涨减水愈急，秋阴未夕昏。乱山成野戍，黄叶自江村。带雨疏星见，回风绝岸喧。经过多战舰，茅屋几家存？日本人之称我中国也，一则曰老大帝国，再则曰老大帝国。是语也，盖袭译欧西人之言也。呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？梁启超曰：恶！是何言！是何言！吾心目中有一少年中国在！欲言国之老少，请先言人之老少。老年人常思既往，少年人常思将来。惟思既往也，故生留恋心；惟思将来也，故生希望心。惟留恋也，故保守；惟希望也，故进取。惟保守也，故永旧；惟进取也，故日新。惟思既往也，事事皆其所已经者，故惟知照例；惟思将来也，事事皆其所未经者，故常敢破格。老年人常多忧虑，少年人常好行乐。惟多忧也，故灰心；惟行乐也，故盛气。惟灰心也，故怯懦；惟盛气也，故豪壮。惟怯懦也，故苟且；惟豪壮也，故冒险。惟苟且也，故能灭世界；惟冒险也，故能造世界。老年人常厌事，少年人常喜事。惟厌事也，故常觉一切事无可为者；惟好事也，故常觉一切事无不可为者。老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎。老年人如僧，少年人如侠。老年人如字典，少年人如戏文。老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如泼兰地酒。老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大洋海之珊瑚岛。老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西比利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春前之草。老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源。此老年与少年性格不同之大略也。任公曰：人固有之，国亦宜然。梁启超曰：伤哉，老大也！浔阳江头琵琶妇，当明月绕船，枫叶瑟瑟，衾寒于铁，似梦非梦之时，追想洛阳尘中春花秋月之佳趣。西宫南内，白发宫娥，一灯如穗，三五对坐，谈开元、天宝间遗事，谱《霓裳羽衣曲》。青门种瓜人，左对孺人，顾弄孺子，忆侯门似海珠履杂沓之盛事。拿破仑之流于厄蔑，阿剌飞之幽于锡兰，与三两监守吏，或过访之好事者，道当年短刀匹马驰骋中原，席卷欧洲，血战海楼，一声叱咤，万国震恐之丰功伟烈，初而拍案，继而抚髀，终而揽镜。呜唿，面皴齿尽，白发盈把，颓然老矣！若是者，舍幽郁之外无心事，舍悲惨之外无天地，舍颓唐之外无日月，舍叹息之外无音声，舍待死之外无事业。美人豪杰且然，而况寻常碌碌者耶？生平亲友，皆在墟墓；起居饮食，待命于人。今日且过，遑知他日？今年且过，遑恤明年？普天下灰心短气之事，未有甚于老大者。于此人也，而欲望以拏云之手段，回天之事功，挟山超海之意气，能乎不能？呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？立乎今日以指畴昔，唐虞三代，若何之郅治；秦皇汉武，若何之雄杰；汉唐来之文学，若何之隆盛；康干间之武功，若何之烜赫。历史家所铺叙，词章家所讴歌，何一非我国民少年时代良辰美景、赏心乐事之陈迹哉！而今颓然老矣！昨日割五城，明日割十城，处处雀鼠尽，夜夜鸡犬惊。十八省之土地财产，已为人怀中之肉；四百兆之父兄子弟，已为人注籍之奴，岂所谓“老大嫁作商人妇”者耶？呜唿！凭君莫话当年事，憔悴韶光不忍看！楚囚相对，岌岌顾影，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。国为待死之国，一国之民为待死之民。万事付之奈何，一切凭人作弄，亦何足怪！任公曰：我中国其果老大矣乎？是今日全地球之一大问题也。如其老大也，则是中国为过去之国，即地球上昔本有此国，而今渐澌灭，他日之命运殆将尽也。如其非老大也，则是中国为未来之国，即地球上昔未现此国，而今渐发达，他日之前程且方长也。欲断今日之中国为老大耶？为少年耶？则不可不先明“国”字之意义。夫国也者，何物也？有土地，有人民，以居于其土地之人民，而治其所居之土地之事，自制法律而自守之；有主权，有服从，人人皆主权者，人人皆服从者。夫如是，斯谓之完全成立之国，地球上之有完全成立之国也，自百年以来也。完全成立者，壮年之事也。未能完全成立而渐进于完全成立者，少年之事也。故吾得一言以断之曰：欧洲列邦在今日为壮年国，而我中国在今日为少年国。夫古昔之中国者，虽有国之名，而未成国之形也。或为家族之国，或为酋长之国，或为诸侯封建之国，或为一王专制之国。虽种类不一，要之，其于国家之体质也，有其一部而缺其一部。正如婴儿自胚胎以迄成童，其身体之一二官支，先行长成，此外则全体虽粗具，然未能得其用也。故唐虞以前为胚胎时代，殷周之际为乳哺时代，由孔子而来至于今为童子时代。逐渐发达，而今乃始将入成童以上少年之界焉。其长成所以若是之迟者，则历代之民贼有窒其生机者也。譬犹童年多病，转类老态，或且疑其死期之将至焉，而不知皆由未完成未成立也。非过去之谓，而未来之谓也。且我中国畴昔，岂尝有国家哉？不过有朝廷耳！我黄帝子孙，聚族而居，立于此地球之上者既数千年，而问其国之为何名，则无有也。夫所谓唐、虞、夏、商、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清者，则皆朝名耳。朝也者，一家之私产也。国也者，人民之公产也。朝有朝之老少，国有国之老少。朝与国既异物，则不能以朝之老少而指为国之老少明矣。文、武、成、康，周朝之少年时代也。幽、厉、桓、赧，则其老年时代也。高、文、景、武，汉朝之少年时代也。元、平、桓、灵，则其老年时代也。自余历朝，莫不有之。凡此者谓为一朝廷之老也则可，谓为一国之老也则不可。一朝廷之老旦死，犹一人之老且死也，于吾所谓中国者何与焉。然则，吾中国者，前此尚未出现于世界，而今乃始萌芽云尔。天地大矣，前途辽矣。美哉我少年中国乎！玛志尼者，意大利三杰之魁也。以国事被罪，逃窜异邦。乃创立一会，名曰“少年意大利”。举国志士，云涌雾集以应之。卒乃光复旧物，使意大利为欧洲之一雄邦。夫意大利者，欧洲之第一老大国也。自罗马亡后，土地隶于教皇，政权归于奥国，殆所谓老而濒于死者矣。而得一玛志尼，且能举全国而少年之，况我中国之实为少年时代者耶！堂堂四百余州之国土，凛凛四百余兆之国民，岂遂无一玛志尼其人者！龚自珍氏之集有诗一章，题曰《能令公少年行》。吾尝爱读之，而有味乎其用意之所存。我国民而自谓其国之老大也，斯果老大矣；我国民而自知其国之少年也，斯乃少年矣。西谚有之曰：“有三岁之翁，有百岁之童。”然则，国之老少，又无定形，而实随国民之心力以为消长者也。吾见乎玛志尼之能令国少年也，吾又见乎我国之官吏士民能令国老大也。吾为此惧！夫以如此壮丽浓郁翩翩绝世之少年中国，而使欧西日本人谓我为老大者，何也？则以握国权者皆老朽之人也。非哦几十年八股，非写几十年白折，非当几十年差，非捱几十年俸，非递几十年手本，非唱几十年喏，非磕几十年头，非请几十年安，则必不能得一官、进一职。其内任卿贰以上，外任监司以上者，百人之中，其五官不备者，殆九十六七人也。非眼盲则耳聋，非手颤则足跛，否则半身不遂也。彼其一身饮食步履视听言语，尚且不能自了，须三四人左右扶之捉之，乃能度日，于此而乃欲责之以国事，是何异立无数木偶而使治天下也！且彼辈者，自其少壮之时既已不知亚细亚、欧罗巴为何处地方，汉祖唐宗是那朝皇帝，犹嫌其顽钝腐败之未臻其极，又必搓磨之，陶冶之，待其脑髓已涸，血管已塞，气息奄奄，与鬼为邻之时，然后将我二万里山河，四万万人命，一举而界于其手。呜唿！老大帝国，诚哉其老大也！而彼辈者，积其数十年之八股、白折、当差、捱俸、手本、唱喏、磕头、请安，千辛万苦，千苦万辛，乃始得此红顶花翎之服色，中堂大人之名号，乃出其全副精神，竭其毕生力量，以保持之。如彼乞儿拾金一锭，虽轰雷盘旋其顶上，而两手犹紧抱其荷包，他事非所顾也，非所知也，非所闻也。于此而告之以亡国也，瓜分也，彼乌从而听之，乌从而信之！即使果亡矣，果分矣，而吾今年七十矣，八十矣，但求其一两年内，洋人不来，强盗不起，我已快活过了一世矣！若不得已，则割三头两省之土地奉申贺敬，以换我几个衙门；卖三几百万之人民作仆为奴，以赎我一条老命，有何不可？有何难办？呜唿！今之所谓老后、老臣、老将、老吏者，其修身齐家治国平天下之手段，皆具于是矣。西风一夜催人老，凋尽朱颜白尽头。使走无常当医生，携催命符以祝寿，嗟乎痛哉！以此为国，是安得不老且死，且吾恐其未及岁而殇也。任公曰：造成今日之老大中国者，则中国老朽之冤业也。制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。彼老朽者何足道，彼与此世界作别之日不远矣，而我少年乃新来而与世界为缘。如僦屋者然，彼明日将迁居他方，而我今日始入此室处。将迁居者，不爱护其窗栊，不洁治其庭庑，俗人恒情，亦何足怪！若我少年者，前程浩浩，后顾茫茫。中国而为牛为马为奴为隶，则烹脔鞭棰之惨酷，惟我少年当之。中国如称霸宇内，主盟地球，则指挥顾盼之尊荣，惟我少年享之。于彼气息奄奄与鬼为邻者何与焉？彼而漠然置之，犹可言也。我而漠然置之，不可言也。使举国之少年而果为少年也，则吾中国为未来之国，其进步未可量也。使举国之少年而亦为老大也，则吾中国为过去之国，其澌亡可翘足而待也。故今日之责任，不在他人，而全在我少年。少年智则国智，少年富则国富；少年强则国强，少年独立则国独立；少年自由则国自由；少年进步则国进步；少年胜于欧洲，则国胜于欧洲；少年雄于地球，则国雄于地球。红日初升，其道大光。河出伏流，一泻汪洋。潜龙腾渊，鳞爪飞扬。乳虎啸谷，百兽震惶。鹰隼试翼，风尘翕张。奇花初胎，矞矞皇皇。干将发硎，有作其芒。天戴其苍，地履其黄。纵有千古，横有八荒。前途似海，来日方长。美哉我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉我中国少年，与国无疆！“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切。”此岳武穆《满江红》词句也，作者自六岁时即口受记忆，至今喜诵之不衰。自今以往，弃“哀时客”之名，更自名曰“少年中国之少年”。南岐在秦蜀山谷中，其水甘而不良，凡饮之者辄病瘿，故其地之民无一人无瘿者。及见外方人至，则群小妇人聚观而笑之曰：“异哉，人之颈也！焦而不吾类！”外方人曰：“尔垒然凸出于颈者，瘿病之也，不求善药去尔病，反以吾颈为焦耶？”笑者曰：“吾乡之人皆然，焉用去乎哉！”终莫知其为丑。万帐穹庐人醉，星影摇摇欲坠，归梦隔狼河，又被河声搅碎。还睡、还睡，解道醒来无味。卷尽愁云，素娥临夜新梳洗。暗尘不起。酥润凌波地。 辇路重来，仿佛灯前事。情如水。小楼熏被。春梦笙歌里。下马饮君酒，问君何所之？君言不得意，归卧南山陲。但去莫复问，白云无尽时。余尝游于京师侯家富人之园，见其所蓄，自绝徼海外奇花石无所不致，而所不能致者惟竹。吾江南人斩竹而薪之，其为园，亦必购求海外奇花石，或千钱买一石、百钱买一花，不自惜。然有竹据其间，或芟而去焉，曰：“毋以是占我花石地。”而京师人苟可致一竹，辄不惜数千钱；然才遇霜雪，又藁以死。以其难致而又多藁死，则人益贵之。而江南人甚或笑之曰：“京师人乃宝吾之所薪。”呜唿！奇花石诚为京师与江南人所贵。然穷其所生之地，则绝徼海外之人视之，吾意其亦无以甚异于竹之在江以南。而绝徼海外，或素不产竹之地，然使其人一旦见竹，吾意其必又有甚于京师人之宝之者。是将不胜笑也。语云：“人去乡则益贱，物去乡则益贵。”以此言之，世之好丑，亦何常之有乎！余舅光禄任君治园于荆溪之上，遍植以竹，不植他木。竹间作一小楼，暇则与客吟啸其中。而间谓余曰：“吾不能与有力者争池亭花石之胜，独此取诸土之所有，可以不劳力而蓊然满园，亦足适也。因自谓竹溪主人。甥其为我记之。”余以谓君岂真不能与有力者争，而漫然取诸其土之所有者？无乃独有所深好于竹，而不欲以告人欤？昔人论竹，以为绝无声色臭味可好。故其巧怪不如石，其妖艳绰约不如花。孑孑然有似乎偃蹇孤特之士，不可以谐于俗。是以自古以来，知好竹者绝少。且彼京师人亦岂能知而贵之？不过欲以此斗富，与奇花石等耳。故京师人之贵竹，与江南人之不贵竹，其为不知竹一也。君生长于纷华而能不溺乎其中，裘马、僮奴、歌舞，凡诸富人所酣嗜，一切斥去。尤挺挺不妄与人交，凛然有偃蹇孤特之气，此其于竹，必有自得焉。而举凡万物可喜可玩，固有不能间也欤？然则虽使竹非其土之所有，君犹将极其力以致之，而后快乎其心。君之力虽使能尽致奇花石，而其好固有不存也。嗟乎！竹固可以不出江南而取贵也哉！吾重有所感矣！水亭花上三更月，扇与人闲。弄影阑干。玉燕重抽拢坠簪。 心期偷卜新莲子，秋入眉山。翠破红残。半簟湘波生晓寒。走马西来欲到天，辞家见月两回圆。今夜不知何处宿，平沙万里绝人烟。

zhang jian shui yu ji .qiu yin wei xi hun .luan shan cheng ye shu .huang ye zi jiang cun .dai yu shu xing jian .hui feng jue an xuan .jing guo duo zhan jian .mao wu ji jia cun .ri ben ren zhi cheng wo zhong guo ye .yi ze yue lao da di guo .zai ze yue lao da di guo .shi yu ye .gai xi yi ou xi ren zhi yan ye .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .liang qi chao yue .e .shi he yan .shi he yan .wu xin mu zhong you yi shao nian zhong guo zai .yu yan guo zhi lao shao .qing xian yan ren zhi lao shao .lao nian ren chang si ji wang .shao nian ren chang si jiang lai .wei si ji wang ye .gu sheng liu lian xin .wei si jiang lai ye .gu sheng xi wang xin .wei liu lian ye .gu bao shou .wei xi wang ye .gu jin qu .wei bao shou ye .gu yong jiu .wei jin qu ye .gu ri xin .wei si ji wang ye .shi shi jie qi suo yi jing zhe .gu wei zhi zhao li .wei si jiang lai ye .shi shi jie qi suo wei jing zhe .gu chang gan po ge .lao nian ren chang duo you lv .shao nian ren chang hao xing le .wei duo you ye .gu hui xin .wei xing le ye .gu sheng qi .wei hui xin ye .gu qie nuo .wei sheng qi ye .gu hao zhuang .wei qie nuo ye .gu gou qie .wei hao zhuang ye .gu mao xian .wei gou qie ye .gu neng mie shi jie .wei mao xian ye .gu neng zao shi jie .lao nian ren chang yan shi .shao nian ren chang xi shi .wei yan shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu ke wei zhe .wei hao shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu bu ke wei zhe .lao nian ren ru xi zhao .shao nian ren ru chao yang .lao nian ren ru ji niu .shao nian ren ru ru hu .lao nian ren ru seng .shao nian ren ru xia .lao nian ren ru zi dian .shao nian ren ru xi wen .lao nian ren ru ya pian yan .shao nian ren ru po lan di jiu .lao nian ren ru bie xing xing zhi yun shi .shao nian ren ru da yang hai zhi shan hu dao .lao nian ren ru ai ji sha mo zhi jin zi ta .shao nian ren ru xi bi li ya zhi tie lu .lao nian ren ru qiu hou zhi liu .shao nian ren ru chun qian zhi cao .lao nian ren ru si hai zhi zhu wei ze .shao nian ren ru chang jiang zhi chu fa yuan .ci lao nian yu shao nian xing ge bu tong zhi da lue ye .ren gong yue .ren gu you zhi .guo yi yi ran .liang qi chao yue .shang zai .lao da ye .xun yang jiang tou pi pa fu .dang ming yue rao chuan .feng ye se se .qin han yu tie .si meng fei meng zhi shi .zhui xiang luo yang chen zhong chun hua qiu yue zhi jia qu .xi gong nan nei .bai fa gong e .yi deng ru sui .san wu dui zuo .tan kai yuan .tian bao jian yi shi .pu .ni shang yu yi qu ..qing men zhong gua ren .zuo dui ru ren .gu nong ru zi .yi hou men si hai zhu lv za da zhi sheng shi .na po lun zhi liu yu e mie .a la fei zhi you yu xi lan .yu san liang jian shou li .huo guo fang zhi hao shi zhe .dao dang nian duan dao pi ma chi cheng zhong yuan .xi juan ou zhou .xue zhan hai lou .yi sheng chi zha .wan guo zhen kong zhi feng gong wei lie .chu er pai an .ji er fu bi .zhong er lan jing .wu hu .mian cun chi jin .bai fa ying ba .tui ran lao yi .ruo shi zhe .she you yu zhi wai wu xin shi .she bei can zhi wai wu tian di .she tui tang zhi wai wu ri yue .she tan xi zhi wai wu yin sheng .she dai si zhi wai wu shi ye .mei ren hao jie qie ran .er kuang xun chang lu lu zhe ye .sheng ping qin you .jie zai xu mu .qi ju yin shi .dai ming yu ren .jin ri qie guo .huang zhi ta ri .jin nian qie guo .huang xu ming nian .pu tian xia hui xin duan qi zhi shi .wei you shen yu lao da zhe .yu ci ren ye .er yu wang yi na yun zhi shou duan .hui tian zhi shi gong .xie shan chao hai zhi yi qi .neng hu bu neng .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .li hu jin ri yi zhi chou xi .tang yu san dai .ruo he zhi zhi zhi .qin huang han wu .ruo he zhi xiong jie .han tang lai zhi wen xue .ruo he zhi long sheng .kang gan jian zhi wu gong .ruo he zhi xuan he .li shi jia suo pu xu .ci zhang jia suo ou ge .he yi fei wo guo min shao nian shi dai liang chen mei jing .shang xin le shi zhi chen ji zai .er jin tui ran lao yi .zuo ri ge wu cheng .ming ri ge shi cheng .chu chu que shu jin .ye ye ji quan jing .shi ba sheng zhi tu di cai chan .yi wei ren huai zhong zhi rou .si bai zhao zhi fu xiong zi di .yi wei ren zhu ji zhi nu .qi suo wei .lao da jia zuo shang ren fu .zhe ye .wu hu .ping jun mo hua dang nian shi .qiao cui shao guang bu ren kan .chu qiu xiang dui .ji ji gu ying .ren ming wei qian .chao bu lv xi .guo wei dai si zhi guo .yi guo zhi min wei dai si zhi min .wan shi fu zhi nai he .yi qie ping ren zuo nong .yi he zu guai .ren gong yue .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .shi jin ri quan di qiu zhi yi da wen ti ye .ru qi lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi ben you ci guo .er jin jian si mie .ta ri zhi ming yun dai jiang jin ye .ru qi fei lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi wei xian ci guo .er jin jian fa da .ta ri zhi qian cheng qie fang chang ye .yu duan jin ri zhi zhong guo wei lao da ye .wei shao nian ye .ze bu ke bu xian ming .guo .zi zhi yi yi .fu guo ye zhe .he wu ye .you tu di .you ren min .yi ju yu qi tu di zhi ren min .er zhi qi suo ju zhi tu di zhi shi .zi zhi fa lv er zi shou zhi .you zhu quan .you fu cong .ren ren jie zhu quan zhe .ren ren jie fu cong zhe .fu ru shi .si wei zhi wan quan cheng li zhi guo .di qiu shang zhi you wan quan cheng li zhi guo ye .zi bai nian yi lai ye .wan quan cheng li zhe .zhuang nian zhi shi ye .wei neng wan quan cheng li er jian jin yu wan quan cheng li zhe .shao nian zhi shi ye .gu wu de yi yan yi duan zhi yue .ou zhou lie bang zai jin ri wei zhuang nian guo .er wo zhong guo zai jin ri wei shao nian guo .fu gu xi zhi zhong guo zhe .sui you guo zhi ming .er wei cheng guo zhi xing ye .huo wei jia zu zhi guo .huo wei qiu chang zhi guo .huo wei zhu hou feng jian zhi guo .huo wei yi wang zhuan zhi zhi guo .sui zhong lei bu yi .yao zhi .qi yu guo jia zhi ti zhi ye .you qi yi bu er que qi yi bu .zheng ru ying er zi pei tai yi qi cheng tong .qi shen ti zhi yi er guan zhi .xian xing chang cheng .ci wai ze quan ti sui cu ju .ran wei neng de qi yong ye .gu tang yu yi qian wei pei tai shi dai .yin zhou zhi ji wei ru bu shi dai .you kong zi er lai zhi yu jin wei tong zi shi dai .zhu jian fa da .er jin nai shi jiang ru cheng tong yi shang shao nian zhi jie yan .qi chang cheng suo yi ruo shi zhi chi zhe .ze li dai zhi min zei you zhi qi sheng ji zhe ye .pi you tong nian duo bing .zhuan lei lao tai .huo qie yi qi si qi zhi jiang zhi yan .er bu zhi jie you wei wan cheng wei cheng li ye .fei guo qu zhi wei .er wei lai zhi wei ye .qie wo zhong guo chou xi .qi chang you guo jia zai .bu guo you chao ting er .wo huang di zi sun .ju zu er ju .li yu ci di qiu zhi shang zhe ji shu qian nian .er wen qi guo zhi wei he ming .ze wu you ye .fu suo wei tang .yu .xia .shang .zhou .qin .han .wei .jin .song .qi .liang .chen .sui .tang .song .yuan .ming .qing zhe .ze jie chao ming er .chao ye zhe .yi jia zhi si chan ye .guo ye zhe .ren min zhi gong chan ye .chao you chao zhi lao shao .guo you guo zhi lao shao .chao yu guo ji yi wu .ze bu neng yi chao zhi lao shao er zhi wei guo zhi lao shao ming yi .wen .wu .cheng .kang .zhou chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .you .li .huan .nan .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .gao .wen .jing .wu .han chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .yuan .ping .huan .ling .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .zi yu li chao .mo bu you zhi .fan ci zhe wei wei yi chao ting zhi lao ye ze ke .wei wei yi guo zhi lao ye ze bu ke .yi chao ting zhi lao dan si .you yi ren zhi lao qie si ye .yu wu suo wei zhong guo zhe he yu yan .ran ze .wu zhong guo zhe .qian ci shang wei chu xian yu shi jie .er jin nai shi meng ya yun er .tian di da yi .qian tu liao yi .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo hu .ma zhi ni zhe .yi da li san jie zhi kui ye .yi guo shi bei zui .tao cuan yi bang .nai chuang li yi hui .ming yue .shao nian yi da li ..ju guo zhi shi .yun yong wu ji yi ying zhi .zu nai guang fu jiu wu .shi yi da li wei ou zhou zhi yi xiong bang .fu yi da li zhe .ou zhou zhi di yi lao da guo ye .zi luo ma wang hou .tu di li yu jiao huang .zheng quan gui yu ao guo .dai suo wei lao er bin yu si zhe yi .er de yi ma zhi ni .qie neng ju quan guo er shao nian zhi .kuang wo zhong guo zhi shi wei shao nian shi dai zhe ye .tang tang si bai yu zhou zhi guo tu .lin lin si bai yu zhao zhi guo min .qi sui wu yi ma zhi ni qi ren zhe .gong zi zhen shi zhi ji you shi yi zhang .ti yue .neng ling gong shao nian xing ..wu chang ai du zhi .er you wei hu qi yong yi zhi suo cun .wo guo min er zi wei qi guo zhi lao da ye .si guo lao da yi .wo guo min er zi zhi qi guo zhi shao nian ye .si nai shao nian yi .xi yan you zhi yue ..you san sui zhi weng .you bai sui zhi tong ..ran ze .guo zhi lao shao .you wu ding xing .er shi sui guo min zhi xin li yi wei xiao chang zhe ye .wu jian hu ma zhi ni zhi neng ling guo shao nian ye .wu you jian hu wo guo zhi guan li shi min neng ling guo lao da ye .wu wei ci ju .fu yi ru ci zhuang li nong yu pian pian jue shi zhi shao nian zhong guo .er shi ou xi ri ben ren wei wo wei lao da zhe .he ye .ze yi wo guo quan zhe jie lao xiu zhi ren ye .fei o ji shi nian ba gu .fei xie ji shi nian bai zhe .fei dang ji shi nian cha .fei ai ji shi nian feng .fei di ji shi nian shou ben .fei chang ji shi nian nuo .fei ke ji shi nian tou .fei qing ji shi nian an .ze bi bu neng de yi guan .jin yi zhi .qi nei ren qing er yi shang .wai ren jian si yi shang zhe .bai ren zhi zhong .qi wu guan bu bei zhe .dai jiu shi liu qi ren ye .fei yan mang ze er long .fei shou chan ze zu bo .fou ze ban shen bu sui ye .bi qi yi shen yin shi bu lv shi ting yan yu .shang qie bu neng zi liao .xu san si ren zuo you fu zhi zhuo zhi .nai neng du ri .yu ci er nai yu ze zhi yi guo shi .shi he yi li wu shu mu ou er shi zhi tian xia ye .qie bi bei zhe .zi qi shao zhuang zhi shi ji yi bu zhi ya xi ya .ou luo ba wei he chu di fang .han zu tang zong shi na chao huang di .you xian qi wan dun fu bai zhi wei zhen qi ji .you bi cuo mo zhi .tao ye zhi .dai qi nao sui yi he .xue guan yi sai .qi xi yan yan .yu gui wei lin zhi shi .ran hou jiang wo er wan li shan he .si wan wan ren ming .yi ju er jie yu qi shou .wu hu .lao da di guo .cheng zai qi lao da ye .er bi bei zhe .ji qi shu shi nian zhi ba gu .bai zhe .dang cha .ai feng .shou ben .chang nuo .ke tou .qing an .qian xin wan ku .qian ku wan xin .nai shi de ci hong ding hua ling zhi fu se .zhong tang da ren zhi ming hao .nai chu qi quan fu jing shen .jie qi bi sheng li liang .yi bao chi zhi .ru bi qi er shi jin yi ding .sui hong lei pan xuan qi ding shang .er liang shou you jin bao qi he bao .ta shi fei suo gu ye .fei suo zhi ye .fei suo wen ye .yu ci er gao zhi yi wang guo ye .gua fen ye .bi wu cong er ting zhi .wu cong er xin zhi .ji shi guo wang yi .guo fen yi .er wu jin nian qi shi yi .ba shi yi .dan qiu qi yi liang nian nei .yang ren bu lai .qiang dao bu qi .wo yi kuai huo guo liao yi shi yi .ruo bu de yi .ze ge san tou liang sheng zhi tu di feng shen he jing .yi huan wo ji ge ya men .mai san ji bai wan zhi ren min zuo pu wei nu .yi shu wo yi tiao lao ming .you he bu ke .you he nan ban .wu hu .jin zhi suo wei lao hou .lao chen .lao jiang .lao li zhe .qi xiu shen qi jia zhi guo ping tian xia zhi shou duan .jie ju yu shi yi .xi feng yi ye cui ren lao .diao jin zhu yan bai jin tou .shi zou wu chang dang yi sheng .xie cui ming fu yi zhu shou .jie hu tong zai .yi ci wei guo .shi an de bu lao qie si .qie wu kong qi wei ji sui er shang ye .ren gong yue .zao cheng jin ri zhi lao da zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo lao xiu zhi yuan ye ye .zhi chu jiang lai zhi shao nian zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo shao nian zhi ze ren ye .bi lao xiu zhe he zu dao .bi yu ci shi jie zuo bie zhi ri bu yuan yi .er wo shao nian nai xin lai er yu shi jie wei yuan .ru jiu wu zhe ran .bi ming ri jiang qian ju ta fang .er wo jin ri shi ru ci shi chu .jiang qian ju zhe .bu ai hu qi chuang long .bu jie zhi qi ting wu .su ren heng qing .yi he zu guai .ruo wo shao nian zhe .qian cheng hao hao .hou gu mang mang .zhong guo er wei niu wei ma wei nu wei li .ze peng luan bian chui zhi can ku .wei wo shao nian dang zhi .zhong guo ru cheng ba yu nei .zhu meng di qiu .ze zhi hui gu pan zhi zun rong .wei wo shao nian xiang zhi .yu bi qi xi yan yan yu gui wei lin zhe he yu yan .bi er mo ran zhi zhi .you ke yan ye .wo er mo ran zhi zhi .bu ke yan ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er guo wei shao nian ye .ze wu zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .qi jin bu wei ke liang ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er yi wei lao da ye .ze wu zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .qi si wang ke qiao zu er dai ye .gu jin ri zhi ze ren .bu zai ta ren .er quan zai wo shao nian .shao nian zhi ze guo zhi .shao nian fu ze guo fu .shao nian qiang ze guo qiang .shao nian du li ze guo du li .shao nian zi you ze guo zi you .shao nian jin bu ze guo jin bu .shao nian sheng yu ou zhou .ze guo sheng yu ou zhou .shao nian xiong yu di qiu .ze guo xiong yu di qiu .hong ri chu sheng .qi dao da guang .he chu fu liu .yi xie wang yang .qian long teng yuan .lin zhua fei yang .ru hu xiao gu .bai shou zhen huang .ying sun shi yi .feng chen xi zhang .qi hua chu tai .yu yu huang huang .gan jiang fa xing .you zuo qi mang .tian dai qi cang .di lv qi huang .zong you qian gu .heng you ba huang .qian tu si hai .lai ri fang chang .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo .yu tian bu lao .zhuang zai wo zhong guo shao nian .yu guo wu jiang ..san shi gong ming chen yu tu .ba qian li lu yun he yue .mo deng xian .bai liao shao nian tou .kong bei qie ..ci yue wu mu .man jiang hong .ci ju ye .zuo zhe zi liu sui shi ji kou shou ji yi .zhi jin xi song zhi bu shuai .zi jin yi wang .qi .ai shi ke .zhi ming .geng zi ming yue .shao nian zhong guo zhi shao nian ..nan qi zai qin shu shan gu zhong .qi shui gan er bu liang .fan yin zhi zhe zhe bing ying .gu qi di zhi min wu yi ren wu ying zhe .ji jian wai fang ren zhi .ze qun xiao fu ren ju guan er xiao zhi yue ..yi zai .ren zhi jing ye .jiao er bu wu lei ..wai fang ren yue ..er lei ran tu chu yu jing zhe .ying bing zhi ye .bu qiu shan yao qu er bing .fan yi wu jing wei jiao ye ..xiao zhe yue ..wu xiang zhi ren jie ran .yan yong qu hu zai ..zhong mo zhi qi wei chou .wan zhang qiong lu ren zui .xing ying yao yao yu zhui .gui meng ge lang he .you bei he sheng jiao sui .huan shui .huan shui .jie dao xing lai wu wei .juan jin chou yun .su e lin ye xin shu xi .an chen bu qi .su run ling bo di . nian lu zhong lai .fang fo deng qian shi .qing ru shui .xiao lou xun bei .chun meng sheng ge li .xia ma yin jun jiu .wen jun he suo zhi .jun yan bu de yi .gui wo nan shan chui .dan qu mo fu wen .bai yun wu jin shi .yu chang you yu jing shi hou jia fu ren zhi yuan .jian qi suo xu .zi jue jiao hai wai qi hua shi wu suo bu zhi .er suo bu neng zhi zhe wei zhu .wu jiang nan ren zhan zhu er xin zhi .qi wei yuan .yi bi gou qiu hai wai qi hua shi .huo qian qian mai yi shi .bai qian mai yi hua .bu zi xi .ran you zhu ju qi jian .huo shan er qu yan .yue ..wu yi shi zhan wo hua shi di ..er jing shi ren gou ke zhi yi zhu .zhe bu xi shu qian qian .ran cai yu shuang xue .you gao yi si .yi qi nan zhi er you duo gao si .ze ren yi gui zhi .er jiang nan ren shen huo xiao zhi yue ..jing shi ren nai bao wu zhi suo xin ..wu hu .qi hua shi cheng wei jing shi yu jiang nan ren suo gui .ran qiong qi suo sheng zhi di .ze jue jiao hai wai zhi ren shi zhi .wu yi qi yi wu yi shen yi yu zhu zhi zai jiang yi nan .er jue jiao hai wai .huo su bu chan zhu zhi di .ran shi qi ren yi dan jian zhu .wu yi qi bi you you shen yu jing shi ren zhi bao zhi zhe .shi jiang bu sheng xiao ye .yu yun ..ren qu xiang ze yi jian .wu qu xiang ze yi gui ..yi ci yan zhi .shi zhi hao chou .yi he chang zhi you hu .yu jiu guang lu ren jun zhi yuan yu jing xi zhi shang .bian zhi yi zhu .bu zhi ta mu .zhu jian zuo yi xiao lou .xia ze yu ke yin xiao qi zhong .er jian wei yu yue ..wu bu neng yu you li zhe zheng chi ting hua shi zhi sheng .du ci qu zhu tu zhi suo you .ke yi bu lao li er weng ran man yuan .yi zu shi ye .yin zi wei zhu xi zhu ren .sheng qi wei wo ji zhi ..yu yi wei jun qi zhen bu neng yu you li zhe zheng .er man ran qu zhu qi tu zhi suo you zhe .wu nai du you suo shen hao yu zhu .er bu yu yi gao ren yu .xi ren lun zhu .yi wei jue wu sheng se chou wei ke hao .gu qi qiao guai bu ru shi .qi yao yan chuo yue bu ru hua .jie jie ran you si hu yan jian gu te zhi shi .bu ke yi xie yu su .shi yi zi gu yi lai .zhi hao zhu zhe jue shao .qie bi jing shi ren yi qi neng zhi er gui zhi .bu guo yu yi ci dou fu .yu qi hua shi deng er .gu jing shi ren zhi gui zhu .yu jiang nan ren zhi bu gui zhu .qi wei bu zhi zhu yi ye .jun sheng chang yu fen hua er neng bu ni hu qi zhong .qiu ma .tong nu .ge wu .fan zhu fu ren suo han shi .yi qie chi qu .you ting ting bu wang yu ren jiao .lin ran you yan jian gu te zhi qi .ci qi yu zhu .bi you zi de yan .er ju fan wan wu ke xi ke wan .gu you bu neng jian ye yu .ran ze sui shi zhu fei qi tu zhi suo you .jun you jiang ji qi li yi zhi zhi .er hou kuai hu qi xin .jun zhi li sui shi neng jin zhi qi hua shi .er qi hao gu you bu cun ye .jie hu .zhu gu ke yi bu chu jiang nan er qu gui ye zai .wu zhong you suo gan yi .shui ting hua shang san geng yue .shan yu ren xian .nong ying lan gan .yu yan zhong chou long zhui zan . xin qi tou bo xin lian zi .qiu ru mei shan .cui po hong can .ban dian xiang bo sheng xiao han .zou ma xi lai yu dao tian .ci jia jian yue liang hui yuan .jin ye bu zhi he chu su .ping sha wan li jue ren yan .

注：“遥望是(shi)君家，松柏冢累累。”原为“遥望是君家，松柏冢垒垒。”
者：花。一个巴地小女孩骑着牛儿，唱着竹枝词，沿着处处盛开着荷花、铺展菱叶的(de)江岸，慢悠悠地回家。
上头：上面，顶端。为了押韵，“头”不读轻声。鸣啭在风朝霞夜阴晴之日，鸣啭在千门万户开闭之时。
⑥一任二句：紫玉，指笛箫，因截紫竹所制，故名。元陈旅《次韵友人(ren)京华即(ji)事》：“仙女乘鸾吹紫玉，才人骑马勒黄金。”二句煞拍，说当下心境。　　居住在南山脚下，自然饮食起居都与山接近(jin)。四面的山，没有比终南山更高的。而城市当中靠近山的，没有比扶风城更近的了。在离山最近的地方要看到最高的山（即终南山），应该是必然能做到的事。但太守的住处，（开始）还不知道（附近）有山。虽然这对事情的好坏没有什么影响，但是按事物的常理却不该这样的，这就(jiu)是凌虚台修筑的原因（用以观山）。
照夜白：马名。　　若(ruo)石隐居在冥山的山北，有老虎经常蹲在他的篱笆外窥视。若石率领他的家人日夜警惕。日出的时候敲响金属，日落的时候就点起篝火，筑墙、挖坑来防守。一年结束了，老虎不能有所捕获。 一天老虎死(si)了，若石很开心，自己认为老虎死了就没有对自己形成危害的动物了。从此，他放松了警惕和防备，墙坏了不补，篱笆坏了也不修。忽然有一天，有一只貙听到他家的牛羊猪的声音就进去并吃它们。若石不知道它是貙， 赶它走，但貙并不离开；貙像人一样站立起来用爪子抓死了他。有人说：若石只知道其中一个而不知道另一个，他死了也活该。
非子房其谁全之：不是张良，谁又能来保全他呢？虽然已像窦融从关右奏上战表，还应效法陶侃率大军进驻石头。
王凝之：字叔平，大书法家王羲之的第二个儿子，做过江州刺史、左将军、会稽内史等。见(jian)了光秃秃树顶真可哀啊，见了病恹恹树身真可忧。
（1）《山石》韩愈 古诗：这是取诗的首句开头三字为 题，乃旧诗标题的常见用法，它与诗的内容无关。大田宽广不可耕，野草高高长势旺。切莫挂念远方人，惆怅不安心惶惶。
55.南陌：指妓院门外。

　　第一章先写宫室之形胜和主人兄弟之间的和睦友爱。它面山临水，松竹环抱，形势幽雅，位置优越，再加兄弟们和睦友爱，更是好上加好了。其中，“如竹苞矣，如松茂矣”二句，既赞美了环境的优美，又暗喻了主人的品格高洁，语意双关，内涵深厚，可见作者的艺术用心。接着第二章说明，主人建筑宫室，是由于“似续妣祖”，亦即继承祖先的功业，因而家人居住此处，就会更加快乐无间。言下之意，他们的创举，也会造福于子孙后代。这是理解此诗旨意的关键和纲领，此后各章的诗意，也是基于这种思想意识而生发出来的。以下三章，皆就建筑宫室一事本身描述，或远写，或近写，皆极状宫室之壮美。三章“约之阁阁，椓之橐橐”，既写建筑宫室时艰苦而热闹的劳动场面，又写宫室建筑得是那么坚固、严密。捆扎筑板时，绳索“阁阁”发响；夯实房基时，木杵“橐橐”作声，可谓绘形绘声，生动形象。正因为宫室建筑得坚固而紧密，所以“风雨攸除，鸟鼠攸去”，主人“居、处”自然也就安乐了。四章连用四比喻，极写宫室气势的宏大和形势的壮美，可说是博喻赋形，对宫室外形进行了精雕细刻的描绘，表现了作者的丰富想像力。如果说，四章仅写宫室外形，那么第五章就具体描绘宫室本身的情状了。“殖殖其庭”，室前的庭院那么平整；“有觉其楹”，前厦下的楹柱又那么耸直；“哙哙其正”，正厅是宽敞明亮的；“哕哕其冥”，后室也是光明的。这样的宫室，主人居住其中自然十分舒适安宁。
　　一、二句写景状物，描绘杏花临水照影之娇媚。首句点明杏花所处地理位置。“陂”，此处是指池塘。一池碧绿的春水环绕着杏树，预示着勃发的生机。“绕”字用得精巧，既写陂水曲折蜿蜒之流势，又写水花之相依相亲。王安石爱用“绕”字摹写山形水势，如他《江上》一诗中说：“青山缭绕疑无路，忽见千帆隐映来。”在《书湖阴先生壁》（其一）中写到：“一水护田将绿绕，两山排闼送青来。”又在《钟山即事》中说“涧水无声绕竹流”，有清婉、柔媚、幽静之感。
　　清人陈继揆对此诗以幻写真，通过虚无缥缈的描写衬托主人公真切深沉的思念的艺术手法赞赏备至。
　　六首诗中处处流露出李白北上的急切和恶劣天气下不可渡口北上的惆怅与焦虑。诗人以浪漫主义的彩笔，驰骋丰富奇伟的想象，创造出雄伟壮阔的境界，读来使人精神振奋，胸襟开阔。语言也像民歌般自然流畅，明白如话。
　　颔联“离堂思琴瑟，别路绕山川”，“琴瑟”指朋友宴会之乐，源出《小雅·鹿鸣》“我有嘉宾，鼓琴鼓瑟”，是借用丝弦乐器演奏时音韵谐调来比拟情谊深厚的意思。“山川”表示道路遥远，与“琴瑟”作为对仗，相形之下，不由使人泛起内心的波澜：“离堂”把臂，伤“琴瑟”之分离；“别路”迢遥，恨“山川”之缭绕。这两句着意写出了离情的缠绵，令人感慨唏嘘。
　　“一生大笑能几回，斗酒相逢须醉倒。”一个“笑”字，写出岑参和他朋友的本色。宴会中不时地爆发出大笑声，这样的欢会，这样的大笑，一生中也难得有几回，老朋友们端着酒杯相遇在一起，能不为之醉倒。
　　此诗用笔似浅直而意实深曲，前六句以赋体为主，却似比兴（也难怪前人用比附之意去勉强解释）；后六句以比兴为主，反近于赋体。这说明作者深得《诗三百篇》之三昧，而出以五言新体，故为建安以来诗人中之绝唱。