峨峨东岳高，秀极冲青天。岩中间虚宇，寂寞幽以玄。非工复非匠，云构发自然。器象尔何物？遂令我屡迁。逝将宅斯宇，可以尽天年。严禋展事，理洁烝尝。皇矣圣祖，德惟馨香。系高顼之玄胄兮，氏中叶之炳灵。飖颽风而蝉蜕兮，雄朔野以扬声。皇十纪而鸿渐兮，有羽仪于上京。巨滔天而泯夏兮，考遘愍以行谣。终保己而贻则兮，里上仁之所庐。懿前烈之纯淑兮，穷与达其必济。咨孤蒙之眇眇兮，将圮绝而罔阶。岂余身之足殉兮，违世业之可怀。靖潜处以永思兮，经日月而弥远。匪党人之敢拾兮，庶斯言之不玷。魂茕茕与神交兮，精诚发于宵寐。梦登山而迥眺兮，觌幽人之仿彿。揽葛藟而授余兮，眷峻谷曰勿坠。吻昕寤而仰思兮，心蒙蒙犹未察。黄神邈而靡质兮，仪遗谶以臆对。曰乘高而胪神兮，道遐通而不迷。葛绵绵于樛木兮，咏南风以为绥。盖惴惴之临深兮，乃二雅之所祗。既讯尔以吉象兮，又申之以炯戒。盍孟晋以迨群兮，辰倏忽其不再。承灵训其虚徐兮，鎶盘桓而且俟。惟天地之无穷兮，鲜生民之晦在。纷屯邅与蹇连兮，何艰多而智寡。上圣迕而后拔兮，虽群黎之所御。昔卫叔之御昆兮，昆为寇而丧予。管弯弧欲毙仇兮，仇作后而成己。变化故而相诡兮，孰云预其终始！雍造怨而先赏兮，丁繇惠而被戮。栗取吊于逌吉兮，王膺庆于所戚。叛回穴其若兹兮，北叟颇识其倚伏。单治里而外凋兮，张修襮而内逼。聿中和为庶几兮，颜与冉又不得。溺招路以从己兮，谓孔氏犹未可。安慆慆而不萉兮，卒陨身乎世祸。游圣门而靡救兮，虽覆醢其何补？固行行其必凶兮，免盗乱为赖道。形气发于根柢兮，柯叶汇而零茂。恐魍魉之责景兮，羌未得其云已。黎淳耀于高辛兮，芈强大于南汜。嬴取威于伯仪兮，姜本支乎三趾。既仁得其信然兮，仰天路而同轨。东邻虐而歼仁兮，王合位乎三五。戎女烈而丧孝兮，伯徂归于龙虎。发还师以成命兮，重醉行而自耦。震鳞漦于夏庭兮，匝三正而灭姬。巽羽化于宣宫兮，弥五辟而成灾。道修长而世短兮，夐冥默而不周。胥仍物而鬼诹兮，乃穷宙而达幽。妫巢姜于孺筮兮，旦筭祀于契龟。宣曹兴败于下梦兮，鲁卫名谥于铭谣。妣聆哌而劾石兮，许相理而鞫条。道混成而自然兮，术同原而分流。神先心以定命兮，命随行以消息。斡流迁其不济兮，故遭罹而嬴缩。三栾同于一体兮，虽移易而不忒。洞参差其纷错兮，斯众兆之所惑。周贾荡而贡愤兮，齐死生与祸福。抗爽言以矫情兮，信畏牺而忌鵩。所贵圣人至论兮，顺天性而断谊。物有欲而不居兮，亦有恶而不避。守孔约而不贰兮，乃輶德而无累。三仁殊于一致兮，夷惠舛而齐声。木偃息以蕃魏兮，申重茧以存荆。纪焚躬以卫上兮，皓颐志而弗倾。侯草木之区别兮，苟能实其必荣。要没世而不朽兮，乃先民之所程。观天网之纮覆兮，实棐谌而相训。谟先圣之大猷兮，亦邻德而助信。虞韶美而仪凤兮，孔忘味于千载。素文信而厎麟兮，汉宾祚于异代。精通灵而感物兮，神动气而入微。养流睇而猿号兮，李虎发而石开。非精诚其焉通兮，苟无实其孰信？操末技犹必然兮，矧耽躬于道真。登孔昊而上下兮，纬群龙之所经。朝贞观而夕化兮，犹諠己而遗形。若胤彭而偕老兮，诉来哲而通情。乱曰：天造草昧，立性命兮。复心弘道，惟圣贤兮。浑元运物，流不处兮。保身遗名，民之表兮。舍生取谊，以道用兮。忧伤夭物，忝莫痛兮。皓尔太素，曷渝色兮。尚越其几，沦神域兮。踏阁攀林恨不同，楚云沧海思无穷。数家砧杵秋山下，一郡荆榛寒雨中。东皇太一吉日兮辰良，穆将愉兮上皇；抚长剑兮玉珥，璆锵鸣兮琳琅；瑶席兮玉瑱，盍将把兮琼芳；蕙肴蒸兮兰藉，奠桂酒兮椒浆；扬枹兮拊鼓，疏缓节兮安歌；陈竽瑟兮浩倡；灵偃蹇兮姣服，芳菲菲兮满堂；五音纷兮繁会，君欣欣兮乐康。云中君浴兰汤兮沐芳，华采衣兮若英；灵连蜷兮既留，烂昭昭兮未央；謇将憺兮寿宫，与日月兮齐光；龙驾兮帝服，聊翱游兮周章；灵皇皇兮既降，猋远举兮云中；览冀洲兮有余，横四海兮焉穷；思夫君兮太息，极劳心兮忡忡；湘君君不行兮夷犹，蹇谁留兮中洲；美要眇兮宜修，沛吾乘兮桂舟；令沅湘兮无波，使江水兮安流；望夫君兮未来，吹参差兮谁思；驾飞龙兮北征，邅吾道兮洞庭；薜荔柏兮蕙绸，荪桡兮兰旌；望涔阳兮极浦，横大江兮扬灵；扬灵兮未极，女婵媛兮为余太息；横流涕兮潺湲，隐思君兮陫侧；桂棹兮兰枻，斵冰兮积雪；采薜荔兮水中，搴芙蓉兮木末；心不同兮媒劳，恩不甚兮轻绝；石濑兮浅浅，飞龙兮翩翩；交不忠兮怨长，期不信兮告余以不闲；朝骋骛兮江皋，夕弭节兮北渚；鸟次兮屋上，水周兮堂下；捐余玦兮江中，遗余佩兮醴浦；采芳洲兮杜若，将以遗兮下女；时不可兮再得，聊逍遥兮容与。湘夫人帝子降兮北渚，目眇眇兮愁予；袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下；登白薠兮骋望，与佳期兮夕张；鸟何萃兮苹中，罾何为兮木上？(苹 通：苹)沅有茝兮醴有兰，思公子兮未敢言；荒忽兮远望，观流水兮潺湲；麋何食兮庭中，蛟何为兮水裔；朝驰余马兮江皋，夕济兮西澨；闻佳人兮召余，将腾驾兮偕逝；筑室兮水中，葺之兮荷盖；荪壁兮紫坛，播芳椒兮成堂；桂栋兮兰橑，辛夷楣兮药房；罔薜荔兮为帷，擗蕙櫋兮既张；白玉兮为镇，疏石兰兮为芳；芷葺兮荷屋，缭之兮杜衡；合百草兮实庭，建芳馨兮庑门；九嶷缤兮并迎，灵之来兮如云；捐余袂兮江中，遗余褋兮醴浦；搴汀洲兮杜若，将以遗兮远者；时不可兮骤得，聊逍遥兮容与！大司命广开兮天门，纷吾乘兮玄云；令飘风兮先驱，使涷雨兮洒尘；君回翔兮以下，逾空桑兮从女；纷总总兮九州，何寿夭兮在予；高飞兮安翔，乘清气兮御阴阳；吾与君兮齐速，导帝之兮九坑；灵衣兮被被，玉佩兮陆离；一阴兮一阳，众莫知兮余所为；折疏麻兮瑶华，将以遗兮离居；老冉冉兮既极，不寖近兮愈疏；乘龙兮辚辚，高驰兮冲天；结桂枝兮延伫，羌愈思兮愁人；愁人兮奈何，愿若今兮无亏；固人命兮有当，孰离合兮何为？少司命秋兰兮麋芜，罗生兮堂下；绿叶兮素华，芳菲菲兮袭予；夫人兮自有美子，荪何以兮愁苦；秋兰兮青青，绿叶兮紫茎；满堂兮美人，忽独与余兮目成；入不言兮出不辞，乘回风兮载云旗；悲莫悲兮生别离，乐莫乐兮新相知；荷衣兮蕙带，儵而来兮忽而逝；夕宿兮帝郊，君谁须兮云之际；与女沐兮咸池，曦女发兮阳之阿；望美人兮未来，临风怳兮浩歌；孔盖兮翠旌，登九天兮抚彗星；竦长剑兮拥幼艾，荪独宜兮为民正。东君暾将出兮东方，照吾槛兮扶桑；抚余马兮安驱，夜皎皎兮既明；驾龙辀兮乘雷，载云旗兮委蛇；长太息兮将上，心低徊兮顾怀；羌声色兮娱人，观者儋兮忘归；縆瑟兮交鼓，萧钟兮瑶簴；鸣篪兮吹竽，思灵保兮贤姱；翾飞兮翠曾，展诗兮会舞；应律兮合节，灵之来兮敝日；青云衣兮白霓裳，举长矢兮射天狼；操余弧兮反沦降，援北斗兮酌桂浆；撰余辔兮高驰翔，杳冥冥兮以东行。河伯与女游兮九河，冲风起兮水扬波；乘水车兮荷盖，驾两龙兮骖螭；登昆仑兮四望，心飞扬兮浩荡；日将暮兮怅忘归，惟极浦兮寤怀；鱼鳞屋兮龙堂，紫贝阙兮珠宫；灵何惟兮水中；乘白鼋兮逐文鱼，与女游兮河之渚；流澌纷兮将来下；子交手兮东行，送美人兮南浦；波滔滔兮来迎，鱼鳞鳞兮媵予。山鬼若有人兮山之阿，被薜荔兮带女萝；既含睇兮又宜笑，子慕予兮善窈窕；乘赤豹兮从文狸，辛夷车兮结桂旗；被石兰兮带杜衡，折芳馨兮遗所思；余处幽篁兮终不见天，路险难兮独后来；表独立兮山之上，云容容兮而在下；杳冥冥兮羌昼晦，东风飘兮神灵雨；留灵修兮憺忘归，岁既晏兮孰华予；采三秀兮于山间，石磊磊兮葛蔓蔓；怨公子兮怅忘归，君思我兮不得闲；山中人兮芳杜若，饮石泉兮荫松柏；君思我兮然疑作；雷填填兮雨冥冥，猿啾啾兮狖夜鸣；风飒飒兮木萧萧，思公子兮徒离忧。国殇操吴戈兮被犀甲，车错毂兮短兵接；旌蔽日兮敌若云，矢交坠兮士争先；凌余阵兮躐余行，左骖殪兮右刃伤；霾两轮兮絷四马，援玉枹兮击鸣鼓；天时怼兮威灵怒，严杀尽兮弃原野；出不入兮往不反，平原忽兮路超远；带长剑兮挟秦弓，首身离兮心不惩；诚既勇兮又以武，终刚强兮不可凌；身既死兮神以灵，魂魄毅兮为鬼雄。礼魂成礼兮会鼓，传芭兮代舞；姱女倡兮容与；春兰兮秋菊，长无绝兮终古。驿路侵斜月，溪桥度晓霜。短篱残菊一枝黄。正是乱山深处、过重阳。 旅枕元无梦，寒更每自长。只言江左好风光。不道中原归思、转凄凉。南国辛居士，言归旧竹林。未逢调鼎用，徒有济川心。 予亦忘机者，田园在汉阴。因君故乡去，遥寄式微吟。一猴死，见冥王，求转人身。王曰：“既欲做人，须将毛尽拔去。”即唤夜叉拔之。方拔一根，猴不胜痛叫。王笑曰：“看你一毛不拔，如何做人？”亭上秋风，记去年袅袅，曾到吾庐。山河举目虽异，风景非殊。功成者去，觉团扇、便与人疏。吹不断，斜阳依旧，茫茫禹迹都无。千古茂陵词在，甚风流章句，解拟相如。只今木落江冷，眇眇愁余。故人书报，莫因循、忘却莼鲈。谁念我，新凉灯火，一编太史公书。有秦客问于东野主人曰：「闻之前论曰：『治世之音安以乐，亡国之音哀以思。』夫治乱在政，而音声应之；故哀思之情，表于金石；安乐之象，形于管弦也。又仲尼闻韶，识虞舜之德；季札听弦，知众国之风。斯已然之事，先贤所不疑也。今子独以为声无哀乐，其理何居？若有嘉讯，今请闻其说。」主人应之曰：「斯义久滞，莫肯拯救，故令历世滥于名实。今蒙启导，将言其一隅焉。夫天地合德，万物贵生，寒暑代往，五行以成。故章为五色，发为五音；音声之作，其犹臭味在于天地之间。其善与不善，虽遭遇浊乱，其体自若而不变也。岂以爱憎易操、哀乐改度哉？及宫商集比，声音克谐，此人心至愿，情欲之所锺。故人知情不可恣，欲不可极故，因其所用，每为之节，使哀不至伤，乐不至淫，斯其大较也。然『乐云乐云，锺鼓云乎哉？哀云哀云，哭泣云乎哉？因兹而言，玉帛非礼敬之实，歌舞非悲哀之主也。何以明之？夫殊方异俗，歌哭不同。使错而用之，或闻哭而欢，或听歌而戚，然而哀乐之情均也。今用均同之情，案，「戚」本作「感」，又脱同字，依《世说·文学篇》注改补。）而发万殊之声，斯非音声之无常哉？然声音和比，感人之最深者也。劳者歌其事，乐者舞其功。夫内有悲痛之心，则激切哀言。言比成诗，声比成音。杂而咏之，聚而听之，心动于和声，情感于苦言。嗟叹未绝，而泣涕流涟矣。夫哀心藏于苦心内，遇和声而后发。和声无象，而哀心有主。夫以有主之哀心，因乎无象之和声，其所觉悟，唯哀而已。岂复知『吹万不同，而使其自已』哉。风俗之流，遂成其政；是故国史明政教之得失，审国风之盛衰，吟咏情性以讽其上，故曰『亡国之音哀以思』也。 夫喜、怒、哀、乐、爱、憎、惭、惧，凡此八者，生民所以接物传情，区别有属，而不可溢者也。夫味以甘苦为称，今以甲贤而心爱，以乙愚而情憎，则爱憎宜属我，而贤愚宜属彼也。可以我爱而谓之爱人，我憎而谓之憎人，所喜则谓之喜味，所怒而谓之怒味哉？由此言之，则外内殊用，彼我异名。声音自当以善恶为主，则无关于哀乐；哀乐自当以情感，则无系于声音。名实俱去，则尽然可见矣。且季子在鲁，采《诗》观礼，以别《风》、《雅》，岂徒任声以决臧否哉？又仲尼闻《韶》，叹其一致，是以咨嗟，何必因声以知虞舜之德，然后叹美邪？今粗明其一端，亦可思过半矣。」秦客难曰：「八方异俗，歌哭万殊，然其哀乐之情，不得不见也。夫心动于中，而声出于心。虽托之于他音，寄之于余声，善听察者，要自觉之不使得过也。昔伯牙理琴而锺子知其所志；隶人击磬而子产识其心哀；鲁人晨哭而颜渊审其生离。夫数子者，岂复假智于常音，借验于曲度哉？心戚者则形为之动，情悲者则声为之哀。此自然相应，不可得逃，唯神明者能精之耳。夫能者不以声众为难，不能者不以声寡为易。今不可以未遇善听，而谓之声无可察之理；见方俗之多变，而谓声音无哀乐也。」又云：「贤不宜言爱，愚不宜言憎。然则有贤然后爱生，有愚然后憎成，但不当共其名耳。哀乐之作，亦有由而然。此为声使我哀，音使我乐也。苟哀乐由声，更为有实，何得名实俱去邪？」又云：「季子采《诗》观礼，以别《风》、《雅》；仲尼叹《韶》音之一致，是以咨嗟。是何言欤？且师襄奏操，而仲尼睹文王之容；师涓进曲，而子野识亡国之音。宁复讲诗而后下言，习礼然后立评哉？斯皆神妙独见，不待留闻积日，而已综其吉凶矣；是以前史以为美谈。今子以区区之近知，齐所见而为限，无乃诬前贤之识微，负夫子之妙察邪？」主人答曰：「难云：虽歌哭万殊，善听察者要自觉之，不假智于常音，不借验于曲度，锺子之徒云云是也。此为心悲者，虽谈笑鼓舞，情欢者，虽拊膺咨嗟，犹不能御外形以自匿，诳察者于疑似也。以为就令声音之无常，犹谓当有哀乐耳。又曰：「季子听声，以知众国之风；师襄奏操，而仲尼睹文王之容。案如所云，此为文王之功德，与风俗之盛衰，皆可象之于声音：声之轻重，可移于后世；襄涓之巧，能得之于将来。若然者，三皇五帝，可不绝于今日，何独数事哉？若此果然也。则文王之操有常度，韶武之音有定数，不可杂以他变，操以余声也。则向所谓声音之无常，锺子之触类，于是乎踬矣。若音声无常，锺子触类，其果然邪？则仲尼之识微，季札之善听，固亦诬矣。此皆俗儒妄记，欲神其事而追为耳，欲令天下惑声音之道，不言理以尽此，而推使神妙难知，恨不遇奇听于当时，慕古人而自叹，斯所□大罔后生也。夫推类辨物，当先求之自然之理；理已定，然后借古义以明之耳。今未得之于心，而多恃前言以为谈证，自此以往，恐巧历不能纪。」「又难云：「哀乐之作，犹爱憎之由贤愚，此为声使我哀而音使我乐；苟哀乐由声，更为有实矣。夫五色有好丑丑，五声有善恶，此物之自然也。至于爱与不爱，喜与不喜，人情之变，统物之理，唯止于此；然皆无豫于内，待物而成耳。至夫哀乐自以事会，先遘于心，但因和声以自显发。故前论已明其无常，今复假此谈以正名号耳。不为哀乐发于声音，如爱憎之生于贤愚也。然和声之感人心，亦犹酒醴之发人情也。酒以甘苦为主，而醉者以喜怒为用。其见欢戚为声发，而谓声有哀乐，不可见喜怒为酒使，而谓酒有喜怒之理也。」秦客难曰：「夫观气采色，天下之通用也。心变于内而色应于外，较然可见，故吾子不疑。夫声音，气之激者也。心应感而动，声从变而发。心有盛衰，声亦隆杀。同见役于一身，何独于声便当疑邪！夫喜怒章于色诊，哀乐亦宜形于声音。声音自当有哀乐，但暗者不能识之。至锺子之徒，虽遭无常之声，则颖然独见矣，今蒙瞽面墙而不悟，离娄昭秋毫于百寻，以此言之，则明暗殊能矣。不可守咫尺之度，而疑离娄之察；执中痛之听，而猜锺子之聪；皆谓古人为妄记也。」主人答曰：「难云：心应感而动，声从变而发，心有盛衰，声亦降杀，哀乐之情，必形于声音，锺子之徒，虽遭无常之声，则颖然独见矣。必若所言，则浊质之饱，首阳之饥，卞和之冤，伯奇之悲，相如之含怒，不占之怖祗，千变百态，使各发一咏之歌，同启数弹之微，则锺子之徒，各审其情矣。尔为听声者不以寡众易思，察情者不以大小为异，同出一身者，期于识之也。设使从下，则子野之徒，亦当复操律鸣管，以考其音，知南风之盛衰，别雅、郑之淫正也？夫食辛之与甚噱，薰目之与哀泣，同用出泪，使狄牙尝之，必不言乐泪甜而哀泪苦，斯可知矣。何者？肌液肉汗，?笮便出，无主于哀乐，犹?酒之囊漉，虽笮具不同，而酒味不变也。声俱一体之所出，何独当含哀乐之理也？且夫《咸池》、《六茎》，《大章》、《韶夏》，此先王之至乐，所以动天地、感鬼神。今必云声音莫不象其体而传其心，此必为至乐不可托之于瞽史，必须圣人理其弦管，尔乃雅音得全也。舜命夔「击石拊石，八音克谐，神人以和。」以此言之，至乐虽待圣人而作，不必圣人自执也。何者？音声有自然之和，而无系于人情。克谐之音，成于金石；至和之声，得于管弦也。夫纤毫自有形可察，故离瞽以明暗异功耳。若乃以水济水，孰异之哉？」秦客难曰：「虽众喻有隐，足招攻难，然其大理，当有所就。若葛卢闻牛鸣，知其三子为牺；师旷吹律，知南风不竞，楚师必败；羊舌母听闻儿啼，而审其丧家。凡此数事，皆效于上世，是以咸见录载。推此而言，则盛衰吉凶，莫不存乎声音矣。今若复谓之诬罔，则前言往记，皆为弃物，无用之也。以言通论，未之或安。若能明斯所以，显其所由，设二论俱济，愿重闻之。」主人答曰：「吾谓能反三隅者，得意而忘言，是以前论略而未详。今复烦循环之难，敢不自一竭邪？夫鲁牛能知牺历之丧生，哀三子之不存，含悲经年，诉怨葛卢；此为心与人同，异于兽形耳。此又吾之所疑也。且牛非人类，无道相通，若谓鸣兽皆能有言，葛卢受性独晓之，此为称其语而论其事，犹译传异言耳，不为考声音而知其情，则非所以为难也。若谓知者为当触物而达，无所不知，今且先议其所易者。请问：圣人卒人胡域，当知其所言否乎？难者必曰知之。知之之理何以明之？愿借子之难以立鉴识之域。或当与关接识其言邪？将吹律鸣管校其音邪？观气采色和其心邪？此为知心自由气色，虽自不言，犹将知之，知之之道，可不待言也。若吹律校音以知其心，假令心志于马而误言鹿，察者固当由鹿以知马也。此为心不系于所言，言或不足以证心也。若当关接而知言，此为孺子学言于所师，然后知之，则何贵于聪明哉？夫言，非自然一定之物，五方殊俗，同事异号，举一名以为标识耳。夫圣人穷理，谓自然可寻，无微不照。苟无微不照，理蔽则虽近不见，故异域之言不得强通。推此以往，葛卢之不知牛鸣，得不全乎？」又难云：「师旷吹律，知南风不竞，楚多死声。此又吾之所疑也。请问师旷吹律之时，楚国之风邪，则相去千里，声不足达；若正识楚风来入律中邪，则楚南有吴、越，北有梁、宋，苟不见其原，奚以识之哉？凡阴阳愤激，然后成风。气之相感，触地而发，何得发楚庭，来入晋乎？且又律吕分四时之气耳，时至而气动，律应而灰移，皆自然相待，不假人以为用也。上生下生，所以均五声之和，叙刚柔之分也。然律有一定之声，虽冬吹中吕，其音自满而无损也。今以晋人之气，吹无韵之律，楚风安得来入其中，与为盈缩邪？风无形，声与律不通，则校理之地，无取于风律，不其然乎？岂独师旷多识博物，自有以知胜败之形，欲固众心而托以神微，若伯常骞之许景公寿哉？」又难云：「羊舌母听闻儿啼而审其丧家。复请问何由知之？为神心独悟暗语而当邪？尝闻儿啼若此其大而恶，今之啼声似昔之啼声，故知其丧家邪？若神心独悟暗语之当，非理之所得也。虽曰听啼，无取验于儿声矣。若以尝闻之声为恶，故知今啼当恶，此为以甲声为度，以校乙之啼也。夫声之于音，犹形之于心也。有形同而情乖，貌殊而心均者。何以明之？圣人齐心等德而形状不同也。苟心同而形异，则何言乎观形而知心哉？且口之激气为声，何异于籁?纳气而鸣邪？啼声之善恶，不由儿口吉凶，犹琴瑟之清浊不在操者之工拙也。心能辨理善谈，而不能令内?调利，犹瞽者能善其曲度，而不能令器必清和也。器不假妙瞽而良，?不因惠心而调，然则心之与声，明为二物。二物之诚然，则求情者不留观于形貌，揆心者不借听于声音也。察者欲因声以知心，不亦外乎？今晋母未待之于老成，而专信昨日之声，以证今日之啼，岂不误中于前世好奇者从而称之哉？」秦客难曰：「吾闻败者不羞走，所以全也。吾心未厌而言，难复更从其馀。今平和之人，听筝笛琵琶，则形躁而志越；闻琴瑟之音，则听静而心闲。同一器之中，曲用每殊，则情随之变：奏秦声则叹羡而慷慨；理齐楚则情一而思专，肆姣弄则欢放而欲惬；心为声变，若此其众。苟躁静由声，则何为限其哀乐，而但云至和之声，无所不感，托大同于声音，归众变于人情？得无知彼不明此哉？」主人答曰：「难云：琵琶、筝、笛令人躁越。又云：曲用每殊而情随之变。此诚所以使人常感也。琵琶、筝、笛，间促而声高，变众而节数，以高声御数节，故使人形躁而志越。犹铃铎警耳，锺鼓骇心，故『闻鼓鼙之音，思将帅之臣』，盖以声音有大小，故动人有勐静也。琴瑟之体，间辽而音埤，变希而声清，以埤音御希变，不虚心静听，则不尽清和之极，是以听静而心闲也。夫曲用不同，亦犹殊器之音耳。齐楚之曲，多重故情一，变妙故思专。姣弄之音，挹众声之美，会五音之和，其体赡而用博，故心侈于众理；五音会，故欢放而欲惬。然皆以单、复、高、埤、善、恶为体，而人情以躁、静而容端，此为声音之体，尽于舒疾。情之应声，亦止于躁静耳。夫曲用每殊，而情之处变，犹滋味异美，而口辄识之也。五味万殊，而大同于美；曲变虽众，亦大同于和。美有甘，和有乐。然随曲之情，尽于和域；应美之口，绝于甘境，安得哀乐于其间哉？然人情不同，各师所解。则发其所怀；若言平和，哀乐正等，则无所先发，故终得躁静。若有所发，则是有主于内，不为平和也。以此言之，躁静者，声之功也；哀乐者，情之主也。不可见声有躁静之应，因谓哀乐者皆由声音也。且声音虽有勐静，勐静各有一和，和之所感，莫不自发。何以明之？夫会宾盈堂，酒酣奏琴，或忻然而欢，或惨尔泣，非进哀于彼，导乐于此也。其音无变于昔，而欢戚并用，斯非『吹万不同』邪？夫唯无主于喜怒，亦应无主于哀乐，故欢戚俱见。若资偏固之音，含一致之声，其所发明，各当其分，则焉能兼御群理，总发众情邪？由是言之，声音以平和为体，而感物无常；心志以所俟为主，应感而发。然则声之与心，殊涂异轨，不相经纬，焉得染太和于欢戚，缀虚名于哀乐哉？秦客难曰：「论云：勐静之音，各有一和，和之所感，莫不自发，是以酒酣奏琴而欢戚并用。此言偏并之情先积于内，故怀欢者值哀音而发，内戚者遇乐声而感也。夫音声自当有一定之哀乐，但声化迟缓不可仓卒，不能对易。偏重之情，触物而作，故今哀乐同时而应耳；虽二情俱见，则何损于声音有定理邪？主人答曰：「难云：哀乐自有定声，但偏重之情，不可卒移。故怀戚者遇乐声而哀耳。即如所言，声有定分，假使《鹿鸣》重奏，是乐声也。而令戚者遇之，虽声化迟缓，但当不能使变令欢耳，何得更以哀邪？犹一爝之火，虽未能温一室，不宜复增其寒矣。夫火非隆寒之物，乐非增哀之具也。理弦高堂而欢戚并用者，直至和之发滞导情，故令外物所感得自尽耳。难云：偏重之情，触物而作，故令哀乐同时而应耳。夫言哀者，或见机杖而泣，或睹舆服而悲，徒以感人亡而物存，痛事显而形潜，其所以会之，皆自有由，不为触地而生哀，当席而泪出也。今见机杖以致感，听和声而流涕者，斯非和之所感，莫不自发也。」秦客难曰：「论云：酒酣奏琴而欢戚并用。欲通此言，故答以偏情感物而发耳。今且隐心而言，明之以成效。夫人心不欢则戚，不戚则欢，此情志之大域也。然泣是戚之伤，笑是欢之用。盖闻齐、楚之曲者，唯睹其哀涕之容，而未曾见笑噱之貌。此必齐、楚之曲，以哀为体，故其所感，皆应其度量；岂徒以多重而少变，则致情一而思专邪？若诚能致泣，则声音之有哀乐，断可知矣。」主人答曰：「虽人情感于哀乐，哀乐各有多少。又哀乐之极，不必同致也。夫小哀容坏，甚悲而泣，哀之方也；小欢颜悦，至乐心喻，乐之理也。何以明之？夫至亲安豫，则恬若自然，所自得也。及在危急，仅然后济，则?不及亻舞。由此言之，亻舞之不若向之自得，岂不然哉？，至夫笑噱虽出于欢情，然自以理成又非自然应声之具也。此为乐之应声，以自得为主；哀之应感，以垂涕为故。垂涕则形动而可觉，自得则神合而无忧，是以观其异而不识其同，别其外而未察其内耳。然笑噱之不显于声音，岂独齐楚之曲邪？今不求乐于自得之域，而以无笑噱谓齐、楚体哀，岂不知哀而不识乐乎？」秦客问曰：「仲尼有言：『移风易俗，莫善于乐。』即如所论，凡百哀乐，皆不在声，即移风易俗，果以何物邪？又古人慎靡靡之风，抑忄舀耳之声，故曰：『放郑声，远佞人。』然则郑卫之音击鸣球以协神人，敢问郑雅之体，隆弊所极；风俗称易，奚由而济？幸重闻之，以悟所疑。」主人应之曰：「夫言移风易俗者，必承衰弊之后也。古之王者，承天理物，必崇简易之教，御无为之治，君静于上，臣顺于下，玄化潜通，天人交泰，枯藁之类，浸育灵液，六合之内，沐浴鸿流，荡涤尘垢，群生安逸，自求多福，默然从道，怀忠抱义，而不觉其所以然也。和心足于内，和气见于外，故歌以叙志，亻舞以宣情。然后文之以采章，照之以风雅，播之以八音，感之以太和，导其神气，养而就之。迎其情性，致而明之，使心与理相顺，气与声相应，合乎会通，以济其美。故凯乐之情，见于金石，含弘光大，显于音声也。若以往则万国同风，芳荣济茂，馥如秋兰，不期而信，不谋而诚，穆然相爱，犹舒锦彩，而粲炳可观也。大道之隆，莫盛于兹，太平之业，莫显于此。故曰「『移风易俗，莫善于乐。』乐之为体，以心为主。故无声之乐，民之父母也。至八音会谐，人之所悦，亦总谓之乐，然风俗移易，不在此也。夫音声和比，人情所不能已者也。是以古人知情之不可放，故抑其所遁；知欲之不可绝，故因其所自。为可奉之礼，制可导之乐。口不尽味，乐不极音。揆终始之宜，度贤愚之中。为之检则，使远近同风，用而不竭，亦所以结忠信，着不迁也。故乡校庠塾亦随之变，丝竹与俎豆并存，羽毛与揖让俱用，正言与和声同发。使将听是声也，必闻此言；将观是容也，必崇此礼。礼犹宾主升降，然后酬酢行焉。于是言语之节，声音之度，揖让之仪，动止之数，进退相须，共为一体。君臣用之于朝，庶士用之于家，少而习之，长而不怠，心安志固，从善日迁，然后临之以敬，持之以久而不变，然后化成，此又先王用乐之意也。故朝宴聘享，嘉乐必存。是以国史采风俗之盛衰，寄之乐工，宣之管弦，使言之者无罪，闻之者足以自诫。此又先王用乐之意也。若夫郑声，是音声之至妙。妙音感人，犹美色惑志。耽?荒酒，易以丧业，自非至人，孰能御之？先王恐天下流而不反，故具其八音，不渎其声；绝其大和，不穷其变；捐窈窕之声，使乐而不淫，犹大羹不和，不极勺药之味也。若流俗浅近，则声不足悦，又非所欢也。若上失其道，国丧其纪，男女奔随，淫荒无度，则风以此变，俗以好成。尚其所志，则群能肆之，乐其所习，则何以诛之？托于和声，配而长之，诚动于言，心感于和，风俗一成，因而名之。然所名之声，无中于淫邪也。淫之与正同乎心，雅、郑之体，亦足以观矣。」残阳西入崦，茅屋访孤僧。落叶人何在，寒云路几层。 独敲初夜磬，闲倚一枝藤。世界微尘里，吾宁爱与憎。昔人登览处，遗阁大江隅。叠浪有时有，闲云无日无。楚天千里清秋，水随天去秋无际。遥岑远目，献愁供恨，玉簪螺髻。落日楼头，断鸿声里，江南游子。把吴钩看了，栏杆拍遍，无人会，登临意。(栏杆 一作：阑干)休说鲈鱼堪脍，尽西风，季鹰归未？求田问舍，怕应羞见，刘郎才气。可惜流年，忧愁风雨，树犹如此！倩何人唤取，红巾翠袖，揾英雄泪！繁华事散逐香尘，流水无情草自春。日暮东风怨啼鸟，落花犹似坠楼人。至人光俗，大孝通神。谦以表性，恭惟立身。

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.gui dong xi lan lao .xin yi mei xi yao fang .wang bi li xi wei wei .pi hui mian xi ji zhang .bai yu xi wei zhen .shu shi lan xi wei fang .zhi qi xi he wu .liao zhi xi du heng .he bai cao xi shi ting .jian fang xin xi wu men .jiu yi bin xi bing ying .ling zhi lai xi ru yun .juan yu mei xi jiang zhong .yi yu die xi li pu .qian ting zhou xi du ruo .jiang yi yi xi yuan zhe .shi bu ke xi zhou de .liao xiao yao xi rong yu .da si ming guang kai xi tian men .fen wu cheng xi xuan yun .ling piao feng xi xian qu .shi dong yu xi sa chen .jun hui xiang xi yi xia .yu kong sang xi cong nv .fen zong zong xi jiu zhou .he shou yao xi zai yu .gao fei xi an xiang .cheng qing qi xi yu yin yang .wu yu jun xi qi su .dao di zhi xi jiu keng .ling yi xi bei bei .yu pei xi lu li .yi yin xi yi yang .zhong mo zhi xi yu suo wei .zhe shu ma xi yao hua .jiang yi yi xi li ju .lao ran ran xi ji ji .bu jin jin xi yu shu .cheng long xi lin lin .gao chi xi chong tian .jie gui zhi xi yan zhu .qiang yu si xi chou ren .chou 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.xiao zhong xi yao ju .ming chi xi chui yu .si ling bao xi xian kua .xuan fei xi cui zeng .zhan shi xi hui wu .ying lv xi he jie .ling zhi lai xi bi ri .qing yun yi xi bai ni shang .ju chang shi xi she tian lang .cao yu hu xi fan lun jiang .yuan bei dou xi zhuo gui jiang .zhuan yu pei xi gao chi xiang .yao ming ming xi yi dong xing .he bo yu nv you xi jiu he .chong feng qi xi shui yang bo .cheng shui che xi he gai .jia liang long xi can chi .deng kun lun xi si wang .xin fei yang xi hao dang .ri jiang mu xi chang wang gui .wei ji pu xi wu huai .yu lin wu xi long tang .zi bei que xi zhu gong .ling he wei xi shui zhong .cheng bai yuan xi zhu wen yu .yu nv you xi he zhi zhu .liu si fen xi jiang lai xia .zi jiao shou xi dong xing .song mei ren xi nan pu .bo tao tao xi lai ying .yu lin lin xi ying yu .shan gui ruo you ren xi shan zhi a .bei bi li xi dai nv luo .ji han di xi you yi xiao .zi mu yu xi shan yao tiao .cheng chi bao xi cong wen li .xin yi che xi jie gui qi .bei shi lan xi dai du heng .zhe fang xin xi yi suo si .yu chu you huang xi zhong bu jian tian .lu xian nan xi du hou lai .biao du li xi shan zhi shang .yun rong rong xi er zai xia .yao ming ming xi qiang zhou hui .dong feng piao xi shen ling yu .liu ling xiu xi dan wang gui .sui ji yan xi shu hua yu .cai san xiu xi yu shan jian .shi lei lei xi ge man man .yuan gong zi xi chang wang gui .jun si wo xi bu de xian .shan zhong ren xi fang du ruo .yin shi quan xi yin song bai .jun si wo xi ran yi zuo .lei tian tian xi yu ming ming .yuan jiu jiu xi you ye ming .feng sa sa xi mu xiao xiao .si gong zi xi tu li you .guo shang cao wu ge xi bei xi jia .che cuo gu xi duan bing jie .jing bi ri xi di ruo yun .shi jiao zhui xi shi zheng xian .ling yu zhen xi lie yu xing .zuo can yi xi you ren shang .mai liang lun xi zhi si ma .yuan yu fu xi ji ming gu .tian shi dui xi wei ling nu .yan sha jin xi qi yuan ye .chu bu ru xi wang bu fan .ping yuan hu xi lu chao yuan .dai chang jian xi xie qin gong .shou shen li xi xin bu cheng .cheng ji yong xi you yi wu .zhong gang qiang xi bu ke ling .shen ji si xi shen yi ling .hun po yi xi wei gui xiong .li hun cheng li xi hui gu .chuan ba xi dai wu .kua nv chang xi rong yu .chun lan xi qiu ju .chang wu jue xi zhong gu .yi lu qin xie yue .xi qiao du xiao shuang .duan li can ju yi zhi huang .zheng shi luan shan shen chu .guo zhong yang . lv zhen yuan wu meng .han geng mei zi chang .zhi yan jiang zuo hao feng guang .bu dao zhong yuan gui si .zhuan qi liang .nan guo xin ju shi .yan gui jiu zhu lin .wei feng diao ding yong .tu you ji chuan xin . yu yi wang ji zhe .tian yuan zai han yin .yin jun gu xiang qu .yao ji shi wei yin .yi hou si .jian ming wang .qiu zhuan ren shen .wang yue ..ji yu zuo ren .xu jiang mao jin ba qu ..ji huan ye cha ba zhi .fang ba yi gen .hou bu sheng tong jiao .wang xiao yue ..kan ni yi mao bu ba .ru he zuo ren ..ting shang qiu feng .ji qu nian niao niao .zeng dao wu lu .shan he ju mu sui yi .feng jing fei shu .gong cheng zhe qu .jue tuan shan .bian yu ren shu .chui bu duan .xie yang yi jiu .mang mang yu ji du wu .qian gu mao ling ci zai .shen feng liu zhang ju .jie ni xiang ru .zhi jin mu luo jiang leng .miao miao chou yu .gu ren shu bao .mo yin xun .wang que chun lu .shui nian wo .xin liang deng huo .yi bian tai shi gong shu .you qin ke wen yu dong ye zhu ren yue ..wen zhi qian lun yue ..zhi shi zhi yin an yi le .wang guo zhi yin ai yi si ..fu zhi luan zai zheng .er yin sheng ying zhi .gu ai si zhi qing .biao yu jin shi .an le zhi xiang .xing yu guan xian ye .you zhong ni wen shao .shi yu shun zhi de .ji zha ting xian .zhi zhong guo zhi feng .si yi ran zhi shi .xian xian suo bu yi ye .jin zi du yi wei sheng wu ai le .qi li he ju .ruo you jia xun .jin qing wen qi shuo ..zhu ren ying zhi yue ..si yi jiu zhi .mo ken zheng jiu .gu ling li shi lan yu ming shi .jin meng qi dao .jiang yan qi yi yu yan .fu tian di he de .wan wu gui sheng .han shu dai wang .wu xing yi cheng .gu zhang wei wu se .fa wei wu yin .yin sheng zhi zuo .qi you chou wei zai yu tian di zhi jian .qi shan yu bu shan .sui zao yu zhuo luan .qi ti zi ruo er bu bian ye .qi yi ai zeng yi cao .ai le gai du zai .ji gong shang ji bi .sheng yin ke xie .ci ren xin zhi yuan .qing yu zhi suo zhong .gu ren zhi qing bu ke zi .yu bu ke ji gu .yin qi suo yong .mei wei zhi jie .shi ai bu zhi shang .le bu zhi yin .si qi da jiao ye .ran .le yun le yun .zhong gu yun hu zai .ai yun ai yun .ku qi yun hu zai .yin zi er yan .yu bo fei li jing zhi shi .ge wu fei bei ai zhi zhu ye .he yi ming zhi .fu shu fang yi su .ge ku bu tong .shi cuo er yong zhi .huo wen ku er huan .huo ting ge er qi .ran er ai le zhi qing jun ye .jin yong jun tong zhi qing .an ..qi .ben zuo .gan ..you tuo tong zi .yi .shi shuo .wen xue pian .zhu gai bu ..er fa wan shu zhi sheng .si fei yin sheng zhi wu chang zai .ran sheng yin he bi .gan ren zhi zui shen zhe ye .lao zhe ge qi shi .le zhe wu qi gong .fu nei you bei tong zhi xin .ze ji qie ai yan .yan bi cheng shi .sheng bi cheng yin .za er yong zhi .ju er ting zhi .xin dong yu he sheng .qing gan yu ku yan .jie tan wei jue .er qi ti liu lian yi .fu ai xin cang yu ku xin nei .yu he sheng er hou fa .he sheng wu xiang .er ai xin you zhu .fu yi you zhu zhi ai xin .yin hu wu xiang zhi he sheng .qi suo jue wu .wei ai er yi .qi fu zhi .chui wan bu tong .er shi qi zi yi .zai .feng su zhi liu .sui cheng qi zheng .shi gu guo shi ming zheng jiao zhi de shi .shen guo feng zhi sheng shuai .yin yong qing xing yi feng qi shang .gu yue .wang guo zhi yin ai yi si .ye . fu xi .nu .ai .le .ai .zeng .can .ju .fan ci ba zhe .sheng min suo yi jie wu chuan qing .qu bie you shu .er bu ke yi zhe ye .fu wei yi gan ku wei cheng .jin yi jia xian er xin ai .yi yi yu er qing zeng .ze ai zeng yi shu wo .er xian yu yi shu bi ye .ke yi wo ai er wei zhi ai ren .wo zeng er wei zhi zeng ren .suo xi ze wei zhi xi wei .suo nu er wei zhi nu wei zai .you ci yan zhi .ze wai nei shu yong .bi wo yi ming .sheng yin zi dang yi shan e wei zhu .ze wu guan yu ai le .ai le zi dang yi qing gan .ze wu xi yu sheng yin .ming shi ju qu .ze jin ran ke jian yi .qie ji zi zai lu .cai .shi .guan li .yi bie .feng ...ya ..qi tu ren sheng yi jue zang fou zai .you zhong ni wen .shao ..tan qi yi zhi .shi yi zi jie .he bi yin sheng yi zhi yu shun zhi de .ran hou tan mei xie .jin cu ming qi yi duan .yi ke si guo ban yi ..qin ke nan yue ..ba fang yi su .ge ku wan shu .ran qi ai le zhi qing .bu de bu jian ye .fu xin dong yu zhong .er sheng chu yu xin .sui tuo zhi yu ta yin .ji zhi yu yu sheng .shan ting cha zhe .yao zi jue zhi bu shi de guo ye .xi bo ya li qin er zhong zi zhi qi suo zhi .li ren ji qing er zi chan shi qi xin ai .lu ren chen ku er yan yuan shen qi sheng li .fu shu zi zhe .qi fu jia zhi yu chang yin .jie yan yu qu du zai .xin qi zhe ze xing wei zhi dong .qing bei zhe ze sheng wei zhi ai .ci zi ran xiang ying .bu ke de tao .wei shen ming zhe neng jing zhi er .fu neng zhe bu yi sheng zhong wei nan .bu neng zhe bu yi sheng gua wei yi .jin bu ke yi wei yu shan ting .er wei zhi sheng wu ke cha zhi li .jian fang su zhi duo bian .er wei sheng yin wu ai le ye ..you yun ..xian bu yi yan ai .yu bu yi yan zeng .ran ze you xian ran hou ai sheng .you yu ran hou zeng cheng .dan bu dang gong qi ming er .ai le zhi zuo .yi you you er ran .ci wei sheng shi wo ai .yin shi wo le ye .gou ai le you sheng .geng wei you shi .he de ming shi ju qu xie ..you yun ..ji zi cai .shi .guan li .yi bie .feng ...ya ..zhong ni tan .shao .yin zhi yi zhi .shi yi zi jie .shi he yan yu .qie shi xiang zou cao .er zhong ni du wen wang zhi rong .shi juan jin qu .er zi ye shi wang guo zhi yin .ning fu jiang shi er hou xia yan .xi li ran hou li ping zai .si jie shen miao du jian .bu dai liu wen ji ri .er yi zong qi ji xiong yi .shi yi qian shi yi wei mei tan .jin zi yi qu qu zhi jin zhi .qi suo jian er wei xian .wu nai wu qian xian zhi shi wei .fu fu zi zhi miao cha xie ..zhu ren da yue ..nan yun .sui ge ku wan shu .shan ting cha zhe yao zi jue zhi .bu jia zhi yu chang yin .bu jie yan yu qu du .zhong zi zhi tu yun yun shi ye .ci wei xin bei zhe .sui tan xiao gu wu .qing huan zhe .sui fu ying zi jie .you bu neng yu wai xing yi zi ni .kuang cha zhe yu yi si ye .yi wei jiu ling sheng yin zhi wu chang .you wei dang you ai le er .you yue ..ji zi ting sheng .yi zhi zhong guo zhi feng .shi xiang zou cao .er zhong ni du wen wang zhi rong .an ru suo yun .ci wei wen wang zhi gong de .yu feng su zhi sheng shuai .jie ke xiang zhi yu sheng yin .sheng zhi qing zhong .ke yi yu hou shi .xiang juan zhi qiao .neng de zhi yu jiang lai .ruo ran zhe .san huang wu di .ke bu jue yu jin ri .he du shu shi zai .ruo ci guo ran ye .ze wen wang zhi cao you chang du .shao wu zhi yin you ding shu .bu ke za yi ta bian .cao yi yu sheng ye .ze xiang suo wei sheng yin zhi wu chang .zhong zi zhi chu lei .yu shi hu zhi yi .ruo yin sheng wu chang .zhong zi chu lei .qi guo ran xie .ze zhong ni zhi shi wei .ji zha zhi shan ting .gu yi wu yi .ci jie su ru wang ji .yu shen qi shi er zhui wei er .yu ling tian xia huo sheng yin zhi dao .bu yan li yi jin ci .er tui shi shen miao nan zhi .hen bu yu qi ting yu dang shi .mu gu ren er zi tan .si suo .da wang hou sheng ye .fu tui lei bian wu .dang xian qiu zhi zi ran zhi li .li yi ding .ran hou jie gu yi yi ming zhi er .jin wei de zhi yu xin .er duo shi qian yan yi wei tan zheng .zi ci yi wang .kong qiao li bu neng ji ...you nan yun ..ai le zhi zuo .you ai zeng zhi you xian yu .ci wei sheng shi wo ai er yin shi wo le .gou ai le you sheng .geng wei you shi yi .fu wu se you hao chou chou .wu sheng you shan e .ci wu zhi zi ran ye .zhi yu ai yu bu ai .xi yu bu xi .ren qing zhi bian .tong wu zhi li .wei zhi yu ci .ran jie wu yu yu nei .dai wu er cheng er .zhi fu ai le zi yi shi hui .xian gou yu xin .dan yin he sheng yi zi xian fa .gu qian lun yi ming qi wu chang .jin fu jia ci tan yi zheng ming hao er .bu wei ai le fa yu sheng yin .ru ai zeng zhi sheng yu xian yu ye .ran he sheng zhi gan ren xin .yi you jiu li zhi fa ren qing ye .jiu yi gan ku wei zhu .er zui zhe yi xi nu wei yong .qi jian huan qi wei sheng fa .er wei sheng you ai le .bu ke jian xi nu wei jiu shi .er wei jiu you xi nu zhi li ye ..qin ke nan yue ..fu guan qi cai se .tian xia zhi tong yong ye .xin bian yu nei er se ying yu wai .jiao ran ke jian .gu wu zi bu yi .fu sheng yin .qi zhi ji zhe ye .xin ying gan er dong .sheng cong bian er fa .xin you sheng shuai .sheng yi long sha .tong jian yi yu yi shen .he du yu sheng bian dang yi xie .fu xi nu zhang yu se zhen .ai le yi yi xing yu sheng yin .sheng yin zi dang you ai le .dan an zhe bu neng shi zhi .zhi zhong zi zhi tu .sui zao wu chang zhi sheng .ze ying ran du jian yi .jin meng gu mian qiang er bu wu .li lou zhao qiu hao yu bai xun .yi ci yan zhi .ze ming an shu neng yi .bu ke shou zhi chi zhi du .er yi li lou zhi cha .zhi zhong tong zhi ting .er cai zhong zi zhi cong .jie wei gu ren wei wang ji ye ..zhu ren da yue ..nan yun .xin ying gan er dong .sheng cong bian er fa .xin you sheng shuai .sheng yi jiang sha .ai le zhi qing .bi xing yu sheng yin .zhong zi zhi tu .sui zao wu chang zhi sheng .ze ying ran du jian yi .bi ruo suo yan .ze zhuo zhi zhi bao .shou yang zhi ji .bian he zhi yuan .bo qi zhi bei .xiang ru zhi han nu .bu zhan zhi bu zhi .qian bian bai tai .shi ge fa yi yong zhi ge .tong qi shu dan zhi wei .ze zhong zi zhi tu .ge shen qi qing yi .er wei ting sheng zhe bu yi gua zhong yi si .cha qing zhe bu yi da xiao wei yi .tong chu yi shen zhe .qi yu shi zhi ye .she shi cong xia .ze zi ye zhi tu .yi dang fu cao lv ming guan .yi kao qi yin .zhi nan feng zhi sheng shuai .bie ya .zheng zhi yin zheng ye .fu shi xin zhi yu shen jue .xun mu zhi yu ai qi .tong yong chu lei .shi di ya chang zhi .bi bu yan le lei tian er ai lei ku .si ke zhi yi .he zhe .ji ye rou han ..ze bian chu .wu zhu yu ai le .you .jiu zhi nang lu .sui ze ju bu tong .er jiu wei bu bian ye .sheng ju yi ti zhi suo chu .he du dang han ai le zhi li ye .qie fu .xian chi ...liu jing ...da zhang ...shao xia ..ci xian wang zhi zhi le .suo yi dong tian di .gan gui shen .jin bi yun sheng yin mo bu xiang qi ti er chuan qi xin .ci bi wei zhi le bu ke tuo zhi yu gu shi .bi xu sheng ren li qi xian guan .er nai ya yin de quan ye .shun ming kui .ji shi fu shi .ba yin ke xie .shen ren yi he ..yi ci yan zhi .zhi le sui dai sheng ren er zuo .bu bi sheng ren zi zhi ye .he zhe .yin sheng you zi ran zhi he .er wu xi yu ren qing .ke xie zhi yin .cheng yu jin shi .zhi he zhi sheng .de yu guan xian ye .fu xian hao zi you xing ke cha .gu li gu yi ming an yi gong er .ruo nai yi shui ji shui .shu yi zhi zai ..qin ke nan yue ..sui zhong yu you yin .zu zhao gong nan .ran qi da li .dang you suo jiu .ruo ge lu wen niu ming .zhi qi san zi wei xi .shi kuang chui lv .zhi nan feng bu jing .chu shi bi bai .yang she mu ting wen er ti .er shen qi sang jia .fan ci shu shi .jie xiao yu shang shi .shi yi xian jian lu zai .tui ci er yan .ze sheng shuai ji xiong .mo bu cun hu sheng yin yi .jin ruo fu wei zhi wu wang .ze qian yan wang ji .jie wei qi wu .wu yong zhi ye .yi yan tong lun .wei zhi huo an .ruo neng ming si suo yi .xian qi suo you .she er lun ju ji .yuan zhong wen zhi ..zhu ren da yue ..wu wei neng fan san yu zhe .de yi er wang yan .shi yi qian lun lue er wei xiang .jin fu fan xun huan zhi nan .gan bu zi yi jie xie .fu lu niu neng zhi xi li zhi sang sheng .ai san zi zhi bu cun .han bei jing nian .su yuan ge lu .ci wei xin yu ren tong .yi yu shou xing er .ci you wu zhi suo yi ye .qie niu fei ren lei .wu dao xiang tong .ruo wei ming shou jie neng you yan .ge lu shou xing du xiao zhi .ci wei cheng qi yu er lun qi shi .you yi chuan yi yan er .bu wei kao sheng yin er zhi qi qing .ze fei suo yi wei nan ye .ruo wei zhi zhe wei dang chu wu er da .wu suo bu zhi .jin qie xian yi qi suo yi zhe .qing wen .sheng ren zu ren hu yu .dang zhi qi suo yan fou hu .nan zhe bi yue zhi zhi .zhi zhi zhi li he yi ming zhi .yuan jie zi zhi nan yi li jian shi zhi yu .huo dang yu guan jie shi qi yan xie .jiang chui lv ming guan xiao qi yin xie .guan qi cai se he qi xin xie .ci wei zhi xin zi you qi se .sui zi bu yan .you jiang zhi zhi .zhi zhi zhi dao .ke bu dai yan ye .ruo chui lv xiao yin yi zhi qi xin .jia ling xin zhi yu ma er wu yan lu .cha zhe gu dang you lu yi zhi ma ye .ci wei xin bu xi yu suo yan .yan huo bu zu yi zheng xin ye .ruo dang guan jie er zhi yan .ci wei ru zi xue yan yu suo shi .ran hou zhi zhi .ze he gui yu cong ming zai .fu yan .fei zi ran yi ding zhi wu .wu fang shu su .tong shi yi hao .ju yi ming yi wei biao shi er .fu sheng ren qiong li .wei zi ran ke xun .wu wei bu zhao .gou wu wei bu zhao .li bi ze sui jin bu jian .gu yi yu zhi yan bu de qiang tong .tui ci yi wang .ge lu zhi bu zhi niu ming .de bu quan hu ..you nan yun ..shi kuang chui lv .zhi nan feng bu jing .chu duo si sheng .ci you wu zhi suo yi ye .qing wen shi kuang chui lv zhi shi .chu guo zhi feng xie .ze xiang qu qian li .sheng bu zu da .ruo zheng shi chu feng lai ru lv zhong xie .ze chu nan you wu .yue .bei you liang .song .gou bu jian qi yuan .xi yi shi zhi zai .fan yin yang fen ji .ran hou cheng feng .qi zhi xiang gan .chu di er fa .he de fa chu ting .lai ru jin hu .qie you lv lv fen si shi zhi qi er .shi zhi er qi dong .lv ying er hui yi .jie zi ran xiang dai .bu jia ren yi wei yong ye .shang sheng xia sheng .suo yi jun wu sheng zhi he .xu gang rou zhi fen ye .ran lv you yi ding zhi sheng .sui dong chui zhong lv .qi yin zi man er wu sun ye .jin yi jin ren zhi qi .chui wu yun zhi lv .chu feng an de lai ru qi zhong .yu wei ying suo xie .feng wu xing .sheng yu lv bu tong .ze xiao li zhi di .wu qu yu feng lv .bu qi ran hu .qi du shi kuang duo shi bo wu .zi you yi zhi sheng bai zhi xing .yu gu zhong xin er tuo yi shen wei .ruo bo chang qian zhi xu jing gong shou zai ..you nan yun ..yang she mu ting wen er ti er shen qi sang jia .fu qing wen he you zhi zhi .wei shen xin du wu an yu er dang xie .chang wen er ti ruo ci qi da er e .jin zhi ti sheng si xi zhi ti sheng .gu zhi qi sang jia xie .ruo shen xin du wu an yu zhi dang .fei li zhi suo de ye .sui yue ting ti .wu qu yan yu er sheng yi .ruo yi chang wen zhi sheng wei e .gu zhi jin ti dang e .ci wei yi jia sheng wei du .yi xiao yi zhi ti ye .fu sheng zhi yu yin .you xing zhi yu xin ye .you xing tong er qing guai .mao shu er xin jun zhe .he yi ming zhi .sheng ren qi xin deng de er xing zhuang bu tong ye .gou xin tong er xing yi .ze he yan hu guan xing er zhi xin zai .qie kou zhi ji qi wei sheng .he yi yu lai .na qi er ming xie .ti sheng zhi shan e .bu you er kou ji xiong .you qin se zhi qing zhuo bu zai cao zhe zhi gong zhuo ye .xin neng bian li shan tan .er bu neng ling nei .diao li .you gu zhe neng shan qi qu du .er bu neng ling qi bi qing he ye .qi bu jia miao gu er liang ..bu yin hui xin er diao .ran ze xin zhi yu sheng .ming wei er wu .er wu zhi cheng ran .ze qiu qing zhe bu liu guan yu xing mao .kui xin zhe bu jie ting yu sheng yin ye .cha zhe yu yin sheng yi zhi xin .bu yi wai hu .jin jin mu wei dai zhi yu lao cheng .er zhuan xin zuo ri zhi sheng .yi zheng jin ri zhi ti .qi bu wu zhong yu qian shi hao qi zhe cong er cheng zhi zai ..qin ke nan yue ..wu wen bai zhe bu xiu zou .suo yi quan ye .wu xin wei yan er yan .nan fu geng cong qi yu .jin ping he zhi ren .ting zheng di pi pa .ze xing zao er zhi yue .wen qin se zhi yin .ze ting jing er xin xian .tong yi qi zhi zhong .qu yong mei shu .ze qing sui zhi bian .zou qin sheng ze tan xian er kang kai .li qi chu ze qing yi er si zhuan .si jiao nong ze huan fang er yu qie .xin wei sheng bian .ruo ci qi zhong .gou zao jing you sheng .ze he wei xian qi ai le .er dan yun zhi he zhi sheng .wu suo bu gan .tuo da tong yu sheng yin .gui zhong bian yu ren qing .de wu zhi bi bu ming ci zai ..zhu ren da yue ..nan yun .pi pa .zheng .di ling ren zao yue .you yun .qu yong mei shu er qing sui zhi bian .ci cheng suo yi shi ren chang gan ye .pi pa .zheng .di .jian cu er sheng gao .bian zhong er jie shu .yi gao sheng yu shu jie .gu shi ren xing zao er zhi yue .you ling duo jing er .zhong gu hai xin .gu .wen gu pi zhi yin .si jiang shuai zhi chen ..gai yi sheng yin you da xiao .gu dong ren you meng jing ye .qin se zhi ti .jian liao er yin pi .bian xi er sheng qing .yi pi yin yu xi bian .bu xu xin jing ting .ze bu jin qing he zhi ji .shi yi ting jing er xin xian ye .fu qu yong bu tong .yi you shu qi zhi yin er .qi chu zhi qu .duo zhong gu qing yi .bian miao gu si zhuan .jiao nong zhi yin .yi zhong sheng zhi mei .hui wu yin zhi he .qi ti shan er yong bo .gu xin chi yu zhong li .wu yin hui .gu huan fang er yu qie .ran jie yi dan .fu .gao .pi .shan .e wei ti .er ren qing yi zao .jing er rong duan .ci wei sheng yin zhi ti .jin yu shu ji .qing zhi ying sheng .yi zhi yu zao jing er .fu qu yong mei shu .er qing zhi chu bian .you zi wei yi mei .er kou zhe shi zhi ye .wu wei wan shu .er da tong yu mei .qu bian sui zhong .yi da tong yu he .mei you gan .he you le .ran sui qu zhi qing .jin yu he yu .ying mei zhi kou .jue yu gan jing .an de ai le yu qi jian zai .ran ren qing bu tong .ge shi suo jie .ze fa qi suo huai .ruo yan ping he .ai le zheng deng .ze wu suo xian fa .gu zhong de zao jing .ruo you suo fa .ze shi you zhu yu nei .bu wei ping he ye .yi ci yan zhi .zao jing zhe .sheng zhi gong ye .ai le zhe .qing zhi zhu ye .bu ke jian sheng you zao jing zhi ying .yin wei ai le zhe jie you sheng yin ye .qie sheng yin sui you meng jing .meng jing ge you yi he .he zhi suo gan .mo bu zi fa .he yi ming zhi .fu hui bin ying tang .jiu han zou qin .huo xin ran er huan .huo can er qi .fei jin ai yu bi .dao le yu ci ye .qi yin wu bian yu xi .er huan qi bing yong .si fei .chui wan bu tong .xie .fu wei wu zhu yu xi nu .yi ying wu zhu yu ai le .gu huan qi ju jian .ruo zi pian gu zhi yin .han yi zhi zhi sheng .qi suo fa ming .ge dang qi fen .ze yan neng jian yu qun li .zong fa zhong qing xie .you shi yan zhi .sheng yin yi ping he wei ti .er gan wu wu chang .xin zhi yi suo si wei zhu .ying gan er fa .ran ze sheng zhi yu xin .shu tu yi gui .bu xiang jing wei .yan de ran tai he yu huan qi .zhui xu ming yu ai le zai .qin ke nan yue ..lun yun .meng jing zhi yin .ge you yi he .he zhi suo gan .mo bu zi fa .shi yi jiu han zou qin er huan qi bing yong .ci yan pian bing zhi qing xian ji yu nei .gu huai huan zhe zhi ai yin er fa .nei qi zhe yu le sheng er gan ye .fu yin sheng zi dang you yi ding zhi ai le .dan sheng hua chi huan bu ke cang zu .bu neng dui yi .pian zhong zhi qing .chu wu er zuo .gu jin ai le tong shi er ying er .sui er qing ju jian .ze he sun yu sheng yin you ding li xie .zhu ren da yue ..nan yun .ai le zi you ding sheng .dan pian zhong zhi qing .bu ke zu yi .gu huai qi zhe yu le sheng er ai er .ji ru suo yan .sheng you ding fen .jia shi .lu ming .zhong zou .shi le sheng ye .er ling qi zhe yu zhi .sui sheng hua chi huan .dan dang bu neng shi bian ling huan er .he de geng yi ai xie .you yi jue zhi huo .sui wei neng wen yi shi .bu yi fu zeng qi han yi .fu huo fei long han zhi wu .le fei zeng ai zhi ju ye .li xian gao tang er huan qi bing yong zhe .zhi zhi he zhi fa zhi dao qing .gu ling wai wu suo gan de zi jin er .nan yun .pian zhong zhi qing .chu wu er zuo .gu ling ai le tong shi er ying er .fu yan ai zhe .huo jian ji zhang er qi .huo du yu fu er bei .tu yi gan ren wang er wu cun .tong shi xian er xing qian .qi suo yi hui zhi .jie zi you you .bu wei chu di er sheng ai .dang xi er lei chu ye .jin jian ji zhang yi zhi gan .ting he sheng er liu ti zhe .si fei he zhi suo gan .mo bu zi fa ye ..qin ke nan yue ..lun yun .jiu han zou qin er huan qi bing yong .yu tong ci yan .gu da yi pian qing gan wu er fa er .jin qie yin xin er yan .ming zhi yi cheng xiao .fu ren xin bu huan ze qi .bu qi ze huan .ci qing zhi zhi da yu ye .ran qi shi qi zhi shang .xiao shi huan zhi yong .gai wen qi .chu zhi qu zhe .wei du qi ai ti zhi rong .er wei zeng jian xiao jue zhi mao .ci bi qi .chu zhi qu .yi ai wei ti .gu qi suo gan .jie ying qi du liang .qi tu yi duo zhong er shao bian .ze zhi qing yi er si zhuan xie .ruo cheng neng zhi qi .ze sheng yin zhi you ai le .duan ke zhi yi ..zhu ren da yue ..sui ren qing gan yu ai le .ai le ge you duo shao .you ai le zhi ji .bu bi tong zhi ye .fu xiao ai rong huai .shen bei er qi .ai zhi fang ye .xiao huan yan yue .zhi le xin yu .le zhi li ye .he yi ming zhi .fu zhi qin an yu .ze tian ruo zi ran .suo zi de ye .ji zai wei ji .jin ran hou ji .ze .bu ji ren wu .you ci yan zhi .ren wu zhi bu ruo xiang zhi zi de .qi bu ran zai ..zhi fu xiao jue sui chu yu huan qing .ran zi yi li cheng you fei zi ran ying sheng zhi ju ye .ci wei le zhi ying sheng .yi zi de wei zhu .ai zhi ying gan .yi chui ti wei gu .chui ti ze xing dong er ke jue .zi de ze shen he er wu you .shi yi guan qi yi er bu shi qi tong .bie qi wai er wei cha qi nei er .ran xiao jue zhi bu xian yu sheng yin .qi du qi chu zhi qu xie .jin bu qiu le yu zi de zhi yu .er yi wu xiao jue wei qi .chu ti ai .qi bu zhi ai er bu shi le hu ..qin ke wen yue ..zhong ni you yan ..yi feng yi su .mo shan yu le ..ji ru suo lun .fan bai ai le .jie bu zai sheng .ji yi feng yi su .guo yi he wu xie .you gu ren shen mi mi zhi feng .yi xin yao er zhi sheng .gu yue ..fang zheng sheng .yuan ning ren ..ran ze zheng wei zhi yin ji ming qiu yi xie shen ren .gan wen zheng ya zhi ti .long bi suo ji .feng su cheng yi .xi you er ji .xing zhong wen zhi .yi wu suo yi ..zhu ren ying zhi yue ..fu yan yi feng yi su zhe .bi cheng shuai bi zhi hou ye .gu zhi wang zhe .cheng tian li wu .bi chong jian yi zhi jiao .yu wu wei zhi zhi .jun jing yu shang .chen shun yu xia .xuan hua qian tong .tian ren jiao tai .ku gao zhi lei .jin yu ling ye .liu he zhi nei .mu yu hong liu .dang di chen gou .qun sheng an yi .zi qiu duo fu .mo ran cong dao .huai zhong bao yi .er bu jue qi suo yi ran ye .he xin zu yu nei .he qi jian yu wai .gu ge yi xu zhi .ren wu yi xuan qing .ran hou wen zhi yi cai zhang .zhao zhi yi feng ya .bo zhi yi ba yin .gan zhi yi tai he .dao qi shen qi .yang er jiu zhi .ying qi qing xing .zhi er ming zhi .shi xin yu li xiang shun .qi yu sheng xiang ying .he hu hui tong .yi ji qi mei .gu kai le zhi qing .jian yu jin shi .han hong guang da .xian yu yin sheng ye .ruo yi wang ze wan guo tong feng .fang rong ji mao .fu ru qiu lan .bu qi er xin .bu mou er cheng .mu ran xiang ai .you shu jin cai .er can bing ke guan ye .da dao zhi long .mo sheng yu zi .tai ping zhi ye .mo xian yu ci .gu yue ..yi feng yi su .mo shan yu le ..le zhi wei ti .yi xin wei zhu .gu wu sheng zhi le .min zhi fu mu ye .zhi ba yin hui xie .ren zhi suo yue .yi zong wei zhi le .ran feng su yi yi .bu zai ci ye .fu yin sheng he bi .ren qing suo bu neng yi zhe ye .shi yi gu ren zhi qing zhi bu ke fang .gu yi qi suo dun .zhi yu zhi bu ke jue .gu yin qi suo zi .wei ke feng zhi li .zhi ke dao zhi le .kou bu jin wei .le bu ji yin .kui zhong shi zhi yi .du xian yu zhi zhong .wei zhi jian ze .shi yuan jin tong feng .yong er bu jie .yi suo yi jie zhong xin .zhuo bu qian ye .gu xiang xiao xiang shu yi sui zhi bian .si zhu yu zu dou bing cun .yu mao yu yi rang ju yong .zheng yan yu he sheng tong fa .shi jiang ting shi sheng ye .bi wen ci yan .jiang guan shi rong ye .bi chong ci li .li you bin zhu sheng jiang .ran hou chou cu xing yan .yu shi yan yu zhi jie .sheng yin zhi du .yi rang zhi yi .dong zhi zhi shu .jin tui xiang xu .gong wei yi ti .jun chen yong zhi yu chao .shu shi yong zhi yu jia .shao er xi zhi .chang er bu dai .xin an zhi gu .cong shan ri qian .ran hou lin zhi yi jing .chi zhi yi jiu er bu bian .ran hou hua cheng .ci you xian wang yong le zhi yi ye .gu chao yan pin xiang .jia le bi cun .shi yi guo shi cai feng su zhi sheng shuai .ji zhi le gong .xuan zhi guan xian .shi yan zhi zhe wu zui .wen zhi zhe zu yi zi jie .ci you xian wang yong le zhi yi ye .ruo fu zheng sheng .shi yin sheng zhi zhi miao .miao yin gan ren .you mei se huo zhi .dan .huang jiu .yi yi sang ye .zi fei zhi ren .shu neng yu zhi .xian wang kong tian xia liu er bu fan .gu ju qi ba yin .bu du qi sheng .jue qi da he .bu qiong qi bian .juan yao tiao zhi sheng .shi le er bu yin .you da geng bu he .bu ji shao yao zhi wei ye .ruo liu su qian jin .ze sheng bu zu yue .you fei suo huan ye .ruo shang shi qi dao .guo sang qi ji .nan nv ben sui .yin huang wu du .ze feng yi ci bian .su yi hao cheng .shang qi suo zhi .ze qun neng si zhi .le qi suo xi .ze he yi zhu zhi .tuo yu he sheng .pei er chang zhi .cheng dong yu yan .xin gan yu he .feng su yi cheng .yin er ming zhi .ran suo ming zhi sheng .wu zhong yu yin xie ye .yin zhi yu zheng tong hu xin .ya .zheng zhi ti .yi zu yi guan yi ..can yang xi ru yan .mao wu fang gu seng .luo ye ren he zai .han yun lu ji ceng . du qiao chu ye qing .xian yi yi zhi teng .shi jie wei chen li .wu ning ai yu zeng .xi ren deng lan chu .yi ge da jiang yu .die lang you shi you .xian yun wu ri wu .chu tian qian li qing qiu .shui sui tian qu qiu wu ji .yao cen yuan mu .xian chou gong hen .yu zan luo ji .luo ri lou tou .duan hong sheng li .jiang nan you zi .ba wu gou kan liao .lan gan pai bian .wu ren hui .deng lin yi ..lan gan yi zuo .lan gan .xiu shuo lu yu kan kuai .jin xi feng .ji ying gui wei .qiu tian wen she .pa ying xiu jian .liu lang cai qi .ke xi liu nian .you chou feng yu .shu you ru ci .qian he ren huan qu .hong jin cui xiu .wen ying xiong lei .fan hua shi san zhu xiang chen .liu shui wu qing cao zi chun .ri mu dong feng yuan ti niao .luo hua you si zhui lou ren .zhi ren guang su .da xiao tong shen .qian yi biao xing .gong wei li shen .

村老(lao)见了我，十分欣喜，为我设宴，打开了酒樽。
前时之闻：以前的(de)名声。东西南北四方土地，哪边更长哪边更多？
乳酪：用(yong)牛、马、羊乳炼制成的一种食品，味甜美。俗称奶豆腐。你如同谢公最受偏爱的女儿，嫁给我这个贫士事事不顺利。
13.玉川破屋应数间：唐卢仝，号玉川子。家中贫穷。“破屋数间”，语本韩愈《寄卢仝》：“玉川先生洛城里，破屋数间而已矣。”箭靶已树起(qi)目标鲜明，大幅的布侯也挂定。
167、羿：指后羿。少年人如果不及时努力，到老来只能是悔恨一生。
③平生：平素，平常(chang)。　　几天后，孟子在觐见齐王时问道：“大王曾经和庄子谈论过爱好音乐，有(you)这回事吗？”
（57）而：表并列。抚：安抚，使……归顺。四夷：四方的少数民族。另一个小孩子认为太阳刚刚升起的时候距离人比较远，而正午的时候距离人比较近。
37.须臾客去，予亦就睡(shui)：这时的作者与客已经舍舟登岸，客去而作者就寝于室内，看下文的“开户”便明。什么时候能够给骏马套上镶金的笼头，让它在秋日辽阔的原野尽情(qing)驰骋。
（85）雕龙：据《史记(ji)·孟子荀卿列传》载，驺奭写文章，善于闳辩。所(suo)以齐人称颂为“雕龙奭”。

　　第二首则突出一点，作具体刻画。情是抽象的，必须因事因景才能写出；至于写得“尽意”，则尤其难得。梅尧臣先从自己的“出门”与“归来”写起。司马迁写自己的悲痛心情，有“居则忽忽若有所亡，出则不知所注”，即是从“居”、“出”着笔的。梅尧臣的“每出身如梦”，比“不知所往”，表达更明晰。心在谢氏身上，故出门也像做梦一样；“出门”“逢人”，也只是勉强应付。“出门”时有人谈论，还可稍解悲戚；“归来”时则孤寂之感更甚。潘岳《悼亡》诗“望庐思其人，入室想所历”，亦即此情此景之写照。人在“出门”时有所见闻，回来总想向亲人讲讲，可是人亡室空，无人可以倾诉了。这一点写出了最难写的情意。接下去写“窗冷孤萤入，宵长一雁过”。古人把丧妻之夫，比作鳏鱼，谓其夜不闭眼。这两句也就是描写长夜失眠的景况。由于长夜难眠，所以窗中飞入“孤萤”、天空一声雁叫，皆能察觉得到。这两句刻画得尤为真切。正所谓“含不尽之意，见于言外。”“世间无最苦”，谓世上没有比此更痛苦的事了，他的精神全部被这难熬的时光销磨殆尽了。语近夸张，但非此写不出镂心刻骨之痛。
　　在这三首诗中陶渊明表达了他的人生哲学，故此三诗对理解陶渊明一生的思想极为重要。据陈寅恪先生《陶渊明之思想与清谈之关系》所述，渊明笃守先世崇奉之天师道信仰，故以道家自然观为立论之本，既不同于魏晋时期的自然崇仰者，以放情山水，服食求仙为尚，如嵇康、阮籍等人，又不同于魏晋时期的尊奉孔孟、标举名教者，如何曾之流，而渊明既接受了老庄的思想，又有感于晋宋之际的社会现实，于是创为一种新的自然说。《形影神》这组诗中就典型地体现了这种思想。故此诗不仅体现了渊明个人之哲学观，而且对理解自曹魏末至东晋时士大夫政治思想、人生观念的演变历程有极重要之意义。按此说法，《形赠影》一首就是拟托旧自然说的观点，并加以批评。其中主旨在于说明人生之短暂，不如自然之永恒，这正是嵇康、阮籍等人对自然所抱的看法。持旧自然说的人又大多求长生，学神仙，而渊明诗中说：“我无腾化术，必尔不复疑”，其抨击长生求仙之术的立场明显可见。同时魏晋之间崇尚自然的人又往往于酒中求得解脱，以求在乱世中苟全性命，如阮籍与刘伶等人，故陶诗中也拟其说而有“得酒莫苟辞”的说法。
　　秋，在大自然中，扮演的永远是一个悲怀的角色，它的“瘦”早已成为一种独特的意象，让一代代的人不停的咀嚼、回味。于是，秋，便在一页页枯色的纸张里，在一个个方正的汉字中低吟，把那缕缕的哀怨、愁绪、思念、牵挂，熏染得迷迷离离。
　　在中国的传统中，对女子的要求从来是严苛的。所谓“妇德、妇言、妇功、妇容”，便是古代的男子世界所强加给女子必须习练的“妇教”。其要在于规定女子必须“贞顺”、“婉媚”和勤于丝麻织作之劳，老老实实作男子的附庸和婢妾，若非如此，便不配为人之妇。此诗所表现的，便正是一位“待归”女子勤于“妇功”的情景。
　　这首诗采用倒叙的写法，先写拂晓时景物，然后追忆昨夜的景色及夜半钟声，全诗有声有色，有情有景，情景交融。
　　蜀道在崇山峻岭上迂回盘绕，人在栈道上走，山崖峭壁宛如迎面而来，从人的脸侧重迭而起，云气依傍着马头而升起翻腾，像是腾云驾雾一般。“起”、“生”两个动词用得极好，生动地表现了栈道的狭窄、险峻、高危，想象诡异，境界奇美，写得气韵飞动。
　　这组诗的用典之妙，在于自如，在于信手拈来，因而用之，借其一端，发挥出无尽的诗意。典故的活用，原是李白七绝的特长之一。此诗在艺术上的成功与此是分不开的，不特因为写景入妙。
　　第二个场面：重寻不遇。还是春光烂漫、百花吐艳的季节，还是花木扶疏、桃树掩映的门户，然而，使这一切都增光添彩的“人面”却不知何处去，只剩下门前一树桃花仍旧在春风中凝情含笑。桃花在春风中含笑的联想，本从“人面桃花相映红”得来。去年今日，伫立桃树下的那位不期而遇的少女，想必是凝睇含笑，脉脉含情的；而今，人面杳然，依旧含笑的桃花只能引动对往事的美好回忆和好景不常的感慨了。“依旧”二字，正含有无限怅惘。
　　此诗共十六句，分三部分。前六句开门见山写虎的凶恶。开始四句以赋的笔法说明戈也不能冲击它，弩也不能弹射它，乳孙哺子，相继为非。五、六两句极言其作恶之甚。当时藩镇拥兵自重，不听朝廷调度，不仅自署文武官吏，征收赋税，甚至以土地传之子孙，父死子握其兵权，企图夺取唐王朝的天下。由于各镇时有叛乱，藩镇和朝廷的战争以及藩镇之间的混战，此起彼伏，严重地破坏了生产，给人民带来无限痛苦。诗人以极大的愤慨面对现实，捕捉住事物最突出的本质特征，以此喻象建立起可感的形象，指摘时弊，切中要害。