魏公子无忌者，魏昭王少子而魏安釐王异母弟也。昭王薨，安釐王即位，封公子为信陵君。是时范睢亡魏相秦，以怨魏齐故，秦兵围大梁，破魏华阳下军，走芒卯。魏王及公子患之。公子为人仁而下士，士无贤不肖皆谦而礼交之，不敢以其富贵骄士。士以此方数千里争往归之，致食客三千人。当是时，诸侯以公子贤，多客，不敢加兵谋魏十馀年。公子与魏王博，而北境传举烽，言“赵寇至，且入界”。魏王释博，欲召大臣谋。公子止王曰：“赵王田猎耳，非为寇也。”复博如故。王恐，心不在博。居顷，复从北方来传言曰：“赵王猎耳，非为寇也。”魏王大惊，曰：“公子何以知之？”公子曰：“臣之客有能深得赵王阴事者，赵王所为，客辄以报臣，臣以此知之。”是后魏王畏公子之贤能，不敢任公子以国政。魏有隐士曰侯嬴，年七十，家贫，为大梁夷门监者。公子闻之，往请，欲厚遗之。不肯受，曰：“臣脩身洁行数十年，终不以监门困故而受公子财。”公子于是乃置酒大会宾客。坐定，公子从车骑，虚左，自迎夷门侯生。侯生摄敝衣冠，直上载公子上坐，不让，欲以观公子。公子执辔愈恭。侯生又谓公子曰：“臣有客在市屠中，愿枉车骑过之。”公子引车入巿，侯生下见其客朱亥，俾倪，故久立与其客语，微察公子。公子颜色愈和。当是时，魏将相宗室宾客满堂，待公子举酒。巿人皆观公子执辔。从骑皆窃骂侯生。侯生视公子色终不变，乃谢客就车。至家，公子引侯生坐上坐，遍赞宾客，宾客皆惊。酒酣，公子起，为寿侯生前。侯生因谓公子曰：“今日嬴之为公子亦足矣。嬴乃夷门抱关者也，而公子亲枉车骑，自迎嬴于众人广坐之中，不宜有所过，今公子故过之。然嬴欲就公子之名，故久立公子车骑巿中，过客以观公子，公子愈恭。巿人皆以嬴为小人，而以公子为长者能下士也。”于是罢酒，侯生遂为上客。侯生谓公子曰：“臣所过屠者朱亥，此子贤者，世莫能知，故隐屠间耳。”公子往数请之，朱亥故不复谢，公子怪之。魏安釐王二十年，秦昭王已破赵长平军，又进兵围邯郸。公子姊为赵惠文王弟平原君夫人，数遗魏王及公子书，请救于魏。魏王使将军晋鄙将十万众救赵。秦王使使者告魏王曰：“吾攻赵旦暮且下，而诸侯敢救者，已拔赵，必移兵先击之。”魏王恐，使人止晋鄙，留军壁邺，名为救赵，实持两端以观望。平原君使者冠盖相属于魏，让魏公子曰：“胜所以自附为婚姻者，以公子之高义，为能急人之困。今邯郸旦暮降秦而魏救不至，安在公子能急人之困也！且公子纵轻胜，弃之降秦，独不怜公子姊邪？”公子患之，数请魏王，及宾客辩士说王万端。魏王畏秦，终不听公子。公子自度终不能得之于王，计不独生而令赵亡，乃请宾客，约车骑百馀乘，欲以客往赴秦军，与赵俱死。行过夷门，见侯生，具告所以欲死秦军状。辞决而行，侯生曰：“公子勉之矣，老臣不能从。”公子行数里，心不快，曰：“吾所以待侯生者备矣，天下莫不闻，今吾且死而侯生曾无一言半辞送我，我岂有所失哉？”复引车还，问侯生。侯生笑曰：“臣固知公子之还也。”曰：“公子喜士，名闻天下。今有难，无他端而欲赴秦军，譬若以肉投馁虎，何功之有哉？尚安事客？然公子遇臣厚，公子往而臣不送，以是知公子恨之复返也。”公子再拜，因问。侯生乃屏人间语，曰：“嬴闻晋鄙之兵符常在王卧内，而如姬最幸，出入王卧内，力能窃之。嬴闻如姬父为人所杀，如姬资之三年，自王以下欲求报其父仇，莫能得。如姬为公子泣，公子使客斩其仇头，敬进如姬。如姬之欲为公子死，无所辞，顾未有路耳。公子诚一开口请如姬，如姬必许诺，则得虎符夺晋鄙军，北救赵而西却秦，此五霸之伐也。”公子从其计，请如姬。如姬果盗晋鄙兵符与公子。公子行，侯生曰：“将在外，主令有所不受，以便国家。公子即合符，而晋鄙不授公子兵而复请之，事必危矣。臣客屠者朱亥可与俱，此人力士。晋鄙听，大善；不听，可使击之。”于是公子泣。侯生曰：“公子畏死邪？何泣也？”公子曰：“晋鄙嚄唶宿将，往恐不听，必当杀之，是以泣耳，岂畏死哉？”于是公子请朱亥。朱亥笑曰：“臣乃市井鼓刀屠者，而公子亲数存之，所以不报谢者，以为小礼无所用。今公子有急，此乃臣效命之秋也。”遂与公子俱。公子过谢侯生。侯生曰：“臣宜从，老不能。请数公子行日，以至晋鄙军之日，北乡自刭，以送公子。”公子遂行。至邺，矫魏王令代晋鄙。晋鄙合符，疑之，举手视公子曰：“今吾拥十万之众，屯于境上，国之重任，今单车来代之，何如哉？”欲无听。朱亥袖四十斤铁椎，椎杀晋鄙，公子遂将晋鄙军。勒兵下令军中曰：“父子俱在军中，父归；兄弟俱在军中，兄归；独子无兄弟，归养。”得选兵八万人，进兵击秦军。秦军解去，遂救邯郸，存赵。赵王及平原君自迎公子于界，平原君负韊矢为公子先引。赵王再拜曰：“自古贤人未有及公子者也。”当此之时，平原君不敢自比于人。公子与侯生决，至军，侯生果北乡自刭。魏王怒公子之盗其兵符，矫杀晋鄙，公子亦自知也。已却秦存赵，使将将其军归魏，而公子独与客留赵。赵孝成王德公子之矫夺晋鄙兵而存赵，乃与平原君计，以五城封公子。公子闻之，意骄矜而有自功之色。客有说公子曰：“物有不可忘，或有不可不忘。夫人有德于公子，公子不可忘也；公子有德于人，愿公子忘之也。且矫魏王令，夺晋鄙兵以救赵，于赵则有功矣，于魏则未为忠臣也。公子乃自骄而功之，窃为公子不取也。”于是公子立自责，似若无所容者。赵王埽除自迎，执主人之礼，引公子就西阶。公子侧行辞让，从东阶上。自言罪过，以负于魏，无功于赵。赵王侍酒至暮，口不忍献五城，以公子退让也。公子竟留赵。赵王以鄗为公子汤沐邑，魏亦复以信陵奉公子。公子留赵。公子闻赵有处士毛公藏于博徒，薛公藏于卖浆家，公子欲见两人，两人自匿不肯见公子。公子闻所在，乃间步往从此两人游，甚欢。平原君闻之，谓其夫人曰：“始吾闻夫人弟公子天下无双，今吾闻之，乃妄从博徒卖浆者游，公子妄人耳。”夫人以告公子。公子乃谢夫人去，曰：“始吾闻平原君贤，故负魏王而救赵，以称平原君。平原君之游，徒豪举耳，不求士也。无忌自在大梁时，常闻此两人贤，至赵，恐不得见。以无忌从之游，尚恐其不我欲也，今平原君乃以为羞，其不足从游。”乃装为去。夫人具以语平原君。平原君乃免冠谢，固留公子。平原君门下闻之，半去平原君归公子，天下士复往归公子，公子倾平原君客。公子留赵十年不归。秦闻公子在赵，日夜出兵东伐魏。魏王患之，使使往请公子。公子恐其怒之，乃诫门下：“有敢为魏王使通者，死。”宾客皆背魏之赵，莫敢劝公子归。毛公、薛公两人往见公子曰：“公子所以重于赵，名闻诸侯者，徒以有魏也。今秦攻魏，魏急而公子不恤，使秦破大梁而夷先王之宗庙，公子当何面目立天下乎？”语未及卒，公子立变色，告车趣驾归救魏。魏王见公子，相与泣，而以上将军印授公子，公子遂将。魏安釐王三十年，公子使使遍告诸侯。诸侯闻公子将，各遣将将兵救魏。公子率五国之兵破秦军于河外，走蒙骜。遂乘胜逐秦军至函谷关，抑秦兵，秦兵不敢出。当是时，公子威振天下，诸侯之客进兵法，公子皆名之，故世俗称魏公子兵法。秦王患之，乃行金万斤于魏，求晋鄙客，令毁公子于魏王曰：“公子亡在外十年矣，今为魏将，诸侯将皆属，诸侯徒闻魏公子，不闻魏王。公子亦欲因此时定南面而王，诸侯畏公子之威，方欲共立之。”秦数使反间，伪贺公子得立为魏王未也。魏王日闻其毁，不能不信，后果使人代公子将。公子自知再以毁废，乃谢病不朝，与宾客为长夜饮，饮醇酒，多近妇女。日夜为乐饮者四岁，竟病酒而卒。其岁，魏安釐王亦薨。秦闻公子死，使蒙骜攻魏，拔二十城，初置东郡。其后秦稍蚕食魏，十八岁而虏魏王，屠大梁。高祖始微少时，数闻公子贤。及即天子位，每过大梁，常祠公子。高祖十二年，从击黥布还，为公子置守冢五家，世世岁以四时奉祠公子。太史公曰：吾过大梁之墟，求问其所谓夷门。夷门者，城之东门也。天下诸公子亦有喜士者矣，然信陵君之接岩穴隐者，不耻下交，有以也。名冠诸侯，不虚耳。高祖每过之而令民奉祠不绝也。曰：遂古之初，谁传道之？上下未形，何由考之？冥昭瞢暗，谁能极之？冯翼惟象，何以识之？明明暗暗，惟时何为？阴阳三合，何本何化？圜则九重，孰营度之？惟兹何功，孰初作之？斡维焉系，天极焉加？八柱何当，东南何亏？九天之际，安放安属？隅隈多有，谁知其数？天何所沓？十二焉分？日月安属？列星安陈？出自汤谷，次于蒙汜。自明及晦，所行几里？夜光何德，死则又育？厥利维何，而顾菟在腹？女岐无合，夫焉取九子？伯强何处？惠气安在？何阖而晦？何开而明？角宿未旦，曜灵安藏？不任汩鸿，师何以尚之？佥曰“何忧，何不课而行之？”鸱龟曳衔，鲧何听焉？顺欲成功，帝何刑焉？永遏在羽山，夫何三年不施？伯禹愎鲧，夫何以变化？纂就前绪，遂成考功。何续初继业，而厥谋不同？洪泉极深，何以窴之？地方九则，何以坟之？河海应龙？何尽何历？鲧何所营？禹何所成？康回冯怒，墬何故以东南倾？九州安错？川谷何洿？东流不溢，孰知其故？东西南北，其修孰多？南北顺椭，其衍几何？昆仑悬圃，其尻安在？增城九重，其高几里？四方之门，其谁从焉？西北辟启，何气通焉？日安不到？烛龙何照？羲和之未扬，若华何光？何所冬暖？何所夏寒？焉有石林？何兽能言？焉有虬龙，负熊以游？雄虺九首，鯈忽焉在？何所不死？长人何守？靡蓱九衢，枲华安居？灵蛇吞象，厥大何如？黑水玄趾，三危安在？延年不死，寿何所止？鲮鱼何所？鬿堆焉处？羿焉彃日？乌焉解羽？禹之力献功，降省下土四方。焉得彼嵞山女，而通之于台桑？闵妃匹合，厥身是继。胡维嗜不同味，而快鼌饱？启代益作后，卒然离蠥。何启惟忧，而能拘是达？皆归射鞫，而无害厥躬。何后益作革，而禹播降？启棘宾商，《九辨》《九歌》。何勤子屠母，而死分竟地？帝降夷羿，革孽夏民。胡射夫河伯，而妻彼雒嫔？冯珧利决，封豨是射。何献蒸肉之膏，而后帝不若？浞娶纯狐，眩妻爰谋。何羿之射革，而交吞揆之？阻穷西征，岩何越焉？化而为黄熊，巫何活焉？咸播秬黍，莆雚是营。何由并投，而鲧疾修盈？白蜺婴茀，胡为此堂？安得夫良药，不能固臧？天式从横，阳离爰死。大鸟何鸣，夫焉丧厥体？蓱号起雨，何以兴之？撰体协胁，鹿何膺之？鳌戴山抃，何以安之？释舟陵行，何之迁之？惟浇在户，何求于嫂？何少康逐犬，而颠陨厥首？女歧缝裳，而馆同爰止。何颠易厥首，而亲以逢殆？汤谋易旅，何以厚之？覆舟斟寻，何道取之？桀伐蒙山，何所得焉？妺嬉何肆，汤何殛焉？舜闵在家，父何以鳏？尧不姚告，二女何亲？厥萌在初，何所亿焉？璜台十成，谁所极焉？登立为帝，孰道尚之？女娲有体，孰制匠之？舜服厥弟，终然为害。何肆犬豕，而厥身不危败？吴获迄古，南岳是止。孰期去斯，得两男子？缘鹄饰玉，后帝是飨。何承谋夏桀，终以灭丧？帝乃降观，下逢伊挚。何条放致罚，而黎服大说？简狄在台，喾何宜？玄鸟致贻，女何喜？该秉季德，厥父是臧。胡终弊于有扈，牧夫牛羊？干协时舞，何以怀之？平胁曼肤，何以肥之？有扈牧竖，云何而逢？击床先出，其命何从？恒秉季德，焉得夫朴牛？何往营班禄，不但还来？昏微循迹，有狄不宁。何繁鸟萃棘，负子肆情？眩弟并淫，危害厥兄。何变化以作诈，而后嗣逢长？成汤东巡，有莘爰极。何乞彼小臣，而吉妃是得？水滨之木，得彼小子。夫何恶之，媵有莘之妇？汤出重泉，夫何辠尤？不胜心伐帝，夫谁使挑之？会朝争盟，何践吾期？苍鸟群飞，孰使萃之？列击纣躬，叔旦不嘉。何亲揆发足，周之命以咨嗟？授殷天下，其位安施？反成乃亡，其罪伊何？争遣伐器，何以行之？并驱击翼，何以将之？昭后成游，南土爰底。厥利惟何，逢彼白雉？穆王巧梅，夫何为周流？环理天下，夫何索求？妖夫曳炫，何号于市？周幽谁诛？焉得夫褒姒？天命反侧，何罚何佑？齐桓九会，卒然身杀。彼王纣之躬，孰使乱惑？何恶辅弼，谗谄是服？比干何逆，而抑沈之？雷开阿顺，而赐封之？何圣人之一德，卒其异方？梅伯受醢，箕子详狂？稷维元子，帝何竺之？投之于冰上，鸟何燠之？何冯弓挟矢，殊能将之？既惊帝切激，何逢长之？伯昌号衰，秉鞭作牧。何令彻彼岐社，命有殷国？迁藏就岐，何能依？殷有惑妇，何所讥？受赐兹醢，西伯上告。何亲就上帝罚，殷之命以不救？师望在肆，昌何识？鼓刀扬声，后何喜？武发杀殷，何所悒？载尸集战，何所急？伯林雉经，维其何故？何感天抑墬，夫谁畏惧？皇天集命，惟何戒之？受礼天下，又使至代之？初汤臣挚，后兹承辅。何卒官汤，尊食宗绪？勋阖梦生，少离散亡。何壮武历，能流厥严？彭铿斟雉，帝何飨？受寿永多，夫何久长？中央共牧，后何怒？蜂蛾微命，力何固？惊女采薇，鹿何佑？北至回水，萃何喜？兄有噬犬，弟何欲？易之以百两，卒无禄？薄暮雷电，归何忧？厥严不奉，帝何求？伏匿穴处，爰何云？荆勋作师，夫何长？悟过改更，我又何言？吴光争国，久余是胜。何环穿自闾社丘陵，爰出子文？吾告堵敖以不长。何试上自予，忠名弥彰？太史公牛马走司马迁，再拜言。少卿足下：曩者辱赐书，教以慎于接物，推贤进士为务，意气勤勤恳恳。若望仆不相师，而用流俗人之言，仆非敢如此也。仆虽罢驽，亦尝侧闻长者之遗风矣。顾自以为身残处秽，动而见尤，欲益反损，是以独郁悒而无谁语。谚曰：“谁为为之？孰令听之？”盖钟子期死，伯牙终身不复鼓琴。何则？士为知己者用，女为说己者容。若仆大质已亏缺矣，虽材怀随和，行若由夷，终不可以为荣，适足以发笑而自点耳。书辞宜答，会东从上来，又迫贱事，相见日浅，卒卒无须臾之间，得竭指意。今少卿抱不测之罪，涉旬月，迫季冬，仆又薄从上雍，恐卒然不可为讳，是仆终已不得舒愤懑以晓左右，则长逝者魂魄私恨无穷。请略陈固陋。阙然久不报，幸勿为过。仆闻之：修身者，智之符也；爱施者，仁之端也；取予者，义之表也；耻辱者，勇之决也；立名者，行之极也。士有此五者，然后可以托于世，列于君子之林矣。故祸莫憯于欲利，悲莫痛于伤心，行莫丑于辱先，诟莫大于宫刑。刑余之人，无所比数，非一世也，所从来远矣。昔卫灵公与雍渠同载，孔子适陈；商鞅因景监见，赵良寒心；同子参乘，袁丝变色：自古而耻之！夫以中材之人，事有关于宦竖，莫不伤气，而况于慷慨之士乎！如今朝廷虽乏人，奈何令刀锯之余，荐天下之豪俊哉！仆赖先人绪业，得待罪辇毂下，二十余年矣。所以自惟：上之，不能纳忠效信，有奇策材力之誉，自结明主；次之，又不能拾遗补阙，招贤进能，显岩穴之士；外之，不能备行伍，攻城野战，有斩将搴旗之功；下之，不能积日累劳，取尊官厚禄，以为宗族交游光宠。四者无一遂，苟合取容，无所短长之效，可见于此矣。乡者，仆亦尝厕下大夫之列，陪外廷末议。不以此时引维纲，尽思虑，今已亏形为扫除之隶，在阘茸之中，乃欲仰首伸眉，论列是非，不亦轻朝廷、羞当世之士邪？嗟乎！嗟乎！如仆尚何言哉！尚何言哉！且事本末未易明也。仆少负不羁之才，长无乡曲之誉，主上幸以先人之故，使得奉薄伎，出入周卫之中。仆以为戴盆何以望天，故绝宾客之知，忘室家之业，日夜思竭其不肖之材力，务一心营职，以求亲媚于主上。而事乃有大谬不然者！夫仆与李陵俱居门下，素非能相善也。趣舍异路，未尝衔杯酒，接殷勤之余欢。然仆观其为人，自守奇士，事亲孝，与士信，临财廉，取予义，分别有让，恭俭下人，常思奋不顾身，以徇国家之急。其素所蓄积也，仆以为有国士之风。夫人臣出万死不顾一生之计，赴公家之难，斯已奇矣。今举事一不当，而全躯保妻子之臣随而媒孽其短，仆诚私心痛之。且李陵提步卒不满五千，深践戎马之地，足历王庭，垂饵虎口，横挑强胡，仰亿万之师，与单于连战十有余日，所杀过当。虏救死扶伤不给，旃裘之君长咸震怖，乃悉征其左、右贤王，举引弓之民，一国共攻而围之。转斗千里，矢尽道穷，救兵不至，士卒死伤如积。然陵一唿劳军，士无不起，躬自流涕，沬血饮泣，更张空弮，冒白刃，北首争死敌者。陵未没时，使有来报，汉公卿王侯皆奉觞上寿。后数日，陵败书闻，主上为之食不甘味，听朝不怡。大臣忧惧，不知所出。仆窃不自料其卑贱，见主上惨凄怛悼，诚欲效其款款之愚，以为李陵素与士大夫绝甘分少，能得人之死力，虽古之名将，不能过也。身虽陷败，彼观其意，且欲得其当而报于汉。事已无可奈何，其所摧败，功亦足以暴于天下矣。仆怀欲陈之，而未有路，适会召问，即以此指，推言陵之功，欲以广主上之意，塞睚眦之辞。未能尽明，明主不晓，以为仆沮贰师，而为李陵游说，遂下于理。拳拳之忠，终不能自列。因为诬上，卒从吏议。家贫，货赂不足以自赎，交游莫救，左右亲近不为一言。身非木石，独与法吏为伍，深幽囹圄之中，谁可告愬者！此真少卿所亲见，仆行事岂不然乎？李陵既生降，隤其家声，而仆又佴之蚕室，重为天下观笑。悲夫！悲夫！事未易一二为俗人言也。仆之先非有剖符丹书之功，文史星历，近乎卜祝之间，固主上所戏弄，倡优所畜，流俗之所轻也。假令仆伏法受诛，若九牛亡一毛，与蝼蚁何以异？而世又不与能死节者比，特以为智穷罪极，不能自免，卒就死耳。何也？素所自树立使然也。人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛，用之所趋异也。太上不辱先，其次不辱身，其次不辱理色，其次不辱辞令，其次诎体受辱，其次易服受辱，其次关木索、被箠楚受辱，其次剔毛发、婴金铁受辱，其次毁肌肤、断肢体受辱，最下腐刑极矣！传曰“刑不上大夫。”此言士节不可不勉厉也。勐虎在深山，百兽震恐，及在槛阱之中，摇尾而求食，积威约之渐也。故士有画地为牢，势不可入；削木为吏，议不可对，定计于鲜也。今交手足，受木索，暴肌肤，受榜箠，幽于圜墙之中。当此之时，见狱吏则头抢地，视徒隶则心惕息。何者？积威约之势也。及以至是，言不辱者，所谓强颜耳，曷足贵乎！且西伯，伯也，拘于羑里；李斯，相也，具于五刑；淮阴，王也，受械于陈；彭越、张敖，南面称孤，系狱抵罪；绛侯诛诸吕，权倾五伯，囚于请室；魏其，大将也，衣赭衣，关三木；季布为朱家钳奴；灌夫受辱于居室。此人皆身至王侯将相，声闻邻国，及罪至罔加，不能引决自裁，在尘埃之中。古今一体，安在其不辱也？由此言之，勇怯，势也；强弱，形也。审矣，何足怪乎？夫人不能早自裁绳墨之外，以稍陵迟，至于鞭箠之间，乃欲引节，斯不亦远乎！古人所以重施刑于大夫者，殆为此也。夫人情莫不贪生恶死，念父母，顾妻子，至激于义理者不然，乃有所不得已也。今仆不幸，早失父母，无兄弟之亲，独身孤立，少卿视仆于妻子何如哉？且勇者不必死节，怯夫慕义，何处不勉焉！仆虽怯懦，欲苟活，亦颇识去就之分矣，何至自沉溺缧绁之辱哉！且夫臧获婢妾，犹能引决，况仆之不得已乎？所以隐忍苟活，幽于粪土之中而不辞者，恨私心有所不尽，鄙陋没世，而文采不表于后也。古者富贵而名摩灭，不可胜记，唯倜傥非常之人称焉。盖文王拘而演《周易》；仲尼厄而作《春秋》；屈原放逐，乃赋《离骚》；左丘失明，厥有《国语》；孙子膑脚，《兵法》修列；不韦迁蜀，世传《吕览》；韩非囚秦，《说难》《孤愤》；《诗》三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也。此人皆意有所郁结，不得通其道，故述往事、思来者。乃如左丘无目，孙子断足，终不可用，退而论书策，以舒其愤，思垂空文以自见。仆窃不逊，近自托于无能之辞，网罗天下放失旧闻，略考其行事，综其终始，稽其成败兴坏之纪，上计轩辕，下至于兹，为十表，本纪十二，书八章，世家三十，列传七十，凡百三十篇。亦欲以究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言。草创未就，会遭此祸，惜其不成，是以就极刑而无愠色。仆诚以着此书，藏之名山，传之其人，通邑大都，则仆偿前辱之责，虽万被戮，岂有悔哉！然此可为智者道，难为俗人言也！且负下未易居，下流多谤议。仆以口语遇遭此祸，重为乡党所笑，以污辱先人，亦何面目复上父母之丘墓乎？虽累百世，垢弥甚耳！是以肠一日而九回，居则忽忽若有所亡，出则不知其所往。每念斯耻，汗未尝不发背沾衣也！身直为闺阁之臣，宁得自引深藏于岩穴邪？故且从俗浮沉，与时俯仰，以通其狂惑。今少卿乃教以推贤进士，无乃与仆私心剌谬乎？今虽欲自雕琢，曼辞以自饰，无益，于俗不信，适足取辱耳。要之，死日然后是非乃定。书不能悉意，故略陈固陋。谨再拜。五都矜财雄，三川养声利。百金不市死，明经有高位。京城十二衢，飞甍各鳞次。仕子彯华缨，游客竦轻辔。明星晨未晞，轩盖已云至。宾御纷飒沓，鞍马光照地。寒暑在一时，繁华及春媚。君平独寂寞，身世两相弃。玉纤屈损春葱，远山压损眉峰。早是闲愁万种。忽听得卖花声送，绣针儿不待穿绒。披云罗影散，泛水织文生。劳歌大风曲，威加四海清。憔悴年来甚，萧条益自伤。风威侵病骨，雨气咽愁肠。夜鼎唯煎药，朝髭半染霜。前缘竟何似，谁与问空王。尝读六国《世家》，窃怪天下之诸侯，以五倍之地，十倍之众，发愤西向，以攻山西千里之秦，而不免于死亡。常为之深思远虑，以为必有可以自安之计，盖未尝不咎其当时之士虑患之疏，而见利之浅，且不知天下之势也。夫秦之所以与诸侯争天下者，不在齐、楚、燕、赵也，而在韩、魏之郊；诸侯之所与秦争天下者，不在齐、楚、燕、赵也，而在韩、魏之野。秦之有韩、魏，譬如人之有腹心之疾也。韩、魏塞秦之冲，而弊山东之诸侯，故夫天下之所重者，莫如韩、魏也。昔者范睢用于秦而收韩，商鞅用于秦而收魏，昭王未得韩、魏之心，而出兵以攻齐之刚、寿，而范雎以为忧。然则秦之所忌者可以见矣。秦之用兵于燕、赵，秦之危事也。越韩过魏，而攻人之国都，燕、赵拒之于前，而韩、魏乘之于后，此危道也。而秦之攻燕、赵，未尝有韩、魏之忧，则韩、魏之附秦故也。夫韩、魏诸侯之障，而使秦人得出入于其间，此岂知天下之势邪！委区区之韩、魏，以当强虎狼之秦，彼安得不折而入于秦哉？韩、魏折而入于秦，然后秦人得通其兵于东诸侯，而使天下偏受其祸。夫韩、魏不能独当秦，而天下之诸侯，藉之以蔽其西，故莫如厚韩亲魏以摈秦。秦人不敢逾韩、魏以窥齐、楚、燕、赵之国，而齐、楚、燕、赵之国，因得以自完于其间矣。以四无事之国，佐当寇之韩、魏，使韩、魏无东顾之忧，而为天下出身以当秦兵；以二国委秦，而四国休息于内，以阴助其急，若此，可以应夫无穷，彼秦者将何为哉！不知出此，而乃贪疆埸尺寸之利，背盟败约，以自相屠灭，秦兵未出，而天下诸侯已自困矣。至于秦人得伺其隙以取其国，可不悲哉！风急天高猿啸哀，渚清沙白鸟飞回。无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。万里悲秋常作客，百年多病独登台。艰难苦恨繁霜鬓，潦倒新停浊酒杯。〔一枝花〕攀出墙朵朵花，折临路枝枝柳。花攀红蕊嫩，柳折翠条柔，浪子风流。凭着我折柳攀花手，直煞得花残柳败休。半生来折柳攀花，一世里眠花卧柳。〔梁州〕我是个普天下郎君领袖，盖世界浪子班头。愿朱颜不改常依旧，花中消遣，酒内忘忧。分茶攧竹，打马藏阄；通五音六律滑熟，甚闲愁到我心头？伴的是银筝女银台前理银筝笑倚银屏，伴的是玉天仙携玉手并玉肩同登玉楼，伴的是金钗客歌金缕捧金樽满泛金瓯。你道我老也，暂休。占排场风月功名首，更玲珑又剔透。我是个锦阵花营都帅头，曾玩府游州。〔隔尾〕子弟每是个茅草冈、沙土窝初生的兔羔儿乍向围场上走，我是个经笼罩、受索网苍翎毛老野鸡蹅踏的阵马儿熟。经了些窝弓冷箭镴枪头，不曾落人后。恰不道“人到中年万事休”，我怎肯虚度了春秋。〔尾〕我是个蒸不烂、煮不熟、捶不匾、炒不爆、响珰珰一粒铜豌豆，恁子弟每谁教你钻入他锄不断、斫不下、解不开、顿不脱、慢腾腾千层锦套头？我玩的是梁园月，饮的是东京酒，赏的是洛阳花，攀的是章台柳。我也会围棋、会蹴踘、会打围、会插科、会歌舞、会吹弹、会咽作、会吟诗、会双陆。你便是落了我牙、歪了我嘴、瘸了我腿、折了我手，天赐与我这几般儿歹症候，尚兀自不肯休！则除是阎王亲自唤，神鬼自来勾。三魂归地府，七魄丧冥幽。天哪！那其间才不向烟花路儿上走！归梦寄吴樯，水驿江程去路长。想见芳洲初系缆，斜阳，烟树参差认武昌。愁鬓点新霜，曾是朝衣染御香。重到故乡交旧少，凄凉，却恐他乡胜故乡。氓之蚩蚩，抱布贸丝。匪来贸丝，来即我谋。送子涉淇，至于顿丘。匪我愆期，子无良媒。将子无怒，秋以为期。乘彼垝垣，以望复关。不见复关，泣涕涟涟。既见复关，载笑载言。尔卜尔筮，体无咎言。以尔车来，以我贿迁。(尔 一作：尓)桑之未落，其叶沃若。于嗟鸠兮！无食桑葚。于嗟女兮！无与士耽。士之耽兮，犹可说也。女之耽兮，不可说也。桑之落矣，其黄而陨。自我徂尔，三岁食贫。淇水汤汤，渐车帷裳。女也不爽，士贰其行。士也罔极，二三其德。三岁为妇，靡室劳矣。夙兴夜寐，靡有朝矣。言既遂矣，至于暴矣。兄弟不知，咥其笑矣。静言思之，躬自悼矣。及尔偕老，老使我怨。淇则有岸，隰则有泮。总角之宴，言笑晏晏，信誓旦旦，不思其反。反是不思，亦已焉哉！

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ran .nai you suo bu de yi ye .jin pu bu xing .zao shi fu mu .wu xiong di zhi qin .du shen gu li .shao qing shi pu yu qi zi he ru zai .qie yong zhe bu bi si jie .qie fu mu yi .he chu bu mian yan .pu sui qie nuo .yu gou huo .yi po shi qu jiu zhi fen yi .he zhi zi chen ni lei xie zhi ru zai .qie fu zang huo bi qie .you neng yin jue .kuang pu zhi bu de yi hu .suo yi yin ren gou huo .you yu fen tu zhi zhong er bu ci zhe .hen si xin you suo bu jin .bi lou mei shi .er wen cai bu biao yu hou ye .gu zhe fu gui er ming mo mie .bu ke sheng ji .wei ti tang fei chang zhi ren cheng yan .gai wen wang ju er yan .zhou yi ..zhong ni e er zuo .chun qiu ..qu yuan fang zhu .nai fu .li sao ..zuo qiu shi ming .jue you .guo yu ..sun zi bin jiao ..bing fa .xiu lie .bu wei qian shu .shi chuan .lv lan ..han fei qiu qin ..shuo nan ..gu fen ...shi .san bai pian .da di sheng xian fa fen zhi suo wei zuo ye .ci ren jie yi you suo yu jie .bu de tong qi dao .gu shu wang shi .si lai zhe .nai ru zuo qiu wu mu .sun zi 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xiao qian .jiu nei wang you .fen cha dian zhu .da ma cang jiu .tong wu yin liu lv hua shu .shen xian chou dao wo xin tou .ban de shi yin zheng nv yin tai qian li yin zheng xiao yi yin ping .ban de shi yu tian xian xie yu shou bing yu jian tong deng yu lou .ban de shi jin cha ke ge jin lv peng jin zun man fan jin ou .ni dao wo lao ye .zan xiu .zhan pai chang feng yue gong ming shou .geng ling long you ti tou .wo shi ge jin zhen hua ying du shuai tou .zeng wan fu you zhou ..ge wei .zi di mei shi ge mao cao gang .sha tu wo chu sheng de tu gao er zha xiang wei chang shang zou .wo shi ge jing long zhao .shou suo wang cang ling mao lao ye ji cha ta de zhen ma er shu .jing liao xie wo gong leng jian la qiang tou .bu zeng luo ren hou .qia bu dao .ren dao zhong nian wan shi xiu ..wo zen ken xu du liao chun qiu ..wei .wo shi ge zheng bu lan .zhu bu shu .chui bu bian .chao bu bao .xiang dang dang yi li tong wan dou .ren zi di mei shui jiao ni zuan ru ta chu bu duan .zhuo bu xia .jie bu kai .dun bu tuo .man teng teng qian ceng jin tao tou .wo wan de shi liang yuan yue .yin de shi dong jing jiu .shang de shi luo yang hua .pan de shi zhang tai liu .wo ye hui wei qi .hui cu ju .hui da wei .hui cha ke .hui ge wu .hui chui dan .hui yan zuo .hui yin shi .hui shuang lu .ni bian shi luo liao wo ya .wai liao wo zui .que liao wo tui .zhe liao wo shou .tian ci yu wo zhe ji ban er dai zheng hou .shang wu zi bu ken xiu .ze chu shi yan wang qin zi huan .shen gui zi lai gou .san hun gui di fu .qi po sang ming you .tian na .na qi jian cai bu xiang yan hua lu er shang zou .gui meng ji wu qiang .shui yi jiang cheng qu lu chang .xiang jian fang zhou chu xi lan .xie yang .yan shu can cha ren wu chang .chou bin dian xin shuang .zeng shi chao yi ran yu xiang .zhong dao gu xiang jiao jiu shao .qi liang .que kong ta xiang sheng gu xiang .mang zhi chi chi .bao bu mao si .fei lai mao si .lai ji wo mou .song zi she qi .zhi yu dun qiu .fei wo qian qi .zi wu liang mei .jiang zi wu nu .qiu yi wei qi .cheng bi gui yuan .yi wang fu guan .bu jian fu guan .qi ti lian lian .ji jian fu guan .zai xiao zai yan .er bo er shi .ti wu jiu yan .yi er che lai .yi wo hui qian ..er yi zuo .er .sang zhi wei luo .qi ye wo ruo .yu jie jiu xi .wu shi sang ren .yu jie nv xi .wu yu shi dan .shi zhi dan xi .you ke shuo ye .nv zhi dan xi .bu ke shuo ye .sang zhi luo yi .qi huang er yun .zi wo cu er .san sui shi pin .qi shui tang tang .jian che wei shang .nv ye bu shuang .shi er qi xing .shi ye wang ji .er san qi de .san sui wei fu .mi shi lao yi .su xing ye mei .mi you chao yi .yan ji sui yi .zhi yu bao yi .xiong di bu zhi .xi qi xiao yi .jing yan si zhi .gong zi dao yi .ji er xie lao .lao shi wo yuan .qi ze you an .xi ze you pan .zong jiao zhi yan .yan xiao yan yan .xin shi dan dan .bu si qi fan .fan shi bu si .yi yi yan zai .

从南面登上碣石宫，望(wang)向远处(chu)的黄金台。
（32）则(ze)则——犹“啧啧”，赞叹声。子规鸣叫悲啭，使人愁肠寸断。暮春三月，这鸟鸣花开的时节，游子正思念他的故乡三巴。
（43）子：子金，即利息。本：本金。相侔（móu）：相等。只要自己调养好身心(xin)，也可以益寿(shou)延年。
256、瑶台：以玉砌成的台。小鸟在白云端自由飞翔，秦淮河绿水滔滔，河岸红叶似火，黄花初绽，蝴蝶(die)飞逐。刚绽放的黄花上有几只蝴蝶在飞，刚落下的红叶如此美丽，却(que)没有人来欣赏了。
⑥水：名词用作动词，下雨。最令人喜爱的是小儿子，他正横卧(wo)在溪头草丛，剥着刚摘下的莲蓬。
6、便作：即使。高亢的乐声直冲云霄，冲上女娲炼石补过的天(tian)际。好似补天的五彩石被击破，逗落了漫天绵绵秋雨。
238、此：指福、荣。阖庐有功寿梦之孙，少年遭受离散之苦。
⑦多(duo)事：这里指国家多难。少年人应当有凌云壮志，谁会怜惜你困顿独处，唉声叹气(qi)呢？
（45）起其文：勃起他的文气。

　　唐代选入宫中宜春院的歌舞妓称“内人”。她们一入深宫内院，就与外界隔绝，被剥夺了自由和人生幸福。这首诗题为“《赠内人》张祜 古诗”，其实并不可能真向她们投赠诗篇，不过借此题目来驰骋诗人的遐想和遥念而已。这是一首宫怨诗，但诗人匠心独运，不落窠臼，既不正面描写她们的凄凉寂寞的生活，也不直接道出她们的愁肠万转的怨情，只从她们中间一个人在月下、灯畔的两个颇为微妙的动作，折射出她的遭遇、处境和心情。
　　这首诗首先从诗人告别洛阳时写起：“柳絮飞时别洛阳，梅花发后到三湘。”暮春时节，柳絮纷纷扬扬，诗人怀着被贬的失意心情离开故乡洛阳，在梅花盛开的隆冬时分，来到三湘。这里以物候的变化暗示时间的变换，深得《诗经·小雅·采薇》“昔我往矣，杨柳依依；今我来思，雨雪霏霏”的遗韵。开头两句洒脱灵动，情景交融，既点明季节、地点，又渲染气氛，给人一种人生飘忽、离合无常的感觉。回想当初被贬的情景，诗人不胜感慨，此时友人王八员外也遭逢相同的命运，远谪长沙，临别依依，感慨万端：“世情已逐浮云散，离恨空随江水长。”第三句所说“世情”，可包括人世间的盛衰兴败，悲欢离合，人情的冷暖厚薄等。而这一切，诗人和王八员外都遭遇过，并都有过深切的感受。命运相同，相知亦深。世情如浮云，更添离情缱绻缠绵，有如流水之悠长深远。结句比喻形象，“空随”二字似写诗人的心随行舟远去，也仿佛王八员外载满船的离恨而去。一个“空”字，委婉地表达出一种无可奈何而又恋恋不舍的深情。
　　这首诗纯用白描，不做作，不涂饰，朴素自然，平淡疏野，真可谓洗尽铅华，得天然之趣，因而诗味浓郁，意境悠远。诗人给读者展现出一幅素淡的水乡风景
　　这首诗尽管篇幅短小，但在艺术表现上还是很有特色的。诗的前四句摹声状物极力渲染自然景物的险恶气氛，作为画面的背景，极好地烘托了画面主体部分的夸张描写。相反，最后两句对于渔人舟子撑篙行船艰苦万分的夸张描写，又进一步点染了江滩的险恶。画面上，这种背景与主体的相互映衬，着重突出了全诗的主题。这首诗的另一特色，是采用了绘画上传统的大写意的手法。诗人在刻画意境时，能够抓住景物给人感受最强烈的几点，于大处落墨，笔触简劲，而不是象工笔画法，力图笔笔不苟，枝叶筋脉，纤毫不爽。诗中“撑折万张篙”一句，似乎是细节刻画，但也是仅此一笔，而且是经过了大胆的夸张。所以全诗侧重表现的并不在于细微的真实，而是在于捕捉事物的神韵，予以强烈的表现。
　　“横江西望阻西秦，汉水东连一作楚水东流扬子津。”长江天堑阻隔了李白北上的路途，只能在站在横江向西望了，长江由东西走向变为南北走向，所以用西望，而不是北望。西秦，指唐朝长安所在的地方，李白念念不忘报君恩。汉水，即长江水，东流到扬子津，古地名，实际上是扬子江畔的渡口。长江到江苏地界，俗称扬子江。李白想由此北上，但“白浪如山那可渡”，正赶上那天狂风大浪，白浪如山，根本无法渡船过江。古代人过江可没有现在方便，无论坐火车或汽车，从长江大桥几分钟就可以完全过江，古代长江上没有一座桥，过江主要是船，那时的船一般都是木头做的，根本架不住淘天的白浪，可以说一不小心就可能船翻人亡。所以在风大的日子，船一般是不过江的。“狂风愁杀峭帆人。”从这句来看，当时的船不仅有橹，还有帆，开船的也不只一个人，至少有两个人。一个摇橹，一个挂帆。从诗句来看，狂风让人愁不是李白，而是开船的人，因为不能开船渡人，他们的生活费也没有着落了，那一家人大小日子也没法过。这里实写开船人愁，而真正愁的是李白。他要北上，究竟为何事，六首词都没有交待，但有一点可以肯定，李白不想久居江南，远离唐朝政治中心——长安。
　　大明宫中有宣政殿，中书、门下二省都在宣政殿内，在门下省内接受樱桃之赐，退朝时分，徐徐擎出宫门。这一联的惊奇之处在于，诗人用两个专有名词不动声色地写出了对皇恩的感戴。专有名词在诗中给人的联想是很少的，但此处却给人堂皇之感，“门下”表现了空间的纵深，“大明”渲染出庄严辉煌的气势，两个实打实的名词被诗人巧妙地虚化了。唐人李嘉祐诗云“秋冷白云司”，“白云司”指刑部，与“秋冷”连属，别有清峭之气，和杜诗此联一样，都是点铁成金之句。