户部云南清吏司主事臣海瑞谨奏；为直言天下第一事，以正君道、明臣职，求万世治安事：君者，天下臣民万物之主也。惟其为天下臣民万物之主，责任至重。凡民生利病，一有所不宜，将有所不称其任。是故事君之道宜无不备，而以其责寄臣工，使之尽言焉。臣工尽言，而君道斯称矣。昔之务为容悦，阿谀曲从，致使灾祸隔绝、主上不闻者，无足言矣。过为计者则又曰：“君子危明主，忧治世。”夫世则治矣，以不治忧之；主则明矣，以不明危之：无乃使之反求眩瞀，莫知趋舍矣乎！非通论也。臣受国厚恩矣，请执有犯无隐之义，美曰美，不一毫虚美；过曰过，不一毫讳过。不为悦谀，不暇过计，谨披沥肝胆为陛下言之。汉贾谊陈政事于文帝曰：“进言者皆曰：天下已安已治矣，臣独以为未也。曰安且治者，非愚则谀。”夫文帝，汉贤君也，贾谊非苛责备也。文帝性颇仁柔，慈恕恭俭，虽有爱民之美，优游退逊、尚多怠废之政。不究其弊所不免，概以安且治当之，愚也。不究其才所不能，概以政之安且治颂之，谀也。陛下自视，于汉文帝何如？陛下天资英断，睿识绝人，可为尧、舜，可为禹、汤、文、武，下之如汉宣之厉精，光武之大度，唐太宗之英武无敌，宪宗之志平僭乱，宋仁宗之仁恕，举一节可取者，陛下优为之。即位初年，铲除积弊，焕然与天下更始。举其大概：箴敬一以养心，定冠履以定分，除圣贤土木之象，夺宦官内外之权，元世祖毁不与祀，祀孔子推及所生。天下忻忻，以大有作为仰之。识者谓辅相得人，太平指日可期，非虚语也，高汉文帝远甚。然文帝能充其仁恕之性，节用爱人，吕祖谦称其能尽人之才力，诚是也。一时天下虽未可尽以治安予之，然贯朽粟陈，民物康阜，三代后称贤君焉。陛下则锐精未久，妄念牵之而去矣。反刚明而错用之，谓长生可得，而一意玄修。富有四海不曰民之脂膏在是也，而侈兴土木。二十余年不视朝，纲纪驰矣。数行推广事例，名爵滥矣。二王不相见，人以为薄于父子。以猜疑诽谤戮辱臣下，人以为薄于君臣。乐西苑而不返宫，人以为薄于夫妇。天下吏贪将弱，民不聊生，水旱靡时，盗贼滋炽。自陛下登极初年亦有这，而未甚也。今赋役增常，万方则效。陛下破产礼佛日甚，室如县罄，十余年来极矣。天下因即陛下改元之号而臆之曰：“嘉靖者言家家皆净而无财用也。”迩者，严嵩罢相，世蕃极刑，差快人意一时称清时焉。然严嵩罢相之后，犹之严嵩未相之先而已，非大清明世界也。不及汉文帝远甚。天下之人不直陛下久矣，内外臣工之所知也。知之，不可谓愚。《诗》去：“衰职有阙，惟仲山甫补之。”今日所赖以弼棐匡救，格非而归之正，诸臣责也。夫圣人岂绝无过举哉？古者设官，亮采惠畴足矣，不必责之以谏。保氏掌谏王恶，不必设也。木绳金砺，圣贤不必言之也，乃修斋建醮，相率进香，天桃天药，相率表贺。建兴宫室，工部极力经营；取香觅宝，户部差求四出。陛下误举，诸臣误顺，无一人为陛下正言焉。都俞吁咈之风，陈善闭邪之义，邈无闻矣；谀之甚也。然愧心馁气，退有后言，以从陛下；昧没本心，以歌颂陛下，欺君之罪何如？夫天下者，陛下之家也，人未有不顾其家者。内外臣工有官守、有言责，皆所以奠陛下之家而磐石之也。一意玄修，是陛下心之惑也。过于苛断，是陛下情之伪也。而谓陛下不顾其家，人情乎？诸臣顾身家以保一官，多以欺败，以赃败，不事事败，有不足以当陛下之心者。其不然者，君心臣心偶不相值也，遂谓陛下为贱薄臣工。诸臣正心之学微，所言或不免己私，或失详审，诚如胡寅扰乱政事之说，有不足以当陛下之心者。其不然者，君意臣意偶不相值也，遂谓陛下为是己拒谏。执陛下一二事不当之形迹，亿陛下千百事之尽然，陷陛下误终不复，诸臣欺君之罪大矣。《记》曰：“上人疑则百姓惑，下难知则君长劳。”今日之谓也。为身家心与惧心合，臣职不明，臣以一二事形迹既为诸臣解之矣。求长生心与惑心合，有辞于臣，君道不正，臣请再为陛下开之。陛下之误多矣，大端在修醮。修醮所以求长生也。自古圣贤止说修身立命，止说顺受其正。盖天地赋予于人而为性命者，此尽之矣。尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武之君，圣之盛也，未能久世不终。下之，亦未见方外士自汉、唐、宋存至今日。使陛下得以访其术者陶仲文，陛下以师唿之，仲文则既死矣。仲文尚不能长生，而陛下独何求之？至谓天赐仙桃药丸，怪妄尤甚。伏羲氏王天下，龙马出河，因则其文以画八卦。禹治水时，神龟负文而列其背，因而第之，以成必畴。河图洛书实有此瑞物，以泄万古不传之秘。天不爱道而显之圣人，借圣人以开示天下，犹之日月星辰之布列，而历数成焉，非虚妄也。宋真宗获天书于干佑山，孙奭谏曰：“天何言哉？岂有书也？”桃必采而后得，药由人工捣以成者也。兹无因而至，桃药是有足而行耶？天赐之者，有手执而付之耶？陛下玄修多年矣，一无所得。至今日，左右奸人逆陛下玄修妄念，区区桃药之长生，理之所无，而玄修之无益可知矣。陛下又将谓悬刑赏以督率臣下，分理有人，天下无不可治，而玄修无害矣乎？夫人幼而学，既无致君泽民异事之学，壮而行，亦无致君泽民殊用之心。《太甲》曰：“有言逆于汝志，必求诸道，有言逊于汝志，必求诸非道。”言顺者之未必为道也。即近事观：严嵩有一不顺陛下者乎？昔为贪窃，今为逆本。梁材守道守官，陛下以为逆者也，历任有声，官户部者以有守称之。虽近日严嵩抄没、百官有惕心焉，无用于积贿求迁，稍自洗涤。然严嵩罢相之后，犹严嵩未相之前而已。诸臣宁为严嵩之顺，不为梁材之执。今甚者贪求，未甚者挨日。见称于人者，亦廊庙山林交战热中，鹘突依违，苟举故事。洁己格物，任天下重，使社稷灵长终必赖之者，未见其人焉。得非有所牵制其心，未能纯然精白使然乎？陛下欲诸臣惟予行而莫违也，而责之以效忠；付之以翼为明听也，又欲其顺乎玄修土木之娱：是股肱耳目不为腹心卫也，而自为视听持行之用。有臣如仪、衍焉，可以成“得志与民由之”之业，无是理也。陛下诚知玄修无益，臣之改行，民之效尤，天下之安与不安、治与不治由之，幡然悟悔，日视正朝，与宰辅、九卿、侍从、言官讲求天下利害，洗数十年君道之误，置其身于尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武之上，使其臣亦得洗数十年阿君之耻，置其身于皋陶、伊、傅之列，相为后先，明良喜起，都俞吁咈。内之宦官宫妾，外之光禄寺厨役，锦衣卫恩荫，诸衙门带俸，举凡无事而官者亦多矣。上之内仓内库，下之户、工部，光禄寺诸厂，段绢、粮料、珠定、器用、木材诸物，多而积于无用，用之非所宜用，亦多矣。诸臣必有为陛下言者。诸臣言之，陛下行之，此则在陛下一节省间而已。京师之一金，田野之百金也。一节省而国有余用，民有盖藏，不知其几也。而陛下何不为之？官有职掌，先年职守之正、职守之全而未行之。今日职守之废、职守之苟且因循，不认真、不尽法而自以为是。敦本行以端士习，止上纳以清仕途，久任吏将以责成功，练选军士以免召募，驱缁黄游食以归四民，责府州县兼举富教使成礼俗，复屯盐本色以裕边储，均田赋丁差以苏困敝，举天下官之侵渔，将之怯懦，吏之为奸，刑之无少姑息焉。必世之仁，博厚高明悠远之业，诸臣必有陛下言者。诸臣言之，陛下行之，此则在陛下一振作间而已。一振作而诸废具举，百弊铲绝，唐、虞三代之治粲然复兴矣，而陛下何不行之？节省之，振作之，又非有所劳于陛下也。九卿总其纲，百职分其任，抚按科道纠举肃清之于其间，陛下持大纲、稽治要而责成焉。劳于求贤，逸于任用如天运于上，而四时六气各得其序，恭己无为之道也。天地万物为一体，固有之性也。民物熙洽，熏为太和，而陛下性分中自有真乐矣。可以赞天地之化育，则可与天地参。道与天通，命由我立，而陛下性分中自有真寿矣。此理之所有者，可旋至而立有效者也。若夫服食不终之药，遥望轻举，理之所无者也。理之所无，而切切然散爵禄，竦精神，玄修求之，悬思凿想，系风捕影，终其身如斯而已矣，求之其可得乎？夫君道不正，臣职不明，此天下第一事也。于此不言，更复何言？大臣持禄而外为谀，小臣畏罪而面为顺，陛下有不得知而改之行之者，臣每恨焉。是以昧死竭忠，惓惓为陛下言之。一反情易向之间，而天下之治与不治，民物之安与不安决焉，伏惟陛下留神，宗社幸甚，天下幸甚。臣不胜战栗恐惧之至，为此具本亲赍，谨具奏闻。入夜莫愁迷下路，昔人犹在逐流萤。一簟凉风世界清。楚调忽惊凄玉柱，汉宫应已湿金茎。肥绽梅红，嫩翻荷绿，微凉时起青苹。人间福艾，都属老人星。累建高牙大纛，循良治、是处彬彬。棠阴里，丰碑纪德，仁爱浃生民。紫陌红尘拂面来，无人不道看花回。玄都观里桃千树，尽是刘郎去后栽。到处有同人，多为赋与文。诗中难得友，湖畔喜逢君。岩谷春来锦绣舒，烟芜萧瑟正愁予。楼台已重名山价，料得家藏种树书。酒色财气常醉后方何碍，不醉时有甚思。糟腌两个功名字，醅淹千古兴亡事，曲埋万丈虹霓志。不达时皆笑屈原非，但知音尽说陶潜是。花尚有重开日，人决无再少年。恰情欢春昼红妆面，正情浓夏日双飞燕，早情疏秋暮合欢扇。武陵溪引入鬼门关，楚阳台驾到森罗殿。绿珠娇人无比，石崇富祸有余。全家儿老幼遭诛戮，半合儿帑藏无金玉，两般儿景物伤情绪。暗尘埋锦步障花边，乱蝉鸣金谷园中树。形骸随红尘化，功名向青史标。七英雄事业真堪笑，六豪王踪迹平如扫，两下里争战图前闹。一壁厢淡烟衰草霸王城，一壁厢西风落日高皇庙。

hu bu yun nan qing li si zhu shi chen hai rui jin zou .wei zhi yan tian xia di yi shi .yi zheng jun dao .ming chen zhi .qiu wan shi zhi an shi .jun zhe .tian xia chen min wan wu zhi zhu ye .wei qi wei tian xia chen min wan wu zhi zhu .ze ren zhi zhong .fan min sheng li bing .yi you suo bu yi .jiang you suo bu cheng qi ren .shi gu shi jun zhi dao yi wu bu bei .er yi qi ze ji chen gong .shi zhi jin yan yan .chen gong jin yan .er jun dao si cheng yi .xi zhi wu wei rong yue .a yu qu cong .zhi shi zai huo ge jue .zhu shang bu wen zhe .wu zu yan yi .guo wei ji zhe ze you yue ..jun zi wei ming zhu .you zhi shi ..fu shi ze zhi yi .yi bu zhi you zhi .zhu ze ming yi .yi bu ming wei zhi .wu nai shi zhi fan qiu xuan mao .mo zhi qu she yi hu .fei tong lun ye .chen shou guo hou en yi .qing zhi you fan wu yin zhi yi .mei yue mei .bu yi hao xu mei .guo yue guo .bu yi hao hui guo .bu wei yue yu .bu xia guo ji .jin pi li gan dan wei bi xia yan zhi .han jia yi chen zheng shi yu wen di yue ..jin yan zhe jie yue .tian xia yi an yi zhi yi .chen du yi wei wei ye .yue an qie zhi zhe .fei yu ze yu ..fu wen di .han xian jun ye .jia yi fei ke ze bei ye .wen di xing po ren rou .ci shu gong jian .sui you ai min zhi mei .you you tui xun .shang duo dai fei zhi zheng .bu jiu qi bi suo bu mian .gai yi an qie zhi dang zhi .yu ye .bu jiu qi cai suo bu neng .gai yi zheng zhi an qie zhi song zhi .yu ye .bi xia zi shi .yu han wen di he ru .bi xia tian zi ying duan .rui shi jue ren .ke wei yao .shun .ke wei yu .tang .wen .wu .xia zhi ru han xuan zhi li jing .guang wu zhi da du .tang tai zong zhi ying wu wu di .xian zong zhi zhi ping jian luan .song ren zong zhi ren shu .ju yi jie ke qu zhe .bi xia you wei zhi .ji wei chu nian .chan chu ji bi .huan ran yu tian xia geng shi .ju qi da gai .zhen jing yi yi yang xin .ding guan lv yi ding fen .chu sheng xian tu mu zhi xiang .duo huan guan nei wai zhi quan .yuan shi zu hui bu yu si .si kong zi tui ji suo sheng .tian xia xin xin .yi da you zuo wei yang zhi .shi zhe wei fu xiang de ren .tai ping zhi ri ke qi .fei xu yu ye .gao han wen di yuan shen .ran wen di neng chong qi ren shu zhi xing .jie yong ai ren .lv zu qian cheng qi neng jin ren zhi cai li .cheng shi ye .yi shi tian xia sui wei ke jin yi zhi an yu zhi .ran guan xiu su chen .min wu kang fu .san dai hou cheng xian jun yan .bi xia ze rui jing wei jiu .wang nian qian zhi er qu yi .fan gang ming er cuo yong zhi .wei chang sheng ke de .er yi yi xuan xiu .fu you si hai bu yue min zhi zhi gao zai shi ye .er chi xing tu mu .er shi yu nian bu shi chao .gang ji chi yi .shu xing tui guang shi li .ming jue lan yi .er wang bu xiang jian .ren yi wei bao yu fu zi .yi cai yi fei bang lu ru chen xia .ren yi wei bao yu jun chen .le xi yuan er bu fan gong .ren yi wei bao yu fu fu .tian xia li tan jiang ruo .min bu liao sheng .shui han mi shi .dao zei zi chi .zi bi xia deng ji chu nian yi you zhe .er wei shen ye .jin fu yi zeng chang .wan fang ze xiao .bi xia po chan li fo ri shen .shi ru xian qing .shi yu nian lai ji yi .tian xia yin ji bi xia gai yuan zhi hao er yi zhi yue ..jia jing zhe yan jia jia jie jing er wu cai yong ye ..er zhe .yan song ba xiang .shi fan ji xing .cha kuai ren yi yi shi cheng qing shi yan .ran yan song ba xiang zhi hou .you zhi yan song wei xiang zhi xian er yi .fei da qing ming shi jie ye .bu ji han wen di yuan shen .tian xia zhi ren bu zhi bi xia jiu yi .nei wai chen gong zhi suo zhi ye .zhi zhi .bu ke wei yu ..shi .qu ..shuai zhi you que .wei zhong shan fu bu zhi ..jin ri suo lai yi bi fei kuang jiu .ge fei er gui zhi zheng .zhu chen ze ye .fu sheng ren qi jue wu guo ju zai .gu zhe she guan .liang cai hui chou zu yi .bu bi ze zhi yi jian .bao shi zhang jian wang e .bu bi she ye .mu sheng jin li .sheng xian bu bi yan zhi ye .nai xiu zhai jian jiao .xiang lv jin xiang .tian tao tian yao .xiang lv biao he .jian xing gong shi .gong bu ji li jing ying .qu xiang mi bao .hu bu cha qiu si chu .bi xia wu ju .zhu chen wu shun .wu yi ren wei bi xia zheng yan yan .du yu yu fu zhi feng .chen shan bi xie zhi yi .miao wu wen yi .yu zhi shen ye .ran kui xin nei qi .tui you hou yan .yi cong bi xia .mei mei ben xin .yi ge song bi xia .qi jun zhi zui he ru .fu tian xia zhe .bi xia zhi jia ye .ren wei you bu gu qi jia zhe .nei wai chen gong you guan shou .you yan ze .jie suo yi dian bi xia zhi jia er pan shi zhi ye .yi yi xuan xiu .shi bi xia xin zhi huo ye .guo yu ke duan .shi bi xia qing zhi wei ye .er wei bi xia bu gu qi jia .ren qing hu .zhu chen gu shen jia yi bao yi guan .duo yi qi bai .yi zang bai .bu shi shi bai .you bu zu yi dang bi xia zhi xin zhe .qi bu ran zhe .jun xin chen xin ou bu xiang zhi ye .sui wei bi xia wei jian bao chen gong .zhu chen zheng xin zhi xue wei .suo yan huo bu mian ji si .huo shi xiang shen .cheng ru hu yin rao luan zheng shi zhi shuo .you bu zu yi dang bi xia zhi xin zhe .qi bu ran zhe .jun yi chen yi ou bu xiang zhi ye .sui wei bi xia wei shi ji ju jian .zhi bi xia yi er shi bu dang zhi xing ji .yi bi xia qian bai shi zhi jin ran .xian bi xia wu zhong bu fu .zhu chen qi jun zhi zui da yi ..ji .yue ..shang ren yi ze bai xing huo .xia nan zhi ze jun chang lao ..jin ri zhi wei ye .wei shen jia xin yu ju xin he .chen zhi bu ming .chen yi yi er shi xing ji ji wei zhu chen jie zhi yi .qiu chang sheng xin yu huo xin he .you ci yu chen .jun dao bu zheng .chen qing zai wei bi xia kai zhi .bi xia zhi wu duo yi .da duan zai xiu jiao .xiu jiao suo yi qiu chang sheng ye .zi gu sheng xian zhi shuo xiu shen li ming .zhi shuo shun shou qi zheng .gai tian di fu yu yu ren er wei xing ming zhe .ci jin zhi yi .yao .shun .yu .tang .wen .wu zhi jun .sheng zhi sheng ye .wei neng jiu shi bu zhong .xia zhi .yi wei jian fang wai shi zi han .tang .song cun zhi jin ri .shi bi xia de yi fang qi shu zhe tao zhong wen .bi xia yi shi hu zhi .zhong wen ze ji si yi .zhong wen shang bu neng chang sheng .er bi xia du he qiu zhi .zhi wei tian ci xian tao yao wan .guai wang you shen .fu xi shi wang tian xia .long ma chu he .yin ze qi wen yi hua ba gua .yu zhi shui shi .shen gui fu wen er lie qi bei .yin er di zhi .yi cheng bi chou .he tu luo shu shi you ci rui wu .yi xie wan gu bu chuan zhi mi .tian bu ai dao er xian zhi sheng ren .jie sheng ren yi kai shi tian xia .you zhi ri yue xing chen zhi bu lie .er li shu cheng yan .fei xu wang ye .song zhen zong huo tian shu yu gan you shan .sun shi jian yue ..tian he yan zai .qi you shu ye ..tao bi cai er hou de .yao you ren gong dao yi cheng zhe ye .zi wu yin er zhi .tao yao shi you zu er xing ye .tian ci zhi zhe .you shou zhi er fu zhi ye .bi xia xuan xiu duo nian yi .yi wu suo de .zhi jin ri .zuo you jian ren ni bi xia xuan xiu wang nian .qu qu tao yao zhi chang sheng .li zhi suo wu .er xuan xiu zhi wu yi ke zhi yi .bi xia you jiang wei xuan xing shang yi du lv chen xia .fen li you ren .tian xia wu bu ke zhi .er xuan xiu wu hai yi hu .fu ren you er xue .ji wu zhi jun ze min yi shi zhi xue .zhuang er xing .yi wu zhi jun ze min shu yong zhi xin ..tai jia .yue ..you yan ni yu ru zhi .bi qiu zhu dao .you yan xun yu ru zhi .bi qiu zhu fei dao ..yan shun zhe zhi wei bi wei dao ye .ji jin shi guan .yan song you yi bu shun bi xia zhe hu .xi wei tan qie .jin wei ni ben .liang cai shou dao shou guan .bi xia yi wei ni zhe ye .li ren you sheng .guan hu bu zhe yi you shou cheng zhi .sui jin ri yan song chao mei .bai guan you ti xin yan .wu yong yu ji hui qiu qian .shao zi xi di .ran yan song ba xiang zhi hou .you yan song wei xiang zhi qian er yi .zhu chen ning wei yan song zhi shun .bu wei liang cai zhi zhi .jin shen zhe tan qiu .wei shen zhe ai ri .jian cheng yu ren zhe .yi lang miao shan lin jiao zhan re zhong .gu tu yi wei .gou ju gu shi .jie ji ge wu .ren tian xia zhong .shi she ji ling chang zhong bi lai zhi zhe .wei jian qi ren yan .de fei you suo qian zhi qi xin .wei neng chun ran jing bai shi ran hu .bi xia yu zhu chen wei yu xing er mo wei ye .er ze zhi yi xiao zhong .fu zhi yi yi wei ming ting ye .you yu qi shun hu xuan xiu tu mu zhi yu .shi gu gong er mu bu wei fu xin wei ye .er zi wei shi ting chi xing zhi yong .you chen ru yi .yan yan .ke yi cheng .de zhi yu min you zhi .zhi ye .wu shi li ye .bi xia cheng zhi xuan xiu wu yi .chen zhi gai xing .min zhi xiao you .tian xia zhi an yu bu an .zhi yu bu zhi you zhi .fan ran wu hui .ri shi zheng chao .yu zai fu .jiu qing .shi cong .yan guan jiang qiu tian xia li hai .xi shu shi nian jun dao zhi wu .zhi qi shen yu yao .shun .yu .tang .wen .wu zhi shang .shi qi chen yi de xi shu shi nian a jun zhi chi .zhi qi shen yu gao tao .yi .fu zhi lie .xiang wei hou xian .ming liang xi qi .du yu yu fu .nei zhi huan guan gong qie .wai zhi guang lu si chu yi .jin yi wei en yin .zhu ya men dai feng .ju fan wu shi er guan zhe yi duo yi .shang zhi nei cang nei ku .xia zhi hu .gong bu .guang lu si zhu chang .duan juan .liang liao .zhu ding .qi yong .mu cai zhu wu .duo er ji yu wu yong .yong zhi fei suo yi yong .yi duo yi .zhu chen bi you wei bi xia yan zhe .zhu chen yan zhi .bi xia xing zhi .ci ze zai bi xia yi jie sheng jian er yi .jing shi zhi yi jin .tian ye zhi bai jin ye .yi jie sheng er guo you yu yong .min you gai cang .bu zhi qi ji ye .er bi xia he bu wei zhi .guan you zhi zhang .xian nian zhi shou zhi zheng .zhi shou zhi quan er wei xing zhi .jin ri zhi shou zhi fei .zhi shou zhi gou qie yin xun .bu ren zhen .bu jin fa er zi yi wei shi .dun ben xing yi duan shi xi .zhi shang na yi qing shi tu .jiu ren li jiang yi ze cheng gong .lian xuan jun shi yi mian zhao mu .qu zi huang you shi yi gui si min .ze fu zhou xian jian ju fu jiao shi cheng li su .fu tun yan ben se yi yu bian chu .jun tian fu ding cha yi su kun bi .ju tian xia guan zhi qin yu .jiang zhi qie nuo .li zhi wei jian .xing zhi wu shao gu xi yan .bi shi zhi ren .bo hou gao ming you yuan zhi ye .zhu chen bi you bi xia yan zhe .zhu chen yan zhi .bi xia xing zhi .ci ze zai bi xia yi zhen zuo jian er yi .yi zhen zuo er zhu fei ju ju .bai bi chan jue .tang .yu san dai zhi zhi can ran fu xing yi .er bi xia he bu xing zhi .jie sheng zhi .zhen zuo zhi .you fei you suo lao yu bi xia ye .jiu qing zong qi gang .bai zhi fen qi ren .fu an ke dao jiu ju su qing zhi yu qi jian .bi xia chi da gang .ji zhi yao er ze cheng yan .lao yu qiu xian .yi yu ren yong ru tian yun yu shang .er si shi liu qi ge de qi xu .gong ji wu wei zhi dao ye .tian di wan wu wei yi ti .gu you zhi xing ye .min wu xi qia .xun wei tai he .er bi xia xing fen zhong zi you zhen le yi .ke yi zan tian di zhi hua yu .ze ke yu tian di can .dao yu tian tong .ming you wo li .er bi xia xing fen zhong zi you zhen shou yi .ci li zhi suo you zhe .ke xuan zhi er li you xiao zhe ye .ruo fu fu shi bu zhong zhi yao .yao wang qing ju .li zhi suo wu zhe ye .li zhi suo wu .er qie qie ran san jue lu .song jing shen .xuan xiu qiu zhi .xuan si zao xiang .xi feng bo ying .zhong qi shen ru si er yi yi .qiu zhi qi ke de hu .fu jun dao bu zheng .chen zhi bu ming .ci tian xia di yi shi ye .yu ci bu yan .geng fu he yan .da chen chi lu er wai wei yu .xiao chen wei zui er mian wei shun .bi xia you bu de zhi er gai zhi xing zhi zhe .chen mei hen yan .shi yi mei si jie zhong .quan quan wei bi xia yan zhi .yi fan qing yi xiang zhi jian .er tian xia zhi zhi yu bu zhi .min wu zhi an yu bu an jue yan .fu wei bi xia liu shen .zong she xing shen .tian xia xing shen .chen bu sheng zhan li kong ju zhi zhi .wei ci ju ben qin ji .jin ju zou wen .ru ye mo chou mi xia lu .xi ren you zai zhu liu ying .yi dian liang feng shi jie qing .chu diao hu jing qi yu zhu .han gong ying yi shi jin jing .fei zhan mei hong .nen fan he lv .wei liang shi qi qing ping .ren jian fu ai .du shu lao ren xing .lei jian gao ya da dao .xun liang zhi .shi chu bin bin .tang yin li .feng bei ji de .ren ai jia sheng min .zi mo hong chen fu mian lai .wu ren bu dao kan hua hui .xuan du guan li tao qian shu .jin shi liu lang qu hou zai .dao chu you tong ren .duo wei fu yu wen .shi zhong nan de you .hu pan xi feng jun .yan gu chun lai jin xiu shu .yan wu xiao se zheng chou yu .lou tai yi zhong ming shan jia .liao de jia cang zhong shu shu .jiu se cai qi chang zui hou fang he ai .bu zui shi you shen si .zao yan liang ge gong ming zi .pei yan qian gu xing wang shi .qu mai wan zhang hong ni zhi .bu da shi jie xiao qu yuan fei .dan zhi yin jin shuo tao qian shi .hua shang you zhong kai ri .ren jue wu zai shao nian .qia qing huan chun zhou hong zhuang mian .zheng qing nong xia ri shuang fei yan .zao qing shu qiu mu he huan shan .wu ling xi yin ru gui men guan .chu yang tai jia dao sen luo dian .lv zhu jiao ren wu bi .shi chong fu huo you yu .quan jia er lao you zao zhu lu .ban he er tang cang wu jin yu .liang ban er jing wu shang qing xu .an chen mai jin bu zhang hua bian .luan chan ming jin gu yuan zhong shu .xing hai sui hong chen hua .gong ming xiang qing shi biao .qi ying xiong shi ye zhen kan xiao .liu hao wang zong ji ping ru sao .liang xia li zheng zhan tu qian nao .yi bi xiang dan yan shuai cao ba wang cheng .yi bi xiang xi feng luo ri gao huang miao .

采呀采呀采《芣苢》佚名 古诗，采呀采呀采得来。
167、脉脉（mò mò）：凝视的样子。今日与我家贤侍郎共为竹林之宴饮，就像阮咸与叔父阮籍一样。酒过三杯，请(qing)容许我酒醉之后高迈不羁之态。
⑥旗：星名。星旗：就是旗星，古代人认为它(ta)代表战争。《史记·天官书》：“房(fang)心东北曲十二星曰旗。”映：照耀，映照。疏勒：汉代西域的诸国之一，王都疏勒城在今新疆维吾尔族自治区疏勒县。带着病进入新的一年面对春色有感而发。
①雨歇句：此言秋雨停了，梧桐树叶不再滴雨，好像是停止了它滴滴的眼泪。单独飞行的时候就像一片巨大的雪花飘，可是它却可以明察百里以外的毫毛。
⒉遽：竞争。　　蓬(peng)莱仙山上一株株干枯老树托着苍苍茫茫的乱云，禾黍行管高低不齐，山孤野兔游窜纷纭，处处断碑残垣，空留下陈旧古迹，满目只见一片黄尘。东晋败亡后再也难寻找书圣王羲之，西施去世后从此再不见绝代佳人，看大海总是烟气朦胧，听不到杜鹃鸟啼叫，天地间不见一丝春意留存。
（11）仲春令月：春季的第二个月，即(ji)农历二月。令月：美好的月份。分成两方对弈各自进子，着着强劲紧紧相逼。
⑨镜中路：湖水如镜。商声清切而悲伤,随风飘发多凄凉!这悲弦奏到"中曲",便渐渐舒徐迟荡回旋.
啼鴂（jué）：悲鸣的杜鹃。鴂，伯劳鸟：“楚、越间声音特异，啼鴂舌踔噪，今听之恬然不怪。”屈原《离骚》：“恐鶗鴂之先鸣兮，使夫百草为之不劳。”

　　该文与《马说》同是宣扬重用人才的文章。然而写法自有不同。作者在本文中匠心独运，用“伯乐一过冀北之野，而马群遂空”比喻“大乌公一镇河阳，而东都处士之庐无人”，赞颂乌重胤慧眼识贤、善于荐拔人才；又用“私怨于尽取”反衬乌公“为天子得文武士于幕下”的难得可贵，石处士和温处士隐居在洛阳一带，韩愈与他们的关系密切，都是好朋友。石处士因大义而征召，温处士也因大义应聘出仕。这篇文章就是在送温处士时写的。文章赞扬了温处士出众的才能和乌大夫善于识人、用人的德才，作者惜别了两个老朋友，心里难过。但更希望人尽其才，他们都能得到任用，表达了为朝廷得到人才而欣慰以及自己失友的惋惜心情。
　　“少无适俗韵，性本爱丘山。”所谓“适俗韵”无非是逢迎世俗、周旋应酬、钻营取巧的那种情态、那种本领，这是诗人从来就未曾学会的东西。作为一个真诚率直的人，其本性与淳朴的乡村、宁静的自然，似乎有一种内在的共通之处，所以“爱丘山”。前二句表露了作者清高孤傲、与世不合的性格，看破官场后，执意离开，对官场黑暗的不满和绝望。为全诗定下一个基调，同时又是一个伏笔，它是诗人进入官场却终于辞官归田的根本原因。
　　屈原所处时代的楚国《招魂》屈原 古诗习俗，不一定与今日纳西族完全一样。但是，《招魂》屈原 古诗的基本文化内涵应当是相同的，即引导死者的灵魂回归故里家乡。这在《《招魂》屈原 古诗》中是非常明确的，例如“魂兮归来，入修门些。工祝招君，背行先些。秦篝齐缕，郑锦络些。招具该备，永啸呼些。魂兮归来，反故居些。”描述的正是巫师倒退着，拿着盛放灵魂的竹篓，引导灵魂返归家乡的场景。
　　这首诗是《红楼梦》中林黛玉惜“古史中有才色的女子”的寄慨之作。林黛玉自谓：“曾见古史中有才色的女子，终身遭际令人可欣、可羡、可悲、可叹者甚多，……胡乱凑几首诗，以寄感慨。”恰好被贾宝玉翻见，将这组诗题为《五美吟》。《《五美吟·明妃》曹雪芹 古诗》就是其中之一。
　　李白这首《《长歌行》李白 古诗》深受同题古辞的影响。《长歌行》李白 古诗古辞或写及时建功立业，不要老大伤悲；或写游仙服药，延年长寿；或写游子思乡，感伤人命短促。陆机《《长歌行》李白 古诗》恨功名薄，竹帛无宣；谢灵运《《长歌行》李白 古诗》感时光流速，壮志消磨；梁元帝《《长歌行》李白 古诗》写及时行乐；沈约《《长歌行》李白 古诗》写羁旅行后倦恋金华殿，功名未著，竹帛难宣。总之李白之前运用《长歌行》李白 古诗古题者，均触景感时，抒写悲伤之情，寄寓着他们对美好人生的追求，以及追求不得的怅惘感伤的心灵。李白由此感悟人生，联想反思自己功业无成，游仙不果，重蹈古人的覆辙，陷入痛苦之中，不抒不快。于是尽情倾吞，激昂文字，悲歌式的心灵，融汇着千古人所共有的情愫，感发着人意，体验着人生的苦乐。
　　最后两句则形容梅花多变，不断给人以新貌。“今来渐异昨，向晚判胜朝”，一树树梅花，今天所见和昨天所见有异，早上与晚上有别，描写出梅花由花苞逐渐开到完全开放的不断变化。“向晚判胜朝”言其梅花越开越美，不断给人以赏心悦目之感。
　　“玉梯”，楼梯、阶梯的美称。“横绝”，即横度。南朝诗人江淹《倡妇自悲赋》写汉宫佳人失宠独居，有“青苔积兮银阁涩，网罗生兮玉梯虚”之句。“玉梯虚”是说玉梯虚设，无人来登。此诗的“玉梯横绝”，是说玉梯横断，无由得上，喻指情人被阻，不能来此相会。原来，主人公渴望见到心上人，情不自禁地要上楼眺望；突然想到他不能前来，于是停下了脚步。唉，不望也罢，免得再添一段新愁。就在这迟疑进退间，天上一弯新月洒下淡淡的清辉，将她的无限思念与失望投射在孤寂的身影中。“月如钩”，一作“月中钩”，不仅烘托了环境的寂寞与凄清，还有象征意义：月儿的缺而不圆，就像是一对情人的不得会合。