依旧洛里吟窝，华台书隐，心事无怀氏。偃鼠醯鸡空扰扰，海月天风谁寄。珠璧祯祥，斗牛光景，预可占斯世。先生出否，明年方六十岁。绛蜡高烧，银屏倦倚。沉香火暖翠帘低，樽前冷落藏阄戏。人未回，何处寻梅？风雪画桥西。月日，居易白。微之足下：自足下谪江陵至于今，凡枉赠答诗仅百篇。每诗来，或辱序，或辱书，冠于卷首，皆所以陈古今歌诗之义，且自叙为文因缘，与年月之远近也。仆既受足下诗，又谕足下此意，常欲承答来旨，粗论歌诗大端，并自述为文之意，总为一书，致足下前。累岁已来，牵故少暇，间有容隙，或欲为之；又自思所陈，亦无出足下之见；临纸复罢者数四，卒不能成就其志，以至于今。今俟罪浔阳，除盥栉食寝外无余事，因览足下去通州日所留新旧文二十六轴，开卷得意，忽如会面，心所畜者，便欲快言，往往自疑，不知相去万里也。既而愤悱之气，思有所浊，遂追就前志，勉为此书，足下幸试为仆留意一省。夫文，尚矣，三才各有文。天之文三光首之；地之文五材首之；人之文《六经》首之。就《六经》言，《诗》又首之。何者？圣人感人心而天下和平。感人心者，莫先乎情，莫始乎言，莫切乎声，莫深乎义。诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。上自圣贤，下至愚騃，微及豚鱼，幽及鬼神。群分而气同，形异而情一。未有声入而不应、情交而不感者。圣人知其然，因其言，经之以六义；缘其声，纬之以五音。音有韵，义有类。韵协则言顺，言顺则声易入；类举则情见，情见则感易交。于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。五帝三皇所以直道而行、垂拱而理者，揭此以为大柄，决此以为大窦也。故闻“元首明，股肱良”之歌，则知虞道昌矣。闻五子洛汭之歌，则知夏政荒矣。言者无罪，闻者足诫，言者闻者莫不两尽其心焉。洎周衰秦兴，采诗官废，上不以诗补察时政，下不以歌泄导人情。用至于谄成之风动，救失之道缺。于时六义始剚矣。《国风》变为《骚辞》，五言始于苏、李。《诗》、《骚》皆不遇者，各系其志，发而为文。故河梁之句，止于伤别；泽畔之吟，归于怨思。彷徨抑郁，不暇及他耳。然去《诗》未远，梗概尚存。故兴离别则引双凫一雁为喻，讽君子小人则引香草恶鸟为比。虽义类不具，犹得风人之什二三焉。于时六义始缺矣。晋、宋已还，得者盖寡。以康乐之奥博，多溺于山水；以渊明之高古，偏放于田园。江、鲍之流，又狭于此。如梁鸿《五噫》之例者，百无一二。于时六义浸微矣！陵夷至于梁、陈间，率不过嘲风雪、弄花草而已。噫！风雪花草之物，三百篇中岂舍之乎？顾所用何如耳。设如“北风其凉”，假风以刺威虐；“雨雪霏霏”，因雪以愍征役；“棠棣之华”，感华以讽兄弟；“采采芣苡”，美草以乐有子也。皆兴发于此而义归于彼。反是者，可乎哉！然则“余霞散成绮，澄江净如练”，“归花先委露，别叶乍辞风”之什，丽则丽矣，吾不知其所讽焉。故仆所谓嘲风雪、弄花草而已。于时六义尽去矣。唐兴二百年，其间诗人不可胜数。所可举者，陈子昂有《感遇诗》二十首，鲍防《感兴诗》十五篇。又诗之豪者，世称李、杜。李之作，才矣！奇矣！人不迨矣！索其风雅比兴，十无一焉。杜诗最多，可传者千余首。至于贯穿古今，覙缕格律，尽工尽善，又过于李焉。然撮其《新安》、《石壕》、《潼关吏》、《芦子关》、《花门》之章，“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”之句，亦不过十三四。杜尚如此，况不迨杜者乎？仆常痛诗道崩坏，忽忽愤发，或废食辍寝，不量才力，欲扶起之。嗟乎！事有大谬者，又不可一二而言，然亦不能不粗陈于左右。仆始生六七月时，乳母抱弄于书屏下，有指“之”字、“无”字示仆者，仆口未能言，心已默识。后有问此二字者，虽百十其试，而指之不差。则知仆宿习之缘，已在文字中矣。及五六岁，便学为诗。九岁谙识声韵。十五六，始知有进士，苦节读书。二十已来，昼课赋，夜课书，间又课诗，不遑寝息矣。以至于口舌成疮，手肘成胝。既壮而肤革不丰盈，未老而齿发早衰白；瞀瞀然如飞蝇垂珠在眸子中者，动以万数，盖以苦学力文之所致，又自悲。家贫多故，二十七方从乡赋。既第之后，虽专于科试，亦不废诗。及授校书郎时，已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下辈，见皆谓之工，其实未窥作者之域耳。自登朝来，年齿渐长，阅事渐多。每与人言，多询时务；每读书史，多求理道。始知文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。是时皇帝初即位，宰府有正人，屡降玺书，访人急病。仆当此日，擢在翰林，身是谏官，月请谏纸。启奏之间，有可以救济人病，裨补时阙，而难于指言者，辄咏歌之，欲稍稍进闻于上。上以广宸听，副忧勤；次以酬恩奖，塞言责；下以复吾平生之志。岂图志未就而悔已生，言未闻而谤已成矣！又请为左右终言之。凡闻仆《贺雨诗》，众口籍籍，以为非宜矣；闻仆《哭孔戡诗》，众面脉脉，尽不悦矣；闻《秦中吟》，则权豪贵近者，相目而变色矣；闻《登乐游园》寄足下诗，则执政柄者扼腕矣；闻《宿紫阁村》诗，则握军要者切齿矣！大率如此，不可遍举。不相与者，号为沽誉，号为诋讦，号为讪谤。苟相与者，则如牛僧孺之诫焉。乃至骨肉妻孥，皆以我为非也。其不我非者，举世不过三两人。有邓鲂者，见仆诗而喜，无何鲂死。有唐衢者，见仆诗而泣，未几而衢死。其余即足下。足下又十年来困踬若此。呜唿！岂六义四始之风，天将破坏，不可支持耶？抑又不知天意不欲使下人病苦闻于上耶？不然，何有志于诗者，不利若此之甚也！然仆又自思关东一男子耳，除读书属文外，其他懵然无知，乃至书画棋博，可以接群居之欢者，一无通晓，即其愚拙可知矣！初应进士时，中朝无缌麻之亲，达官无半面之旧；策蹇步于利足之途，张空拳于战文之场。十年之间，三登科第，名落众耳，迹升清贯，出交贤俊，入侍冕旒。始得名于文章，终得罪于文章，亦其宜也。日者闻亲友间说，礼、吏部举选人，多以仆私试赋判为准的。其余诗句，亦往往在人口中。仆恧然自愧，不之信也。及再来长安，又闻有军使高霞寓者，欲聘倡妓，妓大夸曰：“我诵得白学士《长恨歌》，岂同他哉？”由是增价。又足下书云：到通州日，见江馆柱间有题仆诗者。何人哉？又昨过汉南日，适遇主人集众娱乐，他宾诸妓见仆来，指而相顾曰：此是《秦中吟》、《长恨歌》主耳。自长安抵江西三四千里，凡乡校、佛寺、逆旅、行舟之中，往往有题仆诗者；士庶、僧徒、孀妇、处女之口，每有咏仆诗者。此诚雕篆之戏，不足为多，然今时俗所重，正在此耳。虽前贤如渊、云者，前辈如李、杜者，亦未能忘情于其间。古人云：“名者公器，不可多取。”仆是何者，窃时之名已多。既窃时名，又欲窃时之富贵，使己为造物者，肯兼与之乎？今之屯穷，理固然也。况诗人多蹇，如陈子昂、杜甫，各授一拾遗，而屯剥至死。孟浩然辈不及一命，穷悴终身。近日孟郊六十，终试协律；张籍五十，未离一太祝。彼何人哉！况仆之才又不迨彼。今虽谪佐远郡，而官品至第五，月俸四五万，寒有衣，饥有食，给身之外，施及家人。亦可谓不负白氏子矣。微之，微之！勿念我哉！仆数月来，检讨囊帙中，得新旧诗，各以类分，分为卷目。自拾遗来，凡所遇所感，关于美刺兴比者；又自武德至元和，因事立题，题为“新乐府”者，共一百五十首，谓之讽谕诗。又或退公独处，或移动病闲居，知足保和，吟玩性情者一百首，谓之”闲适诗“。又有事物牵于外，情理动于内，随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首，谓之”感伤诗“。又有五言、七言、长句、绝句，自一百韵至两百韵者四百余首，谓之”杂律诗“。凡为十五卷，约八百首。异时相见，当尽致于执事。微之，古人云：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。”仆虽不肖，常师此语。大丈夫所守者道，所待者时。时之来也，为云龙，为风鹏，勃然突然，陈力以出；时之不来也，为雾豹，为冥鸿，寂兮寥兮，奉身而退。进退出处，何往而不自得哉！故仆志在兼济，行在独善，奉而始终之则为道，言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗，兼济之志也；谓之闲适诗，独善之义也。故览仆诗者，知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗，或诱于一时一物，发于一笑一吟，率然成章，非平生所尚者，但以亲朋合散之际，取其释恨佐欢，今铨次之间，未能删去。他时有为我编集斯文者，略之可也。微之，夫贵耳贱目，荣古陋今，人之大情也。仆不能远征古旧，如近岁韦苏州歌行，才丽之外，颇近兴讽；其五言诗，又高雅闲淡，自成一家之体，今之秉笔者谁能及之？然当苏州在时，人亦未甚爱重，必待身后，人始贵之。今仆之诗，人所爱者，悉不过杂律诗与《长恨歌》已下耳。时之所重，仆之所轻。至于讽谕者，意激而言质；闲适者，思澹而辞迂。以质合迂，宜人之不爱也。今所爱者，并世而生，独足下耳。然百千年后，安知复无如足下者出，而知爱我诗哉？故自八九年来，与足下小通则以诗相戒，小穷则以诗相勉，索居则以诗相慰，同处则以诗相娱。知吾罪吾，率以诗也。如今年春游城南时，与足下马上相戏，因各诵新艳小律，不杂他篇，自皇子陂归昭国里，迭吟递唱，不绝声者二十里余。攀、李在傍，无所措口。知我者以为诗仙，不知我者以为诗魔。何则？劳心灵，役声气，连朝接夕，不自知其苦，非魔而何？偶同人当美景，或花时宴罢，或月夜酒酣，一咏一吟，不觉老之将至。虽骖鸾鹤、游蓬瀛者之适，无以加于此焉，又非仙而何？微之，微之！此吾所以与足下外形骸、脱踪迹、傲轩鼎、轻人寰者，又以此也。当此之时，足下兴有余力，且欲与仆悉索还往中诗，取其尤长者，如张十八古乐府，李二十新歌行，卢、杨二秘书律诗，窦七、元八绝句，博搜精掇，编而次之，号为《元白往还集》。众君子得拟议于此者，莫不踊跃欣喜，以为盛事。嗟乎！言未终而足下左转，不数月而仆又继行，心期索然，何日成就？又可为之太息矣！仆常语足下，凡人为文，私于自是，不忍于割截，或失于繁多。其间妍媸，益又自惑。必待交友有公鉴无姑息者，讨论而削夺之，然后繁简当否，得其中矣。况仆与足下，为文尤患其多。己尚病，况他人乎？今且各纂诗笔，粗为卷第，待与足下相见日，各出所有，终前志焉。又不知相遇是何年，相见是何地，溘然而至，则如之何？微之知我心哉！浔阳腊月，江风苦寒，岁暮鲜欢，夜长少睡。引笔铺纸，悄然灯前，有念则书，言无铨次。勿以繁杂为倦，且以代一夕之话言也。居易自叙如此，文士以为信然。正淡烟疏雨，梅子黄时，清和天气。阿母当年，暂辍瑶池会。霞帔星冠，霓旌羽纛，下碧霄云际。恰与瞿昙，同时共日，降人间世。残霞殿雨，皞气入窗扉。并梧堕叶，寒砌叫蛩，秋满屏帏。罗袖匆匆叙别，凄凉客里，异乡谁更相知。晓角梅花三弄曲，勾引起禁钟楼鼓。曙色将分，漏声才息，残月已沉江渚。【挂玉钩】迤逦莺啼共燕语，偏向闲庭户。春困佳人睡未足，好梦方惊寤。淡脸霞，松鬟雾。欲对鸾台，再整妆梳。【庆宣和】十二帘钩闲控玉，尚掩流苏。嫩寒犹怯透罗襦，绣帏，未出。【天仙令】晨妆罢，信步向庭隅。晓日楼台，秋千院宇。那更杜鹃催，春事归欤。怜红爱紫无限心，空自长吁。【离亭煞】伤春欲待留春住，留春不住随春去。凭谁寄与，问春归去归何处？只见覆莓苔糁落花，衬榆英铺香絮，又见潋滟池塘涨绿。纵不为五更风，管多因半夜雨。　秋夜秋夜谁家砧杵声？不管有人愁听。倦客伤心，披衣独步，踏遍绿苔幽径。【庆宣和】仙鼠翻风舞画楹，月色偏明。地龙经雨唱空庭，露华，乍冷。【天仙令】人初静，寂寞旅魂惊。玉宇澄澄，银河耿耿。帘幕夜寒生，月淡风清。惊鸟绕枝栖未宁，蛩雁哀鸣。【离亭煞】怯单衣渐觉西风劲，想多情不念东阳病。对景动羁怀，添客恨增归兴。近玉阑，临金井，早是离人闷哽。桂子散清香，梧桐弄碎影。　悔悟无限莺花慵管领，恐似沈郎多病。宋玉伤哉，安仁老矣，衰鬓怕临明镜。【挂玉钩】草草花花一梦惊，断了乔行径。大着多情换寡情，闹里宜寻静。有况味，无踪影。废尽功夫，误了前程。【庆宣和】若是自家空藏瓶，梦撒撩丁，花姑不重女猱轻，任谁，见哽。【天仙令】千金废，火上弄冻凌。他尽是劳成，咱都是志诚。博得个好儿名，那里施呈。而今纵有双秀才，谁是苏卿？【离亭煞】早收心拘束定疏狂性，倒大来耳根清净，头轻眼明。跳出面煳盆，迷魂寨，玻璃井。折莫恁漫天张网罗，遍地剜坑阱，莫想他自家夜行，被你甜句儿啜来奸，虚脾儿赚得省。自古人言，庆在子孙，端有由来。看长庚孕李，昴星佐汉，福从人召，瑞自天开。曾忆当年，用翁熊梦，岂在区区春祀D63C。只凭个、仁心积累，厚德栽培。富春县前江势奔，危楼如画俯山根。林林人影向沙市，叶叶风帆下海门。秋入遥空无寸翳，旱经焦土有千村。田家正堕忧时泪，安得新酤倒瓦盆？堂堂大元，奸佞专权。开河变钞祸根源，惹红巾万千。官法滥刑法重黎民怨，人吃人钞买钞何曾见？贼做官官做贼混愚贤。哀哉可怜！　讥贪小利者夺泥燕口，削铁针头，刮金佛面细搜求，无中觅有。鹌鹑素里寻豌豆，鹭鸶腿上噼精肉，蚊子腹内刳脂油，亏老先生下手！　叹子弟寻葫芦锯瓢，拾砖瓦攒窑。暖堂院翻做乞儿学，做一个莲花落训道。戴一顶十花九裂遮尘帽，穿一领千补百衲藏形袄，系一条七断八续勒身绦。这的是子弟每下梢！莲花落易学，桃李子难教。张打油罗罗连和得着，学不成打爻。牵着个狗儿当街叫，提着个爽儿沿街调，拿着个鱼儿绕街敲。这的是子弟每下梢！阿姊扶床泣，诸甥绕膝啼。平安只两字，莫惜过江题。

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.ta bian lv tai you jing ..qing xuan he .xian shu fan feng wu hua ying .yue se pian ming .di long jing yu chang kong ting .lu hua .zha leng ..tian xian ling .ren chu jing .ji mo lv hun jing .yu yu cheng cheng .yin he geng geng .lian mu ye han sheng .yue dan feng qing .jing niao rao zhi qi wei ning .qiong yan ai ming ..li ting sha .qie dan yi jian jue xi feng jin .xiang duo qing bu nian dong yang bing .dui jing dong ji huai .tian ke hen zeng gui xing .jin yu lan .lin jin jing .zao shi li ren men geng .gui zi san qing xiang .wu tong nong sui ying ..hui wu wu xian ying hua yong guan ling .kong si shen lang duo bing .song yu shang zai .an ren lao yi .shuai bin pa lin ming jing ..gua yu gou .cao cao hua hua yi meng jing .duan liao qiao xing jing .da zhuo duo qing huan gua qing .nao li yi xun jing .you kuang wei .wu zong ying .fei jin gong fu .wu liao qian cheng ..qing xuan he .ruo shi zi jia kong cang ping .meng sa liao ding .hua gu bu zhong nv nao qing .ren shui .jian geng ..tian xian ling .qian jin fei .huo shang nong dong ling .ta jin shi lao cheng .zan du shi zhi cheng .bo de ge hao er ming .na li shi cheng .er jin zong you shuang xiu cai .shui shi su qing ..li ting sha .zao shou xin ju shu ding shu kuang xing .dao da lai er gen qing jing .tou qing yan ming .tiao chu mian hu pen .mi hun zhai .bo li jing .zhe mo ren man tian zhang wang luo .bian di wan keng jing .mo xiang ta zi jia ye xing .bei ni tian ju er chuai lai jian .xu pi er zhuan de sheng .zi gu ren yan .qing zai zi sun .duan you you lai .kan chang geng yun li .mao xing zuo han .fu cong ren zhao .rui zi tian kai .zeng yi dang nian .yong weng xiong meng .qi zai qu qu chun si D63C.zhi ping ge .ren xin ji lei .hou de zai pei .fu chun xian qian jiang shi ben .wei lou ru hua fu shan gen .lin lin ren ying xiang sha shi .ye ye feng fan xia hai men .qiu ru yao kong wu cun yi .han jing jiao tu you qian cun .tian jia zheng duo you shi lei .an de xin gu dao wa pen .tang tang da yuan .jian ning zhuan quan .kai he bian chao huo gen yuan .re hong jin wan qian .guan fa lan xing fa zhong li min yuan .ren chi ren chao mai chao he zeng jian .zei zuo guan guan zuo zei hun yu xian .ai zai ke lian ..ji tan xiao li zhe duo ni yan kou .xiao tie zhen tou .gua jin fo mian xi sou qiu .wu zhong mi you .an chun .su li xun wan dou .lu si tui shang pi jing rou .wen zi fu nei ku zhi you .kui lao xian sheng xia shou ..tan zi di xun hu lu ju piao .shi zhuan wa zan yao .nuan tang yuan fan zuo qi er xue .zuo yi ge lian hua luo xun dao .dai yi ding shi hua jiu lie zhe chen mao .chuan yi ling qian bu bai na cang xing ao .xi yi tiao qi duan ba xu le shen tao .zhe de shi zi di mei xia shao .lian hua luo yi xue .tao li zi nan jiao .zhang da you .luo .luo lian he de zhuo .xue bu cheng da yao .qian zhuo ge gou er dang jie jiao .ti zhuo ge shuang er yan jie diao .na zhuo ge yu er rao jie qiao .zhe de shi zi di mei xia shao .a zi fu chuang qi .zhu sheng rao xi ti .ping an zhi liang zi .mo xi guo jiang ti .

李陵打过大漠，北进数千里，所过之处，白刃一指，血海汪洋。只叹是三年征战，终抵不过胡人的八万铁骑。
（6）舅：丈夫的父亲（指公公）。古以舅姑称公婆。冠盖里已名不副实(shi)，不再与现在的情形相(xiang)称了；章华台也只能代称旧日的台榭。
（10）病：弊病。空坛澄清疏松影落水底，小洞清幽细草芳香沁人。
108.媻姗：同“蹒跚”，走路缓慢的样子。郣窣（bósū）：缓缓前行的样子。金堤：堤名，堤同“堤”。做侯王将相的欲望早断绝，神纵(zong)使赐福于我也难成功。
⒅系（jì）：绑(bang)扎。这里是挂的意思。直：通“值”，指价格。蝉声高唱，树林却显得格外宁静；鸟鸣声声，深山里倒比往常更清幽。
（20）请：请求。听：听凭。行：做。北方的骏马迎着烈风嘶叫，大宋的旗帜在雪花里翻搅，黄昏时天边又吐出一片红艳的晚霞，夕阳从一竿高的地平线低低地投射着残照。苍老的枯林连接着天空，无数的山峦重叠耸峭，暮色中走遍漫漫平沙处处皆衰草。幽静的馆舍上星斗横斜，无眠的夜实在难熬。灯芯凝结出残花，相思徒劳。鸭形的熏炉里香雾浓郁缭绕，蜡烛淌泪像冰水凝晶，夜色沉沉总难见霜天破晓。
15.共客长安：兄弟二人嘉佑间客居(ju)沐京应试。长安，代指汁京。茫茫的海上升起一轮明月，此时你我都在天涯共相望。
（35）岸芷（zhǐ）汀（tīng）兰：岸上与小洲上的花草。芷：香草的一种。汀：小洲,水边平地。青山、屋舍、坟墓、田地、曲折的流水和家乡的相同，没有什么区别，但我不能忍受梦中醒来听到杜鹃凄苦的鸣叫声。
⑴离亭燕：词牌(pai)名。到了晚上，渔人们在岸边敲石取(qu)火，点燃竹子，火光映照着渔船。(其十三)
〔京师〕唐朝都城长安。

　　王粲在陈王授意之下，先是一番的谦虚，述说自己的不才，幸蒙陈王的恩宠，不敢有负此恩，只好姑且一试，接著就说道：“日以阳德，月以阴灵。”以类此“日”、“月”的对比，及其延伸出的“阳”、“阴”观念做为开头，引领出种种附着人的价值观的“月”和“月”的神话传说，可以说是铺陈、说理的成分多，而写景、抒情的成分甚少，“朒朓警阙，朏魄示冲”，将“月”相的变化说成了是在警示人君的作为须合德，须谦冲；“委照而吴业昌，沦精而汉道融”，更引用了梦“月”入怀的神秘传说，让“月”与朝代、家国的兴衰产生了一定的系连，凡此种种，想必是汉赋“铺采摛文”和“劝百讽一”的遗型。
　　乐府《《大堤曲》李贺 古诗》这一诗题多是描述水乡船家女子爱情生活的。六朝人题作《大堤》或《大堤行》，唐人始用《《大堤曲》李贺 古诗》这一诗题。
　　正文的内容可分为两个层次，其一描述东南西北、天上地下各有其害，呼吁灵魂不要到那些地方去，而是要返回故居。其二描述巫师引导灵魂返归故里的场景，特别渲染死者生前在故居生活的豪华舒适，诸如“九侯淑女”、“实满宫些”，显然是君王才会有的生活。
　　律诗要求中间两联对仗，此诗的第二联对偶虽不甚工致，但流走匀称，宛转如意，说明作者于此重在达意抒情，而不拘泥于形式上的刻意求工，这也体现了初期律诗创作中比较舒展自由的特色。综观全诗，笔墨饱满，情意厚重。诗人后四句接连用典，熨贴工稳，不伤晦涩，仍保持了全诗自然朴素的风格。诗人用龙泉剑被埋没的故事，分明是喻友人的怀才不遇，进一步丰富了上联的寓意；但同时也发展了上联的思想：龙泉剑终于被有识之士发现，重见光明，那末友人也终将脱颖而出，再得起用，于愤懑不平中寄托了对友人的深情抚慰与热切期望。 宋之问在律诗的定型上有过重要贡献，但其创作并未完全摆脱六朝绮靡诗风的影响。这首诗音韵和谐，对仗匀称，而又朴素自然，不尚雕琢，可以说是宋之问律诗中的佳作之一，代表了作者在这一诗体上所取得的成就。
　　通读整篇，发现并无任何用词新奇之处，但妙就妙在这意境的成功营造。诗人以流水般流畅的文笔，以“明月”“惊鹊”“寒影”等一组意象画出了一幅别样的孤清月夜图。徜徉其中，能清楚地看见他的思痕，触摸到他跳跃的文思，听到他的叹息。
　　这一联写陵墓被发掘的情况。昨日、早时，极写陵墓被发掘得快、景象之惨。玉鱼、金碗均皇家用以陪葬的宝物。《西京杂记》：汉楚王戊太子死，用玉鱼一对殉葬。“金碗”：戴叔伦《赠徐山人》诗：“汉陵帝子黄金碗。”“蒙葬地”，是说殉葬的珍宝蒙藏在葬地。这又是说的汉朝事，其实唐代宗宝应二年（763年），吐蕃等攻入长安，烧毁房屋、残害百姓、发掘陵墓、无恶不作。只是有些事情，杜甫不好直说，不忍直说，所以写得含蓄曲折。