。臣窃料匈奴之众不过汉一大县，以天下之大困于一县之众，甚为执事者羞之。陛下何不试以臣为属国之官以主匈奴？行臣之计，请必系单于之颈而制其命，伏中行说而笞其背，举匈奴之众唯上之令。今不猎勐敌而猎田彘，不搏反寇而搏畜菟，玩细娱而不图大患，非所以为安也。德可远施，威可远加，而直数百里外威令不信，可为流涕者此也。今民卖僮者，为之绣衣丝履偏诸缘，内之闲中，是古天子后服，所以庙而不宴者也，而庶人得以衣婢妾。白縠之表，薄纨之里， 以偏诸，美者黼绣，是古天子之服，今富人大贾嘉会召客者以被墙。古者以奉一帝一后而节适，今庶人屋壁得为帝服，倡优下贱得为后饰，然而天下不屈者，殆未有也。且帝之身自衣皁绨，而富民墙屋被文绣；天子之后以缘其领，庶人孽妾缘其履：此臣所谓舛也。夫百人作之不能衣一人，欲天下亡寒，胡可得也？一人耕之，十人聚而食之，欲天下亡饥，不可得也。饥寒切于民之肌肤，欲其亡为奸邪，不可得也。国已屈矣，盗贼直须时耳，然而献计者曰“毋动”，为大耳。夫俗至大不敬也，至亡等也，至冒上也，进计者犹曰“毋为”，可为长太息者此也。商君遗礼义，弃仁恩，并心于进取。行之二岁，秦俗日败。故秦人家富子壮则出分，家贫子壮则出赘。借父耰鉏，虑有德色；母取箕帚，立而谇语。抱哺其于，与公并倨；妇姑不相说，则反唇而相稽。其慈子耆利，不同禽兽者亡几耳。然并心而赴时犹曰蹶六国，兼天下。功成求得矣，终不知反廉愧之节，仁义之厚。信并兼之法，遂进取之业，天下大败，众掩寡，智欺愚，勇威怯，壮陵衰，其乱至矣，是以大贤起之，威震海内，德从天下。曩之为秦者，今转而为汉矣。然其遗风余俗，犹尚未改。今世以侈靡相竞，而上亡制度，弃礼谊，捐廉耻日甚，可谓月异而岁不同矣。逐利不耳，虑非顾行也，今其甚者杀父兄矣。盗者剟寝户之帘，搴两庙之器，白昼大都之中剽吏而夺之金。矫伪者出几十万石粟，赋六百余万钱，乘传而行郡国，此其亡行义之尤至者也。而大臣特以簿书不报，期会之间，以为大故。至于俗流失，世坏败，因恬而不知怪，虑不动于耳目，以为是适然耳。夫移风易俗，使天下回心而乡道，类非俗吏之所能为也。俗吏之所务，在于刀笔筐箧，而不知大体。陛下又不自忧，窃为陛下惜之。夫立君臣，等上下，使父子有礼，六亲有纪，此非天之所为，人之所设也。夫人之所设，不为不立，不植则僵，不修则坏。《管子》曰：“礼义廉耻，是谓四维；四维不张，国乃灭亡。”使管子愚人也则可，管子而少知治体，则是岂可不为寒心哉！秦灭四维而不张，故君臣乖乱，六亲殃戮，奸人并起，万民离叛，凡十三岁，而社稷为虚。今四维犹未备也，故奸人几幸，而众心疑惑。岂如今定经制，令君君臣臣，上下有差，父子六亲各得其宜，奸人亡所几幸，而群臣众信，是不疑惑！此业一定，世世常安，而后有所持循矣。若夫经制不定，是犹度江河亡维楫，中流而遇风波，舩必覆矣。可为长太息者此也。夏为天子，十有余世，而殷受之。殷为天子，二十余世，而周受之。周为天子，三十余世，而秦受之。秦为天子，二世而亡。人性不甚相远也，何三代之君有道之长，而秦无道之暴也？其故可知也。古之王者，太子乃生，固举以礼，使士负之，有司齐肃端冕，见之南郊，见于天也。过阙则下，过庙则趋，孝子之道也。故自为赤子而教固已行矣。昔者成王幼在襁抱之中，召公为太保，周公为太傅，太公为太师。保，保其身体；傅，传之德义；师，道之教训：此三公之职也。于是为置三少，皆上大夫也，曰少保、少傅、少师，是与太子宴者也。故乃孩子提有识，三公、三少固明孝仁礼义以道习之，逐去邪人，不使见恶行。于是皆选天下之端士孝悌博闻有道术者以卫翼之，使与太子居处出入。故太子乃生而见正事，闻正言，行正道，左右前后皆正人也。夫习与正人居之，不能毋正，犹生长于齐不能不齐言也；习与不正人居之，不能毋不正，犹生长于楚之地不能不楚言也。故择其所耆，必先受业，乃得尝之；择其所乐，必先有习，乃得为之。孔子曰：“少成若天性，习贯如自然。”及太子少长，知妃色，则入于学。学者，所学之官也。《学礼》曰：“帝入东学，上亲而贵仁，则亲疏有序而恩相及矣；帝入南学，上齿而贵信，则长幼有差而民不诬矣；帝入西学，上贤而贵德，则圣智在位而功不遗矣；帝入北学，上贵而尊爵，则贵贱有等而下不 矣；帝入太学，承师问道，退习而考于太傅，太傅罚其不则而匡其不及，则德智长而治道得矣。此五学者既成于上，则百姓黎民化辑于下矣。”及太于既冠成人，免于保傅之严，则有记过之史，彻膳之宰，进善之旌，诽谤之木，敢谏之鼓。瞽史诵诗，工诵箴谏，大夫进谋，士传民语。习与智长，故切而不媿；化与心成，故中道若性。三代之礼：春朝朝日，秋暮夕月，所以明有敬也；春秋入学，坐国老，执酱而亲馈之，所以明有孝也；行以鸾和，步中《采齐》，趣中《肆夏》，所以明有度也；其于禽兽，见其生不食其死，闻其声不食其肉，故远庖厨，所以长恩，且明有仁也。夫三代之所以长久者，以其辅翼太子有此具也。及秦而不然。其俗固非贵辞让也，所上者告讦也；固非贵礼义也，所上者刑罚也。使赵高傅胡亥而教之狱，所习者非斩劓人，则夷人之三族也。故胡亥今日即位而明日射人，忠谏者谓之诽谤，深计者谓之妖言，其视杀人若艾草菅然。岂惟胡亥之性恶哉？彼其所以道之者非其理故也。鄙谚曰：“不习为吏，视已成事。”又曰：“前车覆，后车诫。”夫三代之所以长久者，其已事可知也；然而不能从者，是不法圣智也。秦世之所以亟绝者，其辙迹可见也；然而不避，是后车又将覆也。夫存亡之变，治乱之机，其要在是矣。天下之命，县于太子；太子之善，在于早谕教与选左右。夫心未滥而先谕教，则化易成也；开于道术智谊之指，则教之力也。若其服习积贯，则左右而已。夫胡、粤之人，生而同声，耆欲不异，及其长而成俗，累数译而不能相通，行者有虽死而不相为者，则教习然也。臣故曰选左右早谕教最急。夫教得而左右正，则太子正矣，太子正而天下定矣。《书》曰：“一人有庆，兆民赖之。”此时务也。凡人之智，能见已然，不能见将然。夫礼者禁于将然之前，而法者禁于己然之后，是故法之所用易见，而礼之所为生难知也。若夫庆赏以劝善，刑罚以惩恶，先王执此之政，坚如金石，行此之令，信如四时，据此之公，无私如天地耳，岂顾不用哉？然而曰礼云礼云者，贵绝恶于未萌，而起教于微眇，使民日迁善远罪而不自知也。孔于曰：“听讼，吾犹人也，必也使毋讼乎！”为人主计者，莫如先审取舍，取舍之极定于内，而安危之萌应于外矣。安者非一日而安也，危者非一日而危也，皆以积渐然，不可不察也。人主之所积，在其取舍，以礼义治之者，积礼义；以刑罚治之者，积刑罚。刑罚积而民怨背，札义积而民和亲。故世主欲民之善同，而所以使民善者或异。或道之以德教，或殴之以法令。道之以德教者，德教洽而民气乐；殴之以法令者，法令极而民风哀。哀乐之感，祸福之应也。秦王之欲尊宗庙而安子孙，与汤武同，然而汤武广大其德行，六七百岁而弗失，秦王治天下，十余岁则大败。此亡它故矣，汤武之定取舍审而秦王之定取舍不审矣。夫天下，大器也。今人之置器，置诸安处则安，置诸危处则危。天下之情与器亡以异，在天子之所置之。汤武置天下于仁义礼乐，而德泽洽，禽兽草木广裕，德被蛮貊四夷，累子孙数十世，此天下所共闻也。秦王置天下于法令刑罚，德泽亡一有，而怨毒盈于世，下憎恶之如仇，祸几及身，子孙诛绝，此天下之所共见也。是非其明效大验邪！人之言曰：“听言之道，必以其事观之，则言者莫敢妄言。”今或言礼谊之不如法令，教化之不如刑罚，人主胡不引殷、周、秦事以观之也？人主之尊譬如堂，群臣如陛，众庶如地。故陛九级上，廉远地，则堂高；陛亡级，廉近地，则堂卑。高者难攀，卑者易陵，理势然也。故古者圣王制为等列，内有公卿大夫士，外有公侯伯子男，然后有官师小吏，延及庶人，等级分明，而天子加焉，故其尊不可及也。里谚曰：“欲投鼠而忌器。”此善谕也。鼠近于器，尚惮不投，恐伤其器，况于贵臣之近主乎！廉耻节礼以治君子，故有赐死而亡戮辱。是以黥劓之罪不及太夫，以其离主上不远也，礼不敢齿君之路马，蹴其刍者有罚；见君之几杖则起，遭君之乘车则下，入正门则趋；君之宠臣虽或有过，刑戮之罪不加其身者，尊君之故也。此所以为主上豫远不敬也，所以体貌大臣而厉其节也。今自王侯三公之贵，皆天子之所改容而礼之也，古天子之所谓伯父、伯舅也，而令与众庶同黥劓 刖笞 弃市之法，然则堂不亡陛乎？被戮辱者不泰迫乎？廉耻不行，大臣无乃握重权，大官而有徒隶亡耻之心乎？夫望夷之事，二世见当以重法者，投鼠而不忌器之习也。臣闻之，履虽鲜不加于枕，冠虽敝不以苴履。夫尝已在贵宠之位，天子改容而体貌之矣，吏民尝俯伏以敬畏之矣，今而有过，帝令废之可也，退之可也，赐之死可也，灭之可也；若夫束缚之，系緤之，输之司寇，编之徒官，司寇小吏詈骂而榜笞之，殆非所以令众庶见也。夫卑贱者习知尊贵者之一旦，吾亦乃可以加此也，非所以习天下也，非尊尊贵贵之化也。夫天子之所尝敬，众庶之所尝宠，死而死耳，贱人安宜得如此而顿辱之哉！豫让事中行之君，智伯伐而灭之，移事智伯。及赵灭智伯，豫让衅面吞炭，必报襄子，五起而不中。人问豫子，豫子曰：“中行众人畜我，我故众人事之；智伯国士遇我，我故国士报之。”故此一豫让也，反君事仇，行若狗彘，已而抗节致忠，行出乎列士，人主使然也。故主上遇其大臣如遇犬马，彼将犬马自为也；如遇官徒，彼将官徒自为也。顽顿亡耻， 诟亡节，廉耻不立，且不自好，苟若而可，故见利则逝，见便则夺。主上有败，则因而挺之矣；主上有患，则吾苟免而已，立而观之耳；有便吾身者，则欺卖而利之耳。人主将何便于此？群下至众，而主上至少也，所托财器职业者粹于群下也。俱亡耻，俱苟妄，则主上最病。故古者礼不及庶人，刑不至大夫，所以厉宠臣之节也。古者大臣有坐不廉而废者，不谓不廉，曰“簠簋不饰”；坐污秽淫乱男女亡别者，不曰污秽，曰“帷薄不修”，坐罢软不胜任者，不谓罢软，曰“下官不职”。故贵大臣定有其罪矣，犹未斥然正以唿之也，尚迁就而为之讳也。故其在大谴大何之域者，闻谴何则白冠 缨，盘水加剑，造请室而请罪耳，上不执缚系引而行也。其有中罪者，闻命而自弛，上不使人颈 而加也。其有大罪者，闻命则北面再拜，跌而自裁，上不使捽抑而刑之也，曰：“子大夫自有过耳！吾遇子有礼矣。”遇之有礼，故群臣自憙；婴以廉耻，故人矜节行。上设廉礼义以遇其臣，而臣不以节行报其上者，则非人类也。故化成俗定，则为人臣者主耳忘身，国耳忘家，公耳忘私，利不苟就，害不苟去，唯义所在。上之化也，故父兄之臣诚死宗庙，法度之臣诚死社稷，辅翼之臣诚死君上，守圄扞敌之臣诚死城郭封疆。故曰圣人有金城者，比物此志也。彼且为我死，故吾得与之俱生；彼且为我亡，故吾得与之俱存；夫将为我危，故吾得与之皆安。顾行而忘利，守节而仗义，故可以托不御之权，可以寄六尺之孤。此厉廉耻行礼谊之所致也，主上何丧焉！此之不为，而顾彼之久行，故曰可为长太息者此也。试说途中景，方知别后心。行人日暮少，风雪乱山深。薄雾浓云愁永昼，瑞脑销金兽。佳节又重阳，玉枕纱橱，半夜凉初透。(橱 通：厨；销金兽 一作：消金兽)东篱把酒黄昏后，有暗香盈袖。莫道不销魂，帘卷西风，人比黄花瘦。(人比 一作：人似)腾绛霄兮垂景祜，翘丹恳兮荷休征。邹容吾小弟，被发下瀛州。快剪刀除辫，干牛肉作糇。英雄一入狱，天地亦悲秋。临命须掺手，干坤只两头！手推呕哑车，朝朝暮暮耕。未曾分得谷，空得老农名。雪云乍变春云簇，渐觉年华堪纵目。北枝梅蕊犯寒开，南浦波纹如酒绿。芳菲次第长相续，自是情多无处足。尊前百计见春归，莫为伤春眉黛蹙。化逸王表，神凝帝先。乘云厌俗，驭日登玄。

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zhi .zi wei wei chen neng jie li .bai fu tong dan jin gong zhong .xian hou si duo juan bu de .xuan cheng tai shou zhi bu zhi .yi zhang tan .qian liang si .di bu zhi han ren yao nuan .shao duo ren yi zuo di yi .chen qie wei shi shi .ke wei tong ku zhe yi .ke wei liu ti zhe er .ke wei chang tai xi zhe liu .ruo qi ta bei li er shang dao zhe .nan bian yi shu ju .jin yan zhe jie yue tian xia yi an yi zhi yi .chen du yi wei wei ye .yue an qie zhi zhe .fei yu ze yu .jie fei shi shi zhi zhi luan zhi ti zhe ye .fu bao huo cuo zhi ji xin zhi xia er qin qi shang .huo wei ji ran .yin wei zhi an .fang jin zhi shi .he yi yi ci .ben mo chuan ni .shou wei heng jue .guo zhi qiang rang .fei shen you ji .hu ke wei zhi .bi xia he bu yi ling chen de shu shu zhi yu qian .yin chen zhi an zhi ce .shi xiang ze yan .fu she lie zhi yu .yu an wei zhi ji shu ji .shi wei zhi lao zhi lv .ku shen ti .fa zhong gu zhi le .wu wei ke ye .le yu jin tong .er jia zhi zhu hou gui dao .bing ge bu dong .min bao shou ling .xiong xu bin fu .si huang xiang feng .bai xing su pu .yu song shuai xi .da shu ji de .ze tian xia shun zhi .hai nei zhi qi .qing he xian li .sheng wei ming di .mei wei ming shen .ming yu zhi mei .chui yu wu qiong ..li .zu you gong er zong you de .shi gu cheng zhi miao cheng wei tai zong .shang pei tai zu .yu han wang ji .jian jiu an zhi shi .cheng chang zhi zhi ye .yi cheng zu miao .yi feng liu qin .zhi xiao ye .yi xing tian xia .yi yu qun sheng .zhi ren ye .li jing chen ji .qing zhong tong de .hou ke yi wei wan shi fa cheng .sui you yu you bu xiao zhi si .you de meng ye er an .zhi ming ye .yi bi xia zhi ming da .yin shi shao zhi zhi ti zhe de zuo xia feng .zhi ci fei nan ye .qi ju ke su chen yu qian .yuan xing wu hu .chen jin ji zhi tian di .yan zhi wang gu .an zhi dang jin zhi wu .ri ye nian ci zhi shu ye .sui shi yu shun fu sheng .wei bi xia ji .wang yi yi ci .fu shu guo gu .bi xiang yi zhi shi ye .xia shu bei qi yang .shang shu shuang qi you .shen fei suo yi an shang er quan xia ye .jin huo qin di mou wei dong di .qin xiong zhi zi xi xiang er ji .jin wu you jian gao yi .tian zi chun qiu ding sheng .xing yi wei guo .de ze you jia yan .you shang ru shi .kuang mo da zhu hou quan li qie shi ci zhe hu .ran er tian xia shao an .he ye .da guo zhi wang you ruo wei zhuang .han zhi suo zhi fu xiang fang wo qi shi .shu nian zhi hou .zhu hou zhi wang da di jie guan .xue qi fang gang .han zhi fu xiang cheng bing er ci ba .bi zi cheng wei yi shang bian zhi si ren .ru ci .you yi huai nan .ji bei zhi wei xie .ci shi er yu wei zhi an .sui yao shun bu zhi .huang di yue ..ri zhong bi wei .cao dao bi ge ..jin ling ci dao shun .er quan an shen yi .bu ken zao wei .yi nai duo gu rou zhi shu er kang jing zhi .qi you yi qin zhi ji shi hu .fu yi tian zi zhi wei .cheng jin zhi shi .yin tian zhi zhu .shang dan yi wei wei an .yi luan wei zhi .jia she bi xia ju qi huan zhi chu .jiang bu he zhu hou er kuang tian xia hu .chen you yi zhi bi xia you suo bi bu neng yi .jia she tian xia ru nang shi .huai yin hou shang wang chu .qing bu wang huai nan .peng yue wang liang .han xin wang han .zhang ao wang zhao .guan gao wei xiang .lu wan wang yan .chen xi zai dai .ling ci liu qi gong zhe jie wang yang .dang shi shi er bi xia ji tian zi wei .neng zi an hu .chen you yi zhi bi xia zhi bu neng ye .tian xia yao luan .gao huang di yu zhu gong bing qi .fei you ze shi zhi shi yi yu xi zhi ye .zhu gong xing zhe nai wei zhong juan .qi ci jin de she ren .cai zhi bu dai zhi yuan ye .gao huang di yi ming sheng wei wu ji tian zi wei .ge gao yu zhi di yi wang zhu gong .duo zhe bai yu cheng .shao zhe nai san si shi xian .de zhi wo ye .ran qi hou shi nian zhi jian .fan zhe jiu qi .bi xia zhi yu zhu gong .fei qin jiao cai er chen zhi ye .you fei shen feng wang zhi ye .zi gao huang di bu neng yi shi yi sui wei an .gu chen zhi bi xia zhi bu neng ye .ran shang you ke wei zhe .yue shu .chen qing shi yan qi qin zhe .jia ling dao hui wang wang qi .yuan wang wang chu .zhong zi wang zhao .you wang wang huai yang .gong wang wang liang .ling wang wang yan .li wang wang huai nan .liu qi gui ren jie wang yang .dang shi shi bi xia ji wei .neng wei zhi hu .chen you zhi bi xia zhi bu neng ye .ruo ci zhu wang .sui ming wei chen .shi jie you bu yi kun di zhi xin .lv wu bu di zhi er tian zi zi wei zhe .shan jue ren .she si zui .shen zhe huo dai huang wu .han fa ling fei xing ye .sui xing bu gui ru li wang zhe .ling zhi bu ken ting .zhao zhi an ke zhi hu .xing er lai zhi .fa an ke de jia .dong yi qin qi .tian xia yuan shi er qi .bi xia zhi chen sui you han ru feng jing zhe .shi qi qi kou .bi shou yi xian qi xiong yi .bi xia sui xian .shui yu ling ci .gu shu zhe bi wei .qin zhe bi luan .yi ran zhi xiao ye .qi yi xing fu qiang er dong zhe .han yi xing sheng zhi yi .you bu yi qi suo yi ran .tong xing xi shi ji er dong .ji you zheng yi .qi shi jin you fu ran .yang huo zhi bian wei zhi suo yi .ming di chu zhi shang bu neng yi an .hou shi jiang ru zhi he .tu niu tan yi chao jie shi er niu .er mang 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zhi .bi xia he bu shi yi chen wei shu guo zhi guan yi zhu xiong nu .xing chen zhi ji .qing bi xi dan yu zhi jing er zhi qi ming .fu zhong xing shuo er chi qi bei .ju xiong nu zhi zhong wei shang zhi ling .jin bu lie meng di er lie tian zhi .bu bo fan kou er bo xu tu .wan xi yu er bu tu da huan .fei suo yi wei an ye .de ke yuan shi .wei ke yuan jia .er zhi shu bai li wai wei ling bu xin .ke wei liu ti zhe ci ye .jin min mai tong zhe .wei zhi xiu yi si lv pian zhu yuan .nei zhi xian zhong .shi gu tian zi hou fu .suo yi miao er bu yan zhe ye .er shu ren de yi yi bi qie .bai hu zhi biao .bao wan zhi li . yi pian zhu .mei zhe fu xiu .shi gu tian zi zhi fu .jin fu ren da jia jia hui zhao ke zhe yi bei qiang .gu zhe yi feng yi di yi hou er jie shi .jin shu ren wu bi de wei di fu .chang you xia jian de wei hou shi .ran er tian xia bu qu zhe .dai wei you ye .qie di zhi shen zi yi zao ti .er fu min qiang wu bei wen xiu .tian zi zhi hou yi yuan qi ling .shu ren nie qie yuan qi lv .ci chen suo wei 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yan .qi shi sha ren ruo ai cao jian ran .qi wei hu hai zhi xing e zai .bi qi suo yi dao zhi zhe fei qi li gu ye .bi yan yue ..bu xi wei li .shi yi cheng shi ..you yue ..qian che fu .hou che jie ..fu san dai zhi suo yi chang jiu zhe .qi yi shi ke zhi ye .ran er bu neng cong zhe .shi bu fa sheng zhi ye .qin shi zhi suo yi ji jue zhe .qi zhe ji ke jian ye .ran er bu bi .shi hou che you jiang fu ye .fu cun wang zhi bian .zhi luan zhi ji .qi yao zai shi yi .tian xia zhi ming .xian yu tai zi .tai zi zhi shan .zai yu zao yu jiao yu xuan zuo you .fu xin wei lan er xian yu jiao .ze hua yi cheng ye .kai yu dao shu zhi yi zhi zhi .ze jiao zhi li ye .ruo qi fu xi ji guan .ze zuo you er yi .fu hu .yue zhi ren .sheng er tong sheng .qi yu bu yi .ji qi chang er cheng su .lei shu yi er bu neng xiang tong .xing zhe you sui si er bu xiang wei zhe .ze jiao xi ran ye .chen gu yue xuan zuo you zao yu jiao zui ji .fu jiao de er zuo you zheng .ze tai zi zheng yi .tai zi zheng er tian xia ding yi ..shu .yue ..yi ren you qing .zhao min lai zhi ..ci shi wu ye .fan ren zhi zhi .neng jian yi ran .bu neng jian jiang ran .fu li zhe jin yu jiang ran zhi qian .er fa zhe jin yu ji ran zhi hou .shi gu fa zhi suo yong yi jian .er li zhi suo wei sheng nan zhi ye .ruo fu qing shang yi quan shan .xing fa yi cheng e .xian wang zhi ci zhi zheng .jian ru jin shi .xing ci zhi ling .xin ru si shi .ju ci zhi gong .wu si ru tian di er .qi gu bu yong zai .ran er yue li yun li yun zhe .gui jue e yu wei meng .er qi jiao yu wei miao .shi min ri qian shan yuan zui er bu zi zhi ye .kong yu yue ..ting song .wu you ren ye .bi ye shi wu song hu ..wei ren zhu ji zhe .mo ru xian shen qu she .qu she zhi ji ding yu nei .er an wei zhi meng ying yu wai yi .an zhe fei yi ri er an ye .wei zhe fei yi ri er wei ye .jie yi ji jian ran .bu ke bu cha ye .ren zhu zhi suo ji .zai qi qu she .yi li yi zhi zhi zhe .ji li yi .yi xing fa zhi zhi zhe .ji xing fa .xing fa ji er min yuan bei .zha yi ji er min he qin .gu shi zhu yu min zhi shan tong .er suo yi shi min shan zhe huo yi .huo dao zhi yi de jiao .huo ou zhi yi fa ling .dao zhi yi de jiao zhe .de jiao qia er min qi le .ou zhi yi fa ling zhe .fa ling ji er min feng ai .ai le zhi gan .huo fu zhi ying ye .qin wang zhi yu zun zong miao er an zi sun .yu tang wu tong .ran er tang wu guang da qi de xing .liu qi bai sui er fu shi .qin wang zhi tian xia .shi yu sui ze da bai .ci wang ta gu yi .tang wu zhi ding qu she shen er qin wang zhi ding qu she bu shen yi .fu tian xia .da qi ye .jin ren zhi zhi qi .zhi zhu an chu ze an .zhi zhu wei chu ze wei .tian xia zhi qing yu qi wang yi yi .zai tian zi zhi suo zhi zhi .tang wu zhi tian xia yu ren yi li le .er de ze qia .qin shou cao mu guang yu .de bei man mo si yi .lei zi sun shu shi shi .ci tian xia suo gong wen ye .qin wang zhi tian xia yu fa ling xing fa .de ze wang yi you .er yuan du ying yu shi .xia zeng e zhi ru chou .huo ji ji shen .zi sun zhu jue .ci tian xia zhi suo gong jian ye .shi fei qi ming xiao da yan xie .ren zhi yan yue ..ting yan zhi dao .bi yi qi shi guan zhi .ze yan zhe mo gan wang yan ..jin huo yan li yi zhi bu ru fa ling .jiao hua zhi bu ru xing fa .ren zhu hu bu yin yin .zhou .qin shi yi guan zhi ye .ren zhu zhi zun pi ru tang .qun chen ru bi .zhong shu ru di .gu bi jiu ji shang .lian yuan di .ze tang gao .bi wang ji .lian jin di .ze tang bei .gao zhe nan pan .bei zhe yi ling .li shi ran ye .gu gu zhe sheng wang zhi wei deng lie .nei you gong qing da fu shi .wai you gong hou bo zi nan .ran hou you guan shi xiao li .yan ji shu ren .deng ji fen ming .er tian zi jia yan .gu qi zun bu ke ji ye .li yan yue ..yu tou shu er ji qi ..ci shan yu ye .shu jin yu qi .shang dan bu tou .kong shang qi qi .kuang yu gui chen zhi jin zhu hu .lian chi jie li yi zhi jun zi .gu you ci si er wang lu ru .shi yi qing yi zhi zui bu ji tai fu .yi qi li zhu shang bu yuan ye .li bu gan chi jun zhi lu ma .cu qi chu zhe you fa .jian jun zhi ji zhang ze qi .zao jun zhi cheng che ze xia .ru zheng men ze qu .jun zhi chong chen sui huo you guo .xing lu zhi zui bu jia qi shen zhe .zun jun zhi gu ye .ci suo yi wei zhu shang yu yuan bu jing ye .suo yi ti mao da chen er li qi jie ye .jin zi wang hou san gong zhi gui .jie tian zi zhi suo gai rong er li zhi ye .gu tian zi zhi suo wei bo fu .bo jiu ye .er ling yu zhong shu tong qing yi yue chi qi shi zhi fa .ran ze tang bu wang bi hu .bei lu ru zhe bu tai po hu .lian chi bu xing .da chen wu nai wo zhong quan .da guan er you tu li wang chi zhi xin hu .fu wang yi zhi shi .er shi jian dang yi zhong fa zhe .tou shu er bu ji qi zhi xi ye .chen wen zhi .lv sui xian bu jia yu zhen .guan sui bi bu yi ju lv .fu chang yi zai gui chong zhi wei .tian zi gai rong er ti mao zhi yi .li min chang fu fu yi jing wei zhi yi .jin er you guo .di ling fei zhi ke ye .tui zhi ke ye .ci zhi si ke ye .mie zhi ke ye .ruo fu shu fu zhi .xi xie zhi .shu zhi si kou .bian zhi tu guan .si kou xiao li li ma er bang chi zhi .dai fei suo yi ling zhong shu jian ye .fu bei jian zhe xi zhi zun gui zhe zhi yi dan .wu yi nai ke yi jia ci ye .fei suo yi xi tian xia ye .fei zun zun gui gui zhi hua ye .fu tian zi zhi suo chang jing .zhong shu zhi suo chang chong .si er si er .jian ren an yi de ru ci er dun ru zhi zai .yu rang shi zhong xing zhi jun .zhi bo fa er mie zhi .yi shi zhi bo .ji zhao mie zhi bo .yu rang xin mian tun tan .bi bao xiang zi .wu qi er bu zhong .ren wen yu zi .yu zi yue ..zhong xing zhong ren xu wo .wo gu zhong ren shi zhi .zhi bo guo shi yu wo .wo gu guo shi bao zhi ..gu ci yi yu rang ye .fan jun shi chou .xing ruo gou zhi .yi er kang jie zhi zhong .xing chu hu lie shi .ren zhu shi ran ye .gu zhu shang yu qi da chen ru yu quan ma .bi jiang quan ma zi wei ye .ru yu guan tu .bi jiang guan tu zi wei ye .wan dun wang chi . gou wang jie .lian chi bu li .qie bu zi hao .gou ruo er ke .gu jian li ze shi .jian bian ze duo .zhu shang you bai .ze yin er ting zhi yi .zhu shang you huan .ze wu gou mian er yi .li er guan zhi er .you bian wu shen zhe .ze qi mai er li zhi er .ren zhu jiang he bian yu ci .qun xia zhi zhong .er zhu shang zhi shao ye .suo tuo cai qi zhi ye zhe cui yu qun xia ye .ju wang chi .ju gou wang .ze zhu shang zui bing .gu gu zhe li bu ji shu ren .xing bu zhi da fu .suo yi li chong chen zhi jie ye .gu zhe da chen you zuo bu lian er fei zhe .bu wei bu lian .yue .fu gui bu shi ..zuo wu hui yin luan nan nv wang bie zhe .bu yue wu hui .yue .wei bao bu xiu ..zuo ba ruan bu sheng ren zhe .bu wei ba ruan .yue .xia guan bu zhi ..gu gui da chen ding you qi zui yi .you wei chi ran zheng yi hu zhi ye .shang qian jiu er wei zhi hui ye .gu qi zai da qian da he zhi yu zhe .wen qian he ze bai guan ying .pan shui jia jian .zao qing shi er qing zui er .shang bu zhi fu xi yin er xing ye .qi you zhong zui zhe .wen ming er zi chi .shang bu shi ren jing er jia ye .qi you da zui zhe .wen ming ze bei mian zai bai .die er zi cai .shang bu shi zuo yi er xing zhi ye .yue ..zi da fu zi you guo er .wu yu zi you li yi ..yu zhi you li .gu qun chen zi xi .ying yi lian chi .gu ren jin jie xing .shang she lian li yi yi yu qi chen .er chen bu yi jie xing bao qi shang zhe .ze fei ren lei ye .gu hua cheng su ding .ze wei ren chen zhe zhu er wang shen .guo er wang jia .gong er wang si .li bu gou jiu .hai bu gou qu .wei yi suo zai .shang zhi hua ye .gu fu xiong zhi chen cheng si zong miao .fa du zhi chen cheng si she ji .fu yi zhi chen cheng si jun shang .shou yu han di zhi chen cheng si cheng guo feng jiang .gu yue sheng ren you jin cheng zhe .bi wu ci zhi ye .bi qie wei wo si .gu wu de yu zhi ju sheng .bi qie wei wo wang .gu wu de yu zhi ju cun .fu jiang wei wo wei .gu wu de yu zhi jie an .gu xing er wang li .shou jie er zhang yi .gu ke yi tuo bu yu zhi quan .ke yi ji liu chi zhi gu .ci li lian chi xing li yi zhi suo zhi ye .zhu shang he sang yan .ci zhi bu wei .er gu bi zhi jiu xing .gu yue ke wei chang tai xi zhe ci ye .shi shuo tu zhong jing .fang zhi bie hou xin .xing ren ri mu shao .feng xue luan shan shen .bao wu nong yun chou yong zhou .rui nao xiao jin shou .jia jie you zhong yang .yu zhen sha chu .ban ye liang chu tou ..chu tong .chu .xiao jin shou yi zuo .xiao jin shou .dong li ba jiu huang hun hou .you an xiang ying xiu .mo dao bu xiao hun .lian juan xi feng .ren bi huang hua shou ..ren bi yi zuo .ren si .teng jiang xiao xi chui jing hu .qiao dan ken xi he xiu zheng .zou rong wu xiao di .bei fa xia ying zhou .kuai jian dao chu bian .gan niu rou zuo hou .ying xiong yi ru yu .tian di yi bei qiu .lin ming xu chan shou .gan kun zhi liang tou .shou tui ou ya che .chao chao mu mu geng .wei zeng fen de gu .kong de lao nong ming .xue yun zha bian chun yun cu .jian jue nian hua kan zong mu .bei zhi mei rui fan han kai .nan pu bo wen ru jiu lv .fang fei ci di chang xiang xu .zi shi qing duo wu chu zu .zun qian bai ji jian chun gui .mo wei shang chun mei dai cu .hua yi wang biao .shen ning di xian .cheng yun yan su .yu ri deng xuan .

　　广大辽阔的无边无际的旷野啊，极目远望看不到人影。河水弯曲得像带子一般，远处无数的山峰交错在一起。一片阴暗凄凉的景象：寒风悲啸，日色昏黄，飞蓬折断，野草枯萎，寒气凛冽犹如降霜的冬晨。鸟儿飞过也不肯落下，离群的野兽奔窜而过。亭长告诉我说：“这儿就是古代的战场，曾经全军覆没。每逢阴天就会听到有鬼哭的声音。真令人伤心啊！这是秦朝、汉朝，还是近代的事情呢？
（14）未尝——义同“未始(shi)”，这里不作“未曾”解。过——过失。空坛澄清疏松影落水底，小洞清幽细草芳香沁人。
[65]眷眷：依恋貌。款实：诚实。贫家的女儿不识绮罗的芳香，想托个良媒说亲更感到悲伤。
2.鯈（tiáo）鱼：一种淡水鱼中的银(yin)白色小鱼，喜欢在水层下面游动，长约16厘米，又名白鲦。往日勇猛，如今何以(yi)就流水落花。
（31）创化： 天地自然之功(gong)明灯错落，园林深处映射出璀璨的光芒，有如娇艳的花朵一般；由于四处都可通行，所以城门(men)的铁锁也打开了。
⑼语笑：谈笑。《南史·袁粲传》：“郡南一家颇有竹石，粲率尔步往，亦不通主人，直造竹所，啸咏自得。主人出，语笑款然。”衡(heng)门：横木为门。指简陋的房屋。《诗经·陈风·衡门》：“衡门之下，可以栖迟。”汉毛氏传：“衡门，横木为门，言浅陋也。栖迟，游息也。”　　梳洗完毕，独自一人登上望江楼，倚靠着楼柱凝望着滔滔江面。上千艘船过去了，所盼望的人都没有出现。太阳的余晖脉脉地洒在江面上，江水慢慢地流着，思念的柔肠萦绕在那片白蘋洲上。
③约：阻止，拦挡。征行逢此佳景，惊喜之情顿生。自觉春思渺然，赏心自得，其中佳趣，莫可言传。
11.汉阳：地名，现在湖北省武汉市汉阳区，与黄鹤楼隔江相望。

　　五、六两句写寻藕：“试牵绿茎下寻藕，断处丝多刺伤手。”“试牵”说明她们寻藕的目的只是想看一看藕长得多大了。因为此时的藕只是小嫩藕，还没有到扒藕的季节。绿茎上有刺，如果不小心就会刺伤手。因此，她们就慢慢地、小心翼翼地顺着绿茎向下摸藕，采莲子是那样飞快，寻藕却是如此缓慢，一快一慢，突出了她们寻藕的细致。这两句押“有”韵，为第二段，刻画寻藕的具体细节，表现出她们劳作的情景。节奏缓慢，给人以舒缓轻松的感受。
　　下面写匈奴利用草黄马肥的时机发动了进攻，“金山西见烟尘飞”中“烟尘飞”三字，形容报警的烽烟同匈奴铁骑卷起的尘土一起飞扬，既表现了匈奴军旅的气势，也说明了唐军早有戒备。下面，诗由造境转而写人，诗歌的主人公——顶风冒寒前进着的唐军将士出现了。诗人很善于抓住典型的环境和细节来描写唐军将士勇武无敌的飒爽英姿。如环境是夜间，“将军金甲夜不脱”，以夜不脱甲，写将军重任在肩，以身作则。“半夜军行戈相拨”写半夜行军，从“戈相拨”的细节可以想见夜晚一片漆黑，和大军衔枚疾走、军容整肃严明的情景。写边地的严寒，不写千丈之坚冰，而是通过几个细节来描写来表现的。“风头如刀面如割”，呼应前面风的描写；同时也是大漠行军最真切的感受。
　　《诗境浅说续编》云：“开元之勤政楼，在长庆时白乐天过之，已驻马徘徊，及杜牧重游，宜益见颓废。诗言问其名则空称佳节，求其物已无复珠囊，昔年壮丽金铺，经春雨年年，已苔花绣满矣。”金铺，是大门上的一种装饰物，常常做成兽头或龙头的形状，用以衔门环。用铜或镀金做的，叫金铺，用银做的叫银铺。紫苔是苔藓的一种，长在阴暗潮湿的地方。
　　这两句先是从点画来赞美怀素书法的刚劲有力。前一句是说怀素草书中的点，好像怪石正在向秋涧奔走。这一比喻形象奇特，但有由来。晋代卫夫人（笔阵图）说：点，要如“高峰坠石，磕磕然实如崩也”这里在“石”前加一“怪”字，就表明它不同一般，体现出怀素草书的“狂”的特色。在“怪石”与“秋涧”间着一“奔”字，充分表现了草书中“点”画在映带时那种迅疾有力的动势，十分形象生动。后一句是说怀素草书中竖和弧钩笔画，真像枯藤（即“寒藤”）挂在古松上，这个比喻从欧阳询来。欧阳询《八诀》说：竖，要如“万岁之枯藤”；弧钩，要如“劲松倒折，落挂石崖”。“藤”、“松”已有劲健意味，再用“寒”、“古”来形容，就更具苍劲感。两句中虽只点出点、竖和弧钩这些个别笔画，但却在怀素草书中具有代表性，其他笔画概可想见，那种中锋运笔时饱满、刚劲、浑厚的效果，鲜明地凸现出来。而且，这些“怪石奔秋涧，寒藤挂古松”的点画，构成了狂放、豪纵的整幅气度，无一字不飞动，无一字不活泼，体现了生动活泼的气韵。这是书法作品中很难达到的高妙境界。这屏风上生动的草书，激动着诗人的心，不禁萌发奇妙的想象。
　　这首诗的理趣主要体现在前四句上，“雪泥鸿爪”也作为一个成语被后世广泛传诵。但从写作手法上来看，也颇有特色。纪昀曾评道：“前四句单行入律，唐人旧格；而意境恣逸，则东坡之本色。”所谓“唐人旧格”，大致上指崔颢《黄鹤楼》：“昔人已乘黄鹤去，此地空余黄鹤楼。黄鹤一去不复返，白云千载空悠悠。……”作为七律，三、四两句本该对仗，此却一意直下，不作讲求。苏轼的“泥上”二句，也可算是对仗，但其文意承上直说，本身也带有承接关系，所以是“单行入律”。“意境恣逸”的意思，就是不仅字面上飘逸，行文中有气势，而且内涵丰富，耐人寻味，不求工而自工。这正是苏轼的“本色”。
　　六章言丹阳地形险要，风景如画。永王军队驻屯长江两岸，一直延伸至海边。这些都是想象或鼓励之辞，实际上李璘的军事势力最东只到丹阳。
　　头两句写凯旋大军抵达潼关的壮丽图景。“ 荆山”一名覆釜山，在今河南灵宝境内，与华山相距二百余里。华山在潼关西面，巍峨耸峙，俯瞰秦川，辽远无际；倾听黄河，波涛澎湃，景象异常壮阔。第一句从荆山写到华山，仿佛凯旋大军在旋踵间便跨过了广阔的地域，开笔极有气魄，为全诗定下了雄壮的基调。清人施补华说它简劲有力，足与杜甫“齐鲁青未了”的名句媲美，是并不过分的。对比一下作者稍前所作的同一主题的《过襄城》第一句“郾城辞罢辞襄城”，它与“荆山”句句式相似处是都使用了“句中排”（“郾城——襄城”；“荆山——华山”）重叠形式。然而“郾城”与“襄城”只是路过的两个地名而已；而“荆山”、“华山”却带有感情色彩，在凯旋者心目中，雄伟的山岳，仿佛也为他们的丰功伟绩所折服，争相奔来表示庆贺。拟人化的手法显得生动有致。相形之下，“郾城”一句就起得平平了。