二苏翰墨仙，同谪百蛮里。时有田舍翁，结茅住行李。尔来三十年，闻名辄掩耳。天定能胜入，稍复蒙料理。公卿寻断编，台隶藏敝屣。败屋亦见修，变故乃如此。开轩画遗像，凛凛有生气。却恨封德彝，不见盛时死。兄弟对床眠，此意孤一世。骑鲸傥相逢，笑人真好事。短树依岩无败叶，梅花当路少全梢。水村时有短长桥。双绾香螺春意浅，缓歌金缕楚云留。不知妆镜若为俦。废堞披榛旧，羁卧毕命心。江湖吞故壑，貌相匪斯今。激烈功名在，低徊岁月深。胥门沙衍浅，碑首未应沉。富山元宵赏灯朱衣锦带黄金镫，前后羽林兵。当空皓月悬秋镜，兰麝馨。箫鼓鸣，天街净。灯界珠绳，春蔼花屏、御辇上翠逍遥，宫林传金错落，歌女口玉娉婷。赏良夜好景，听乐府新声。庆元正，口队伍，乐升平。待天明，未收灯，宝筝前殿引长生。铁瓮千年富山城。西台一点老人星。《正宫》黑漆弩为乐府焦元美赋用冯海粟韵画船来向高沙驻，便上蹑探梅吟履。对金山有玉娉婷，两点愁峰眉聚。【幺】倚西风目断行云，懒唱大江东去。借中郎爨尾冰弦，记老杜曾游此处。别高沙诸友用鹦鹉曲韵相从一月秦邮住，笑我是不耕种村父。话醒吟酒不成欢，灯下怯云羞雨。【幺】想梅花梦到孤山，又逐雪鸿南去。寨儿中燕侣莺俦，远望我认旗指出。席门无计那残阳，更接檐前七步廊。金机响空闻玉梭，粉墙高似隔银河。闲绣床，纱窗下过，佯咳嗽喷绒香唾。频唤梅香为甚么？则要他认的那声音儿是我。月日，居易白。微之足下：自足下谪江陵至于今，凡枉赠答诗仅百篇。每诗来，或辱序，或辱书，冠于卷首，皆所以陈古今歌诗之义，且自叙为文因缘，与年月之远近也。仆既受足下诗，又谕足下此意，常欲承答来旨，粗论歌诗大端，并自述为文之意，总为一书，致足下前。累岁已来，牵故少暇，间有容隙，或欲为之；又自思所陈，亦无出足下之见；临纸复罢者数四，卒不能成就其志，以至于今。今俟罪浔阳，除盥栉食寝外无余事，因览足下去通州日所留新旧文二十六轴，开卷得意，忽如会面，心所畜者，便欲快言，往往自疑，不知相去万里也。既而愤悱之气，思有所浊，遂追就前志，勉为此书，足下幸试为仆留意一省。夫文，尚矣，三才各有文。天之文三光首之；地之文五材首之；人之文《六经》首之。就《六经》言，《诗》又首之。何者？圣人感人心而天下和平。感人心者，莫先乎情，莫始乎言，莫切乎声，莫深乎义。诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。上自圣贤，下至愚騃，微及豚鱼，幽及鬼神。群分而气同，形异而情一。未有声入而不应、情交而不感者。圣人知其然，因其言，经之以六义；缘其声，纬之以五音。音有韵，义有类。韵协则言顺，言顺则声易入；类举则情见，情见则感易交。于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。五帝三皇所以直道而行、垂拱而理者，揭此以为大柄，决此以为大窦也。故闻“元首明，股肱良”之歌，则知虞道昌矣。闻五子洛汭之歌，则知夏政荒矣。言者无罪，闻者足诫，言者闻者莫不两尽其心焉。洎周衰秦兴，采诗官废，上不以诗补察时政，下不以歌泄导人情。用至于谄成之风动，救失之道缺。于时六义始剚矣。《国风》变为《骚辞》，五言始于苏、李。《诗》、《骚》皆不遇者，各系其志，发而为文。故河梁之句，止于伤别；泽畔之吟，归于怨思。彷徨抑郁，不暇及他耳。然去《诗》未远，梗概尚存。故兴离别则引双凫一雁为喻，讽君子小人则引香草恶鸟为比。虽义类不具，犹得风人之什二三焉。于时六义始缺矣。晋、宋已还，得者盖寡。以康乐之奥博，多溺于山水；以渊明之高古，偏放于田园。江、鲍之流，又狭于此。如梁鸿《五噫》之例者，百无一二。于时六义浸微矣！陵夷至于梁、陈间，率不过嘲风雪、弄花草而已。噫！风雪花草之物，三百篇中岂舍之乎？顾所用何如耳。设如“北风其凉”，假风以刺威虐；“雨雪霏霏”，因雪以愍征役；“棠棣之华”，感华以讽兄弟；“采采芣苡”，美草以乐有子也。皆兴发于此而义归于彼。反是者，可乎哉！然则“余霞散成绮，澄江净如练”，“归花先委露，别叶乍辞风”之什，丽则丽矣，吾不知其所讽焉。故仆所谓嘲风雪、弄花草而已。于时六义尽去矣。唐兴二百年，其间诗人不可胜数。所可举者，陈子昂有《感遇诗》二十首，鲍防《感兴诗》十五篇。又诗之豪者，世称李、杜。李之作，才矣！奇矣！人不迨矣！索其风雅比兴，十无一焉。杜诗最多，可传者千余首。至于贯穿古今，覙缕格律，尽工尽善，又过于李焉。然撮其《新安》、《石壕》、《潼关吏》、《芦子关》、《花门》之章，“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”之句，亦不过十三四。杜尚如此，况不迨杜者乎？仆常痛诗道崩坏，忽忽愤发，或废食辍寝，不量才力，欲扶起之。嗟乎！事有大谬者，又不可一二而言，然亦不能不粗陈于左右。仆始生六七月时，乳母抱弄于书屏下，有指“之”字、“无”字示仆者，仆口未能言，心已默识。后有问此二字者，虽百十其试，而指之不差。则知仆宿习之缘，已在文字中矣。及五六岁，便学为诗。九岁谙识声韵。十五六，始知有进士，苦节读书。二十已来，昼课赋，夜课书，间又课诗，不遑寝息矣。以至于口舌成疮，手肘成胝。既壮而肤革不丰盈，未老而齿发早衰白；瞀瞀然如飞蝇垂珠在眸子中者，动以万数，盖以苦学力文之所致，又自悲。家贫多故，二十七方从乡赋。既第之后，虽专于科试，亦不废诗。及授校书郎时，已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下辈，见皆谓之工，其实未窥作者之域耳。自登朝来，年齿渐长，阅事渐多。每与人言，多询时务；每读书史，多求理道。始知文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。是时皇帝初即位，宰府有正人，屡降玺书，访人急病。仆当此日，擢在翰林，身是谏官，月请谏纸。启奏之间，有可以救济人病，裨补时阙，而难于指言者，辄咏歌之，欲稍稍进闻于上。上以广宸听，副忧勤；次以酬恩奖，塞言责；下以复吾平生之志。岂图志未就而悔已生，言未闻而谤已成矣！又请为左右终言之。凡闻仆《贺雨诗》，众口籍籍，以为非宜矣；闻仆《哭孔戡诗》，众面脉脉，尽不悦矣；闻《秦中吟》，则权豪贵近者，相目而变色矣；闻《登乐游园》寄足下诗，则执政柄者扼腕矣；闻《宿紫阁村》诗，则握军要者切齿矣！大率如此，不可遍举。不相与者，号为沽誉，号为诋讦，号为讪谤。苟相与者，则如牛僧孺之诫焉。乃至骨肉妻孥，皆以我为非也。其不我非者，举世不过三两人。有邓鲂者，见仆诗而喜，无何鲂死。有唐衢者，见仆诗而泣，未几而衢死。其余即足下。足下又十年来困踬若此。呜唿！岂六义四始之风，天将破坏，不可支持耶？抑又不知天意不欲使下人病苦闻于上耶？不然，何有志于诗者，不利若此之甚也！然仆又自思关东一男子耳，除读书属文外，其他懵然无知，乃至书画棋博，可以接群居之欢者，一无通晓，即其愚拙可知矣！初应进士时，中朝无缌麻之亲，达官无半面之旧；策蹇步于利足之途，张空拳于战文之场。十年之间，三登科第，名落众耳，迹升清贯，出交贤俊，入侍冕旒。始得名于文章，终得罪于文章，亦其宜也。日者闻亲友间说，礼、吏部举选人，多以仆私试赋判为准的。其余诗句，亦往往在人口中。仆恧然自愧，不之信也。及再来长安，又闻有军使高霞寓者，欲聘倡妓，妓大夸曰：“我诵得白学士《长恨歌》，岂同他哉？”由是增价。又足下书云：到通州日，见江馆柱间有题仆诗者。何人哉？又昨过汉南日，适遇主人集众娱乐，他宾诸妓见仆来，指而相顾曰：此是《秦中吟》、《长恨歌》主耳。自长安抵江西三四千里，凡乡校、佛寺、逆旅、行舟之中，往往有题仆诗者；士庶、僧徒、孀妇、处女之口，每有咏仆诗者。此诚雕篆之戏，不足为多，然今时俗所重，正在此耳。虽前贤如渊、云者，前辈如李、杜者，亦未能忘情于其间。古人云：“名者公器，不可多取。”仆是何者，窃时之名已多。既窃时名，又欲窃时之富贵，使己为造物者，肯兼与之乎？今之屯穷，理固然也。况诗人多蹇，如陈子昂、杜甫，各授一拾遗，而屯剥至死。孟浩然辈不及一命，穷悴终身。近日孟郊六十，终试协律；张籍五十，未离一太祝。彼何人哉！况仆之才又不迨彼。今虽谪佐远郡，而官品至第五，月俸四五万，寒有衣，饥有食，给身之外，施及家人。亦可谓不负白氏子矣。微之，微之！勿念我哉！仆数月来，检讨囊帙中，得新旧诗，各以类分，分为卷目。自拾遗来，凡所遇所感，关于美刺兴比者；又自武德至元和，因事立题，题为“新乐府”者，共一百五十首，谓之讽谕诗。又或退公独处，或移动病闲居，知足保和，吟玩性情者一百首，谓之”闲适诗“。又有事物牵于外，情理动于内，随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首，谓之”感伤诗“。又有五言、七言、长句、绝句，自一百韵至两百韵者四百余首，谓之”杂律诗“。凡为十五卷，约八百首。异时相见，当尽致于执事。微之，古人云：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。”仆虽不肖，常师此语。大丈夫所守者道，所待者时。时之来也，为云龙，为风鹏，勃然突然，陈力以出；时之不来也，为雾豹，为冥鸿，寂兮寥兮，奉身而退。进退出处，何往而不自得哉！故仆志在兼济，行在独善，奉而始终之则为道，言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗，兼济之志也；谓之闲适诗，独善之义也。故览仆诗者，知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗，或诱于一时一物，发于一笑一吟，率然成章，非平生所尚者，但以亲朋合散之际，取其释恨佐欢，今铨次之间，未能删去。他时有为我编集斯文者，略之可也。微之，夫贵耳贱目，荣古陋今，人之大情也。仆不能远征古旧，如近岁韦苏州歌行，才丽之外，颇近兴讽；其五言诗，又高雅闲淡，自成一家之体，今之秉笔者谁能及之？然当苏州在时，人亦未甚爱重，必待身后，人始贵之。今仆之诗，人所爱者，悉不过杂律诗与《长恨歌》已下耳。时之所重，仆之所轻。至于讽谕者，意激而言质；闲适者，思澹而辞迂。以质合迂，宜人之不爱也。今所爱者，并世而生，独足下耳。然百千年后，安知复无如足下者出，而知爱我诗哉？故自八九年来，与足下小通则以诗相戒，小穷则以诗相勉，索居则以诗相慰，同处则以诗相娱。知吾罪吾，率以诗也。如今年春游城南时，与足下马上相戏，因各诵新艳小律，不杂他篇，自皇子陂归昭国里，迭吟递唱，不绝声者二十里余。攀、李在傍，无所措口。知我者以为诗仙，不知我者以为诗魔。何则？劳心灵，役声气，连朝接夕，不自知其苦，非魔而何？偶同人当美景，或花时宴罢，或月夜酒酣，一咏一吟，不觉老之将至。虽骖鸾鹤、游蓬瀛者之适，无以加于此焉，又非仙而何？微之，微之！此吾所以与足下外形骸、脱踪迹、傲轩鼎、轻人寰者，又以此也。当此之时，足下兴有余力，且欲与仆悉索还往中诗，取其尤长者，如张十八古乐府，李二十新歌行，卢、杨二秘书律诗，窦七、元八绝句，博搜精掇，编而次之，号为《元白往还集》。众君子得拟议于此者，莫不踊跃欣喜，以为盛事。嗟乎！言未终而足下左转，不数月而仆又继行，心期索然，何日成就？又可为之太息矣！仆常语足下，凡人为文，私于自是，不忍于割截，或失于繁多。其间妍媸，益又自惑。必待交友有公鉴无姑息者，讨论而削夺之，然后繁简当否，得其中矣。况仆与足下，为文尤患其多。己尚病，况他人乎？今且各纂诗笔，粗为卷第，待与足下相见日，各出所有，终前志焉。又不知相遇是何年，相见是何地，溘然而至，则如之何？微之知我心哉！浔阳腊月，江风苦寒，岁暮鲜欢，夜长少睡。引笔铺纸，悄然灯前，有念则书，言无铨次。勿以繁杂为倦，且以代一夕之话言也。居易自叙如此，文士以为信然。

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shang cui xiao yao .gong lin chuan jin cuo luo .ge nv kou yu pin ting .shang liang ye hao jing .ting le fu xin sheng .qing yuan zheng .kou dui wu .le sheng ping .dai tian ming .wei shou deng .bao zheng qian dian yin chang sheng .tie weng qian nian fu shan cheng .xi tai yi dian lao ren xing ..zheng gong .hei qi nu wei le fu jiao yuan mei fu yong feng hai su yun hua chuan lai xiang gao sha zhu .bian shang nie tan mei yin lv .dui jin shan you yu pin ting .liang dian chou feng mei ju ..yao .yi xi feng mu duan xing yun .lan chang da jiang dong qu .jie zhong lang cuan wei bing xian .ji lao du zeng you ci chu .bie gao sha zhu you yong ying wu qu yun xiang cong yi yue qin you zhu .xiao wo shi bu geng zhong cun fu .hua xing yin jiu bu cheng huan .deng xia qie yun xiu yu ..yao .xiang mei hua meng dao gu shan .you zhu xue hong nan qu .zhai er zhong yan lv ying chou .yuan wang wo ren qi zhi chu .xi men wu ji na can yang .geng jie yan qian qi bu lang .jin ji xiang kong wen yu suo .fen qiang gao si ge yin he .xian xiu chuang .sha chuang xia guo .yang ke su pen rong xiang tuo .pin huan mei xiang wei shen me .ze yao ta ren de na sheng yin er shi wo .yue ri .ju yi bai .wei zhi zu xia .zi zu xia zhe jiang ling zhi yu jin .fan wang zeng da shi jin bai pian .mei shi lai .huo ru xu .huo ru shu .guan yu juan shou .jie suo yi chen gu jin ge shi zhi yi .qie zi xu wei wen yin yuan .yu nian yue zhi yuan jin ye .pu ji shou zu xia shi .you yu zu xia ci yi .chang yu cheng da lai zhi .cu lun ge shi da duan .bing zi shu wei wen zhi yi .zong wei yi shu .zhi zu xia qian .lei sui yi lai .qian gu shao xia .jian you rong xi .huo yu wei zhi .you zi si suo chen .yi wu chu zu xia zhi jian .lin zhi fu ba zhe shu si .zu bu neng cheng jiu qi zhi .yi zhi yu jin .jin si zui xun yang .chu guan zhi shi qin wai wu yu shi .yin lan zu xia qu tong zhou ri suo liu xin jiu wen er shi liu zhou .kai juan de yi .hu ru hui mian .xin suo xu zhe .bian yu kuai yan .wang wang zi yi .bu zhi xiang qu wan li ye .ji er fen fei zhi qi .si you suo zhuo .sui zhui jiu qian zhi .mian wei ci shu .zu xia xing shi wei pu liu yi yi sheng .fu wen .shang yi .san cai ge you wen .tian zhi wen san guang shou zhi .di zhi wen wu cai shou zhi .ren zhi wen .liu jing .shou zhi .jiu .liu jing .yan ..shi .you shou zhi .he zhe .sheng ren gan ren xin er tian xia he ping .gan ren xin zhe .mo xian hu qing .mo shi hu yan .mo qie hu sheng .mo shen hu yi .shi zhe .gen qing .miao yan .hua sheng .shi yi .shang zi sheng xian .xia zhi yu si .wei ji tun yu .you ji gui shen .qun fen er qi tong .xing yi er qing yi .wei you sheng ru er bu ying .qing jiao er bu gan zhe .sheng ren zhi qi ran .yin qi yan .jing zhi yi liu yi .yuan qi sheng .wei zhi yi wu yin .yin you yun .yi you lei .yun xie ze yan shun .yan shun ze sheng yi ru .lei ju ze qing jian .qing jian ze gan yi jiao .yu shi hu yun da han shen .guan wei dong mi .shang xia tong er yi qi tai .you le he er bai zhi xi .wu di san huang suo yi zhi dao er xing .chui gong er li zhe .jie ci yi wei da bing .jue ci yi wei da dou ye .gu wen .yuan shou ming .gu gong liang .zhi ge .ze zhi yu dao chang yi .wen wu zi luo rui zhi ge .ze zhi xia zheng huang yi .yan zhe wu zui .wen zhe zu jie .yan zhe wen zhe mo bu liang jin qi xin yan .ji zhou shuai qin xing .cai shi guan fei .shang bu yi shi bu cha shi zheng .xia bu yi ge xie dao ren qing .yong zhi yu chan cheng zhi feng dong .jiu shi zhi dao que .yu shi liu yi shi zi yi ..guo feng .bian wei .sao ci ..wu yan shi yu su .li ..shi ...sao .jie bu yu zhe .ge xi qi zhi .fa er wei wen .gu he liang zhi ju .zhi yu shang bie .ze pan zhi yin .gui yu yuan si .fang huang yi yu .bu xia ji ta er .ran qu .shi .wei yuan .geng gai shang cun .gu xing li bie ze yin shuang fu yi yan wei yu .feng jun zi xiao ren ze yin xiang cao e niao wei bi .sui yi lei bu ju .you de feng ren zhi shi er san yan .yu shi liu yi shi que yi .jin .song yi huan .de zhe gai gua .yi kang le zhi ao bo .duo ni yu shan shui .yi yuan ming zhi gao gu .pian fang yu tian yuan .jiang .bao zhi liu .you xia yu ci .ru liang hong .wu yi .zhi li zhe .bai wu yi er .yu shi liu yi jin wei yi .ling yi zhi yu liang .chen jian .lv bu guo chao feng xue .nong hua cao er yi .yi .feng xue hua cao zhi wu .san bai pian zhong qi she zhi hu .gu suo yong he ru er .she ru .bei feng qi liang ..jia feng yi ci wei nue ..yu xue fei fei ..yin xue yi min zheng yi ..tang di zhi hua ..gan hua yi feng xiong di ..cai cai fu yi ..mei cao yi le you zi ye .jie xing fa yu ci er yi gui yu bi .fan shi zhe .ke hu zai .ran ze .yu xia san cheng qi .cheng jiang jing ru lian ...gui hua xian wei lu .bie ye zha ci feng .zhi shi .li ze li yi .wu bu zhi qi suo feng yan .gu pu suo wei chao feng xue .nong hua cao er yi .yu shi liu yi jin qu yi .tang xing er bai nian .qi jian shi ren bu ke sheng shu .suo ke ju zhe .chen zi ang you .gan yu shi .er shi shou .bao fang .gan xing shi .shi wu pian .you shi zhi hao zhe .shi cheng li .du .li zhi zuo .cai yi .qi yi .ren bu dai yi .suo qi feng ya bi xing .shi wu yi yan .du shi zui duo .ke chuan zhe qian yu shou .zhi yu guan chuan gu jin .zhen lv ge lv .jin gong jin shan .you guo yu li yan .ran cuo qi .xin an ...shi hao ...tong guan li ...lu zi guan ...hua men .zhi zhang ..zhu men jiu rou chou .lu you dong si gu .zhi ju .yi bu guo shi san si .du shang ru ci .kuang bu dai du zhe hu .pu chang tong shi dao beng huai .hu hu fen fa .huo fei shi chuo qin .bu liang cai li .yu fu qi zhi .jie hu .shi you da miu zhe .you bu ke yi er er yan .ran yi bu neng bu cu chen yu zuo you .pu shi sheng liu qi yue shi .ru mu bao nong yu shu ping xia .you zhi .zhi .zi ..wu .zi shi pu zhe .pu kou wei neng yan .xin yi mo shi .hou you wen ci er zi zhe .sui bai shi qi shi .er zhi zhi bu cha .ze zhi pu su xi zhi yuan .yi zai wen zi zhong yi .ji wu liu sui .bian xue wei shi .jiu sui an shi sheng yun .shi wu liu .shi zhi you jin shi .ku jie du shu .er shi yi lai .zhou ke fu .ye ke shu .jian you ke shi .bu huang qin xi yi .yi zhi yu kou she cheng chuang .shou zhou cheng zhi .ji zhuang er fu ge bu feng ying .wei lao er chi fa zao shuai bai .mao mao ran ru fei ying chui zhu zai mou zi zhong zhe .dong yi wan shu .gai yi ku xue li wen zhi suo zhi .you zi bei .jia pin duo gu .er shi qi fang cong xiang fu .ji di zhi hou .sui zhuan yu ke shi .yi bu fei shi .ji shou xiao shu lang shi .yi ying san si bai shou .huo chu shi jiao you ru zu xia bei .jian jie wei zhi gong .qi shi wei kui zuo zhe zhi yu er .zi deng chao lai .nian chi jian chang .yue shi jian duo .mei yu ren yan .duo xun shi wu .mei du shu shi .duo qiu li dao .shi zhi wen zhang he wei shi er zhuo .ge shi he wei shi er zuo .shi shi huang di chu ji wei .zai fu you zheng ren .lv jiang xi shu .fang ren ji bing .pu dang ci ri .zhuo zai han lin .shen shi jian guan .yue qing jian zhi .qi zou zhi jian .you ke yi jiu ji ren bing .bi bu shi que .er nan yu zhi yan zhe .zhe yong ge zhi .yu shao shao jin wen yu shang .shang yi guang chen ting .fu you qin .ci yi chou en jiang .sai yan ze .xia yi fu wu ping sheng zhi zhi .qi tu zhi wei jiu er hui yi sheng .yan wei wen er bang yi cheng yi .you qing wei zuo you zhong yan zhi .fan wen pu .he yu shi ..zhong kou ji ji .yi wei fei yi yi .wen pu .ku kong kan shi ..zhong mian mai mai .jin bu yue yi .wen .qin zhong yin ..ze quan hao gui jin zhe .xiang mu er bian se yi .wen .deng le you yuan .ji zu xia shi .ze zhi zheng bing zhe e wan yi .wen .su zi ge cun .shi .ze wo jun yao zhe qie chi yi .da lv ru ci .bu ke bian ju .bu xiang yu zhe .hao wei gu yu .hao wei di jie .hao wei shan bang .gou xiang yu zhe .ze ru niu seng ru zhi jie yan .nai zhi gu rou qi nu .jie yi wo wei fei ye .qi bu wo fei zhe .ju shi bu guo san liang ren .you deng fang zhe .jian pu shi er xi .wu he fang si .you tang qu zhe .jian pu shi er qi .wei ji er qu si .qi yu ji zu xia .zu xia you shi nian lai kun zhi ruo ci .wu hu .qi liu yi si shi zhi feng .tian jiang po huai .bu ke zhi chi ye .yi you bu zhi tian yi bu yu shi xia ren bing ku wen yu shang ye .bu ran .he you zhi yu shi zhe .bu li ruo ci zhi shen ye .ran pu you zi si guan dong yi nan zi er .chu du shu shu wen wai .qi ta meng ran wu zhi .nai zhi shu hua qi bo .ke yi jie qun ju zhi huan zhe .yi wu tong xiao .ji qi yu zhuo ke zhi yi .chu ying jin shi shi .zhong chao wu si ma zhi qin .da guan wu ban mian zhi jiu .ce jian bu yu li zu zhi tu .zhang kong quan yu zhan wen zhi chang .shi nian zhi jian .san deng ke di .ming luo zhong er .ji sheng qing guan .chu jiao xian jun .ru shi mian liu .shi de ming yu wen zhang .zhong de zui yu wen zhang .yi qi yi ye .ri zhe wen qin you jian shuo .li .li bu ju xuan ren .duo yi pu si shi fu pan wei zhun de .qi yu shi ju .yi wang wang zai ren kou zhong .pu nv ran zi kui .bu zhi xin ye .ji zai lai chang an .you wen you jun shi gao xia yu zhe .yu pin chang ji .ji da kua yue ..wo song de bai xue shi .chang hen ge ..qi tong ta zai ..you shi zeng jia .you zu xia shu yun .dao tong zhou ri .jian jiang guan zhu jian you ti pu shi zhe .he ren zai .you zuo guo han nan ri .shi yu zhu ren ji zhong yu le .ta bin zhu ji jian pu lai .zhi er xiang gu yue .ci shi .qin zhong yin ...chang hen ge .zhu er .zi chang an di jiang xi san si qian li .fan xiang xiao .fo si .ni lv .xing zhou zhi zhong .wang wang you ti pu shi zhe .shi shu .seng tu .shuang fu .chu nv zhi kou .mei you yong pu shi zhe .ci cheng diao zhuan zhi xi .bu zu wei duo .ran jin shi su suo zhong .zheng zai ci er .sui qian xian ru yuan .yun zhe .qian bei ru li .du zhe .yi wei neng wang qing yu qi jian .gu ren yun ..ming zhe gong qi .bu ke duo qu ..pu shi he zhe .qie shi zhi ming yi duo .ji qie shi ming .you yu qie shi zhi fu gui .shi ji wei zao wu zhe .ken jian yu zhi hu .jin zhi tun qiong .li gu ran ye .kuang shi ren duo jian .ru chen zi ang .du fu .ge shou yi shi yi .er tun bao zhi si .meng hao ran bei bu ji yi ming .qiong cui zhong shen .jin ri meng jiao liu shi .zhong shi xie lv .zhang ji wu shi .wei li yi tai zhu .bi he ren zai .kuang pu zhi cai you bu dai bi .jin sui zhe zuo yuan jun .er guan pin zhi di wu .yue feng si wu wan .han you yi .ji you shi .gei shen zhi wai .shi ji jia ren .yi ke wei bu fu bai shi zi yi .wei zhi .wei zhi .wu nian wo zai .pu shu yue lai .jian tao nang zhi zhong .de xin jiu shi .ge yi lei fen .fen wei juan mu .zi shi yi lai .fan suo yu suo gan .guan yu mei ci xing bi zhe .you zi wu de zhi yuan he .yin shi li ti .ti wei .xin le fu .zhe .gong yi bai wu shi shou .wei zhi feng yu shi .you huo tui gong du chu .huo yi dong bing xian ju .zhi zu bao he .yin wan xing qing zhe yi bai shou .wei zhi .xian shi shi ..you you shi wu qian yu wai .qing li dong yu nei .sui gan yu er xing yu tan yong zhe yi bai shou .wei zhi .gan shang shi ..you you wu yan .qi yan .chang ju .jue ju .zi yi bai yun zhi liang bai yun zhe si bai yu shou .wei zhi .za lv shi ..fan wei shi wu juan .yue ba bai shou .yi shi xiang jian .dang jin zhi yu zhi shi .wei zhi .gu ren yun ..qiong ze du shan qi shen .da ze jian ji tian xia ..pu sui bu xiao .chang shi ci yu .da zhang fu suo shou zhe dao .suo dai zhe shi .shi zhi lai ye .wei yun long .wei feng peng .bo ran tu ran .chen li yi chu .shi zhi bu lai ye .wei wu bao .wei ming hong .ji xi liao xi .feng shen er tui .jin tui chu chu .he wang er bu zi de zai .gu pu zhi zai jian ji .xing zai du shan .feng er shi zhong zhi ze wei dao .yan er fa ming zhi ze wei shi .wei zhi feng yu shi .jian ji zhi zhi ye .wei zhi xian shi shi .du shan zhi yi ye .gu lan pu shi zhe .zhi pu zhi dao yan .qi yu za lv shi .huo you yu yi shi yi wu .fa yu yi xiao yi yin .lv ran cheng zhang .fei ping sheng suo shang zhe .dan yi qin peng he san zhi ji .qu qi shi hen zuo huan .jin quan ci zhi jian .wei neng shan qu .ta shi you wei wo bian ji si wen zhe .lue zhi ke ye .wei zhi .fu gui er jian mu .rong gu lou jin .ren zhi da qing ye .pu bu neng yuan zheng gu jiu .ru jin sui wei su zhou ge xing .cai li zhi wai .po jin xing feng .qi wu yan shi .you gao ya xian dan .zi cheng yi jia zhi ti .jin zhi bing bi zhe shui neng ji zhi .ran dang su zhou zai shi .ren yi wei shen ai zhong .bi dai shen hou .ren shi gui zhi .jin pu zhi shi .ren suo ai zhe .xi bu guo za lv shi yu .chang hen ge .yi xia er .shi zhi suo zhong .pu zhi suo qing .zhi yu feng yu zhe .yi ji er yan zhi .xian shi zhe .si dan er ci you .yi zhi he you .yi ren zhi bu ai ye .jin suo ai zhe .bing shi er sheng .du zu xia er .ran bai qian nian hou .an zhi fu wu ru zu xia zhe chu .er zhi ai wo shi zai .gu zi ba jiu nian lai .yu zu xia xiao tong ze yi shi xiang jie .xiao qiong ze yi shi xiang mian .suo ju ze yi shi xiang wei .tong chu ze yi shi xiang yu .zhi wu zui wu .lv yi shi ye .ru jin nian chun you cheng nan shi .yu zu xia ma shang xiang xi .yin ge song xin yan xiao lv .bu za ta pian .zi huang zi bei gui zhao guo li .die yin di chang .bu jue sheng zhe er shi li yu .pan .li zai bang .wu suo cuo kou .zhi wo zhe yi wei shi xian .bu zhi wo zhe yi wei shi mo .he ze .lao xin ling .yi sheng qi .lian chao jie xi .bu zi zhi qi ku .fei mo er he .ou tong ren dang mei jing .huo hua shi yan ba .huo yue ye jiu han .yi yong yi yin .bu jue lao zhi jiang zhi .sui can luan he .you peng ying zhe zhi shi .wu yi jia yu ci yan .you fei xian er he .wei zhi .wei zhi .ci wu suo yi yu zu xia wai xing hai .tuo zong ji .ao xuan ding .qing ren huan zhe .you yi ci ye .dang ci zhi shi .zu xia xing you yu li .qie yu yu pu xi suo huan wang zhong shi .qu qi you chang zhe .ru zhang shi ba gu le fu .li er shi xin ge xing .lu .yang er mi shu lv shi .dou qi .yuan ba jue ju .bo sou jing duo .bian er ci zhi .hao wei .yuan bai wang huan ji ..zhong jun zi de ni yi yu ci zhe .mo bu yong yue xin xi .yi wei sheng shi .jie hu .yan wei zhong er zu xia zuo zhuan .bu shu yue er pu you ji xing .xin qi suo ran .he ri cheng jiu .you ke wei zhi tai xi yi .pu chang yu zu xia .fan ren wei wen .si yu zi shi .bu ren yu ge jie .huo shi yu fan duo .qi jian yan chi .yi you zi huo .bi dai jiao you you gong jian wu gu xi zhe .tao lun er xiao duo zhi .ran hou fan jian dang fou .de qi zhong yi .kuang pu yu zu xia .wei wen you huan qi duo .ji shang bing .kuang ta ren hu .jin qie ge zuan shi bi .cu wei juan di .dai yu zu xia xiang jian ri .ge chu suo you .zhong qian zhi yan .you bu zhi xiang yu shi he nian .xiang jian shi he di .ke ran er zhi .ze ru zhi he .wei zhi zhi wo xin zai .xun yang la yue .jiang feng ku han .sui mu xian huan .ye chang shao shui .yin bi pu zhi .qiao ran deng qian .you nian ze shu .yan wu quan ci .wu yi fan za wei juan .qie yi dai yi xi zhi hua yan ye .ju yi zi xu ru ci .wen shi yi wei xin ran .

　　《尚书》说：“罪行轻重有可(ke)疑时，宁可从轻处置；功劳大小有疑处，宁可从重奖(jiang)赏。与其错杀无辜的(de)人，宁可犯执法失误的过失。”唉！这句话完全表现出忠厚之意。可以赏也可以不(bu)赏时，赏就过于仁慈了；可以罚也可以不罚时，罚就超出义法了。过于仁慈，还不失为一个君子；超出义法，就流为残忍了。所以，仁慈可以超过，义法是不可超过的。古人奖赏不用爵位和俸禄，刑罚不用刀(dao)锯。用爵位、俸禄行赏，只对能得到爵位、俸禄的人起作用，不能影响不能得到爵位和俸禄的人。用刀锯作刑具，只对受这种刑的人起作用，对不受这种刑的人不起作用。古代君主知道天下的善行是赏不完的，不能都用爵位俸禄来奖赏；也知道天下的罪恶是罚不完的，不能都用刀锯来制裁。所以当赏罚有疑问时，就以仁爱之心对待。用君子长者的宽厚仁慈对待天下人，使天下人都相继回到君子长者的忠厚仁爱之道上来，所以说这就是赏罚忠厚到了极点啊！
⑶蓬壶：指蓬莱、方壶，都是神话传说中东方大海上的仙山。此指晁衡在(zai)东海中航行。登高瞭望高山大海，满目凄凉，为古昔之人悲哀。
8.沙场：指战场。大雁南归，声声鸣叫，使人断肠的鸣声消失在布着丝丝残云的碧空中。窗外飘下了纷纷扬扬的雪花，室内垂直地升起了一缕炉烟。在微微烛光的映照下她头上插戴着明亮的凤钗，凤钗上所装饰的人胜首饰那么轻巧。
10. 未休兵：战争还没(mei)有结束。你近来平安吗？即便你回来，回首以前令人悲债的事，你又怎能够承受！昔日朋友形同陌生的路人，又有谁安慰你？你母老家贫子幼，早记不起杯酒相娱的时侯。魑魅搏人的事应该可空见惯，正直人却总是输在覆雨翻云的小人之手。我们与寒冷的冰雪，打交道已经很久很久。
原(yuan)题“黄州定惠寺寓居作”。你的踪迹遍布中原，结交尽是豪杰。
18.交错纠纷：形容山岭交错重叠，杂乱无序。都说瑞《雪》罗隐 古诗兆丰年，丰年情况将如何？
⑺谢灵运《从斤竹涧越岭溪行》：“川渚屡径复，乘流玩回转。”各个山头上都落满了白鬓，各个山涧里都有白猿在哀吟。
15.骠骑亭：地址不详。王琦谓玩诗意当在长安。　　我曾经评论义帝；称他是天下的贤君。仅仅是派遣沛公入关而不派遣项羽，在稠人广众之中识别卿子冠军、并且提拔他做上将军这两件事，若不是贤明之君能做到这些吗？项羽既然假托君王之命杀死了卿子冠军，义帝必然不能容忍。因此，不是项羽谋杀义帝，就是义帝杀了项羽，这用不着智者指点就可知道了。范增当初劝项梁拥立义帝，诸侯因此而服从；中途谋杀义帝，必不是范增的主意；其实岂但不是他的主意；他必然力争而却没有被接受。不采用他的忠告而杀死他所拥立之人，项羽怀疑范增，一定是从这时就开始了。在项羽杀卿子冠军之时，项羽和范增并肩侍奉义帝，还没有确定君臣之身份，如果替范增考虑，有能力诛杀项羽就杀了他，不能杀他就离开他，岂不是毅然决然的男子汉吗？范增年龄已经七十岁，意见相合就留下来，意见不合就离开他，不在这个时候弄清去、留的分寸，却想依靠项羽而成就功名，浅陋啊！即使这样，范增还是被汉高祖所畏惧。范增不离去，项羽就不会灭亡。唉，范增也是人中的豪杰呀！
189、相观：观察。长江向东滚滚而去，我也在外滞留太久。故乡远隔万里，令我时时思念。
123、迕（wǔ）：犯。

　　本文记叙了一场精彩的《口技》林嗣环 古诗表演,读来如临其境,如闻其声,令人叹服.作者笔下的这场《口技》林嗣环 古诗表演距今已三百多年,今天仍能使我们深切地感受到这一传统民间艺术的魅力。
　　此诗是诗人离开长安前往汉中时写给前来送行的宋常侍的作品。
　　整篇祭文集描写、议论、抒情于一体，有回想，有感喟，有痛悼，感情低沉回转，作者对亡友的一片挚情笃意，不能不令人动容。
　　《破窑赋》透出的是人生命运和天地自然变化循环的思想，文章以自己从凄惨到富贵的经历，列举了自古以来历史上诸多名人经历的各种命运和磨难，摆事实讲道理，来说明这世界人生命运的起起落落。
　　文章的第二段写到《筼筜谷偃竹》的题目。下面第三段则以交代文章的写作缘由作为全篇的结束。文同于元丰元年（1078）十月被任命为湖州知州，湖州，治所在今浙江吴兴县。文同去湖州上任，元丰二年（1079）正月二十日病逝于陈州的宛丘驿。这年七月七日、继文同任湖州知州的苏轼晾晒书画，看到了文同送给他的《筼筜谷偃竹》，感伤故旧不禁痛哭失声。他放下画卷，便写下这篇记念文章。“昔曹孟德祭桥公文有‘车过腹痛’之语，而予亦载与可畴昔戏笑之言者，以见与可于予亲厚无间如此也。“曹孟德，即曹操。桥公，指桥玄。曹操年轻时，桥玄对他多有鼓励帮助，后来他们的情谊日益加深，曾约定无论谁死了，活着的人路过墓地而不用鸡酒祭奠，那么车过三步就要闹肚子疼。这不过是说着玩的话，但显示了二人关系的不同寻常。苏轼引用这个典故，来说明他在这篇文章中记述当年与文同的“戏笑之言“，也为的显示他们之间的“亲厚无间“，那么，作者对逝者的追怀之深切、悼念之沉痛也就充分表现出来了。
　　“鸣筝金粟柱，素手玉房前。”诗的一二句写弹筝的女子纤手拨筝，正处于弹奏状态。筝是一种弦乐器。从唐诗中所描写的筝来看，筝是十三根弦，如：“花脸云鬟坐玉楼，十三弦里一时愁”（白居易《听崔七妓人筝》）。“大艑高船一百尺，清声促柱十三弦”（刘禹锡《夜闻商人船中筝》）。此诗是速写，当然必须抓住最能突出主题的部分。最引人注目的，首先便是弹筝者手中正在拨弄的乐器，特别是那绚丽华美，闪烁着点点金色光斑的弦柱。接着，诗人的目光又自然而然地落到那双正在琴弦上跳动的洁白如玉的纤手上，以及弹奏的环境。精洁雅致的琴房，自然别有一番情味。从画面上看，“金粟”、“素手”、“玉房”交相对比，色彩明丽而华贵，虽然是速写，却又施重彩，给人以极为强烈的印象。绘画毕竟是视觉的艺术，而鸣筝所成的乐曲则是作用于听觉的艺术。一、二两句诗所绘出的画面是绝妙的，读者从中瞥见了闪光的琴柱、白嫩的巧手、素雅的琴房，但却没有听到琴声。也许是精湛的工艺、绰约的风姿、高洁的环境使诗人过于全神贯注了。
　　此反映了作者诗歌创作贵在创新的主张。他认为诗歌随时代不断发展，诗人在创作的时候也应求新求变，并非只有古人的作品才是最好的，每个时代都有属于自己的风格的诗人。写出了后人继承前人。本诗虽语言直白，但寓意深刻。“江山代有才人出，各领风骚数百年。”一句表达了文学创作随着时代变化发展的主题思想与中心。
　　“《芣苢》佚名 古诗”即车前草，这是当时人们采车前时所唱的歌谣。