户部云南清吏司主事臣海瑞谨奏；为直言天下第一事，以正君道、明臣职，求万世治安事：君者，天下臣民万物之主也。惟其为天下臣民万物之主，责任至重。凡民生利病，一有所不宜，将有所不称其任。是故事君之道宜无不备，而以其责寄臣工，使之尽言焉。臣工尽言，而君道斯称矣。昔之务为容悦，阿谀曲从，致使灾祸隔绝、主上不闻者，无足言矣。过为计者则又曰：“君子危明主，忧治世。”夫世则治矣，以不治忧之；主则明矣，以不明危之：无乃使之反求眩瞀，莫知趋舍矣乎！非通论也。臣受国厚恩矣，请执有犯无隐之义，美曰美，不一毫虚美；过曰过，不一毫讳过。不为悦谀，不暇过计，谨披沥肝胆为陛下言之。汉贾谊陈政事于文帝曰：“进言者皆曰：天下已安已治矣，臣独以为未也。曰安且治者，非愚则谀。”夫文帝，汉贤君也，贾谊非苛责备也。文帝性颇仁柔，慈恕恭俭，虽有爱民之美，优游退逊、尚多怠废之政。不究其弊所不免，概以安且治当之，愚也。不究其才所不能，概以政之安且治颂之，谀也。陛下自视，于汉文帝何如？陛下天资英断，睿识绝人，可为尧、舜，可为禹、汤、文、武，下之如汉宣之厉精，光武之大度，唐太宗之英武无敌，宪宗之志平僭乱，宋仁宗之仁恕，举一节可取者，陛下优为之。即位初年，铲除积弊，焕然与天下更始。举其大概：箴敬一以养心，定冠履以定分，除圣贤土木之象，夺宦官内外之权，元世祖毁不与祀，祀孔子推及所生。天下忻忻，以大有作为仰之。识者谓辅相得人，太平指日可期，非虚语也，高汉文帝远甚。然文帝能充其仁恕之性，节用爱人，吕祖谦称其能尽人之才力，诚是也。一时天下虽未可尽以治安予之，然贯朽粟陈，民物康阜，三代后称贤君焉。陛下则锐精未久，妄念牵之而去矣。反刚明而错用之，谓长生可得，而一意玄修。富有四海不曰民之脂膏在是也，而侈兴土木。二十余年不视朝，纲纪驰矣。数行推广事例，名爵滥矣。二王不相见，人以为薄于父子。以猜疑诽谤戮辱臣下，人以为薄于君臣。乐西苑而不返宫，人以为薄于夫妇。天下吏贪将弱，民不聊生，水旱靡时，盗贼滋炽。自陛下登极初年亦有这，而未甚也。今赋役增常，万方则效。陛下破产礼佛日甚，室如县罄，十余年来极矣。天下因即陛下改元之号而臆之曰：“嘉靖者言家家皆净而无财用也。”迩者，严嵩罢相，世蕃极刑，差快人意一时称清时焉。然严嵩罢相之后，犹之严嵩未相之先而已，非大清明世界也。不及汉文帝远甚。天下之人不直陛下久矣，内外臣工之所知也。知之，不可谓愚。《诗》去：“衰职有阙，惟仲山甫补之。”今日所赖以弼棐匡救，格非而归之正，诸臣责也。夫圣人岂绝无过举哉？古者设官，亮采惠畴足矣，不必责之以谏。保氏掌谏王恶，不必设也。木绳金砺，圣贤不必言之也，乃修斋建醮，相率进香，天桃天药，相率表贺。建兴宫室，工部极力经营；取香觅宝，户部差求四出。陛下误举，诸臣误顺，无一人为陛下正言焉。都俞吁咈之风，陈善闭邪之义，邈无闻矣；谀之甚也。然愧心馁气，退有后言，以从陛下；昧没本心，以歌颂陛下，欺君之罪何如？夫天下者，陛下之家也，人未有不顾其家者。内外臣工有官守、有言责，皆所以奠陛下之家而磐石之也。一意玄修，是陛下心之惑也。过于苛断，是陛下情之伪也。而谓陛下不顾其家，人情乎？诸臣顾身家以保一官，多以欺败，以赃败，不事事败，有不足以当陛下之心者。其不然者，君心臣心偶不相值也，遂谓陛下为贱薄臣工。诸臣正心之学微，所言或不免己私，或失详审，诚如胡寅扰乱政事之说，有不足以当陛下之心者。其不然者，君意臣意偶不相值也，遂谓陛下为是己拒谏。执陛下一二事不当之形迹，亿陛下千百事之尽然，陷陛下误终不复，诸臣欺君之罪大矣。《记》曰：“上人疑则百姓惑，下难知则君长劳。”今日之谓也。为身家心与惧心合，臣职不明，臣以一二事形迹既为诸臣解之矣。求长生心与惑心合，有辞于臣，君道不正，臣请再为陛下开之。陛下之误多矣，大端在修醮。修醮所以求长生也。自古圣贤止说修身立命，止说顺受其正。盖天地赋予于人而为性命者，此尽之矣。尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武之君，圣之盛也，未能久世不终。下之，亦未见方外士自汉、唐、宋存至今日。使陛下得以访其术者陶仲文，陛下以师唿之，仲文则既死矣。仲文尚不能长生，而陛下独何求之？至谓天赐仙桃药丸，怪妄尤甚。伏羲氏王天下，龙马出河，因则其文以画八卦。禹治水时，神龟负文而列其背，因而第之，以成必畴。河图洛书实有此瑞物，以泄万古不传之秘。天不爱道而显之圣人，借圣人以开示天下，犹之日月星辰之布列，而历数成焉，非虚妄也。宋真宗获天书于干佑山，孙奭谏曰：“天何言哉？岂有书也？”桃必采而后得，药由人工捣以成者也。兹无因而至，桃药是有足而行耶？天赐之者，有手执而付之耶？陛下玄修多年矣，一无所得。至今日，左右奸人逆陛下玄修妄念，区区桃药之长生，理之所无，而玄修之无益可知矣。陛下又将谓悬刑赏以督率臣下，分理有人，天下无不可治，而玄修无害矣乎？夫人幼而学，既无致君泽民异事之学，壮而行，亦无致君泽民殊用之心。《太甲》曰：“有言逆于汝志，必求诸道，有言逊于汝志，必求诸非道。”言顺者之未必为道也。即近事观：严嵩有一不顺陛下者乎？昔为贪窃，今为逆本。梁材守道守官，陛下以为逆者也，历任有声，官户部者以有守称之。虽近日严嵩抄没、百官有惕心焉，无用于积贿求迁，稍自洗涤。然严嵩罢相之后，犹严嵩未相之前而已。诸臣宁为严嵩之顺，不为梁材之执。今甚者贪求，未甚者挨日。见称于人者，亦廊庙山林交战热中，鹘突依违，苟举故事。洁己格物，任天下重，使社稷灵长终必赖之者，未见其人焉。得非有所牵制其心，未能纯然精白使然乎？陛下欲诸臣惟予行而莫违也，而责之以效忠；付之以翼为明听也，又欲其顺乎玄修土木之娱：是股肱耳目不为腹心卫也，而自为视听持行之用。有臣如仪、衍焉，可以成“得志与民由之”之业，无是理也。陛下诚知玄修无益，臣之改行，民之效尤，天下之安与不安、治与不治由之，幡然悟悔，日视正朝，与宰辅、九卿、侍从、言官讲求天下利害，洗数十年君道之误，置其身于尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武之上，使其臣亦得洗数十年阿君之耻，置其身于皋陶、伊、傅之列，相为后先，明良喜起，都俞吁咈。内之宦官宫妾，外之光禄寺厨役，锦衣卫恩荫，诸衙门带俸，举凡无事而官者亦多矣。上之内仓内库，下之户、工部，光禄寺诸厂，段绢、粮料、珠定、器用、木材诸物，多而积于无用，用之非所宜用，亦多矣。诸臣必有为陛下言者。诸臣言之，陛下行之，此则在陛下一节省间而已。京师之一金，田野之百金也。一节省而国有余用，民有盖藏，不知其几也。而陛下何不为之？官有职掌，先年职守之正、职守之全而未行之。今日职守之废、职守之苟且因循，不认真、不尽法而自以为是。敦本行以端士习，止上纳以清仕途，久任吏将以责成功，练选军士以免召募，驱缁黄游食以归四民，责府州县兼举富教使成礼俗，复屯盐本色以裕边储，均田赋丁差以苏困敝，举天下官之侵渔，将之怯懦，吏之为奸，刑之无少姑息焉。必世之仁，博厚高明悠远之业，诸臣必有陛下言者。诸臣言之，陛下行之，此则在陛下一振作间而已。一振作而诸废具举，百弊铲绝，唐、虞三代之治粲然复兴矣，而陛下何不行之？节省之，振作之，又非有所劳于陛下也。九卿总其纲，百职分其任，抚按科道纠举肃清之于其间，陛下持大纲、稽治要而责成焉。劳于求贤，逸于任用如天运于上，而四时六气各得其序，恭己无为之道也。天地万物为一体，固有之性也。民物熙洽，熏为太和，而陛下性分中自有真乐矣。可以赞天地之化育，则可与天地参。道与天通，命由我立，而陛下性分中自有真寿矣。此理之所有者，可旋至而立有效者也。若夫服食不终之药，遥望轻举，理之所无者也。理之所无，而切切然散爵禄，竦精神，玄修求之，悬思凿想，系风捕影，终其身如斯而已矣，求之其可得乎？夫君道不正，臣职不明，此天下第一事也。于此不言，更复何言？大臣持禄而外为谀，小臣畏罪而面为顺，陛下有不得知而改之行之者，臣每恨焉。是以昧死竭忠，惓惓为陛下言之。一反情易向之间，而天下之治与不治，民物之安与不安决焉，伏惟陛下留神，宗社幸甚，天下幸甚。臣不胜战栗恐惧之至，为此具本亲赍，谨具奏闻。王风寖失古，颓波荡自今。李生陈大雅，刘子抱文心。弱余振鸿藻，高义抗词林。归田守玄默，闭关谢沉吟。江左郁华彦，岁暮得卢谌。騄骥思长奋，良乐此相寻。申章粲如玉，感赠重兼金。徒然奉清奏，何由酬赏音。春日二首芙蓉春帐，葡萄新酿，一声《金缕》槽前唱。锦生香，翠成行，醒来犹问春无恙，花边醉来能几场？妆，黄四娘。狂，白侍郎。西湖沉醉，东风得意，玉骢骤响黄金辔。赏春归，看花四，宝香已暖鸳鸯被，萝绕绿窗初睡起。痴，人未知。噫，春去矣。雪夜扁舟乘兴，读书相映，不如高卧柴门静。唾壶冰，短檠灯，隔窗孤月是秋镜，长笛不知何处声？惊，人睡醒。清，梅弄影。别怀梨花都谢，在衫初卸，绿阴空锁闲台讲。远山叠，暮云遮，青青杨柳连官舍。此景此情难弃舍，车，且慢些。别，人去也。了无暑。南来几、梅风吹霁虹雨。博山烟一缕。轻度魫窗，萦带芳树。罗衣楚楚。添半臂、泥金刚彀。玉簟龙鳞似水，仗六曲画屏风，把新寒防护。分付。兰缸麝炷。蔷薇盥手，重展金黁谱。画兰吴下女，转作词人，隔烟低语。凉花泫露。问笙鹤、瑶天归否。泪烛红深几许。浑不似、绿桐阴，横琴处。惜阴翻古帙，席荫坐林泉。解识闲中晷，依稀亦小年。穷达虽系命，祸福生所履。天不饥死余，飘风当自止。

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zhe wei fu xiang de ren .tai ping zhi ri ke qi .fei xu yu ye .gao han wen di yuan shen .ran wen di neng chong qi ren shu zhi xing .jie yong ai ren .lv zu qian cheng qi neng jin ren zhi cai li .cheng shi ye .yi shi tian xia sui wei ke jin yi zhi an yu zhi .ran guan xiu su chen .min wu kang fu .san dai hou cheng xian jun yan .bi xia ze rui jing wei jiu .wang nian qian zhi er qu yi .fan gang ming er cuo yong zhi .wei chang sheng ke de .er yi yi xuan xiu .fu you si hai bu yue min zhi zhi gao zai shi ye .er chi xing tu mu .er shi yu nian bu shi chao .gang ji chi yi .shu xing tui guang shi li .ming jue lan yi .er wang bu xiang jian .ren yi wei bao yu fu zi .yi cai yi fei bang lu ru chen xia .ren yi wei bao yu jun chen .le xi yuan er bu fan gong .ren yi wei bao yu fu fu .tian xia li tan jiang ruo .min bu liao sheng .shui han mi shi .dao zei zi chi .zi bi xia deng ji chu nian yi you zhe .er wei shen ye .jin fu yi zeng chang .wan fang ze xiao .bi xia po chan li fo ri shen .shi ru xian qing .shi 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yu yu fu zhi feng .chen shan bi xie zhi yi .miao wu wen yi .yu zhi shen ye .ran kui xin nei qi .tui you hou yan .yi cong bi xia .mei mei ben xin .yi ge song bi xia .qi jun zhi zui he ru .fu tian xia zhe .bi xia zhi jia ye .ren wei you bu gu qi jia zhe .nei wai chen gong you guan shou .you yan ze .jie suo yi dian bi xia zhi jia er pan shi zhi ye .yi yi xuan xiu .shi bi xia xin zhi huo ye .guo yu ke duan .shi bi xia qing zhi wei ye .er wei bi xia bu gu qi jia .ren qing hu .zhu chen gu shen jia yi bao yi guan .duo yi qi bai .yi zang bai .bu shi shi bai .you bu zu yi dang bi xia zhi xin zhe .qi bu ran zhe .jun xin chen xin ou bu xiang zhi ye .sui wei bi xia wei jian bao chen gong .zhu chen zheng xin zhi xue wei .suo yan huo bu mian ji si .huo shi xiang shen .cheng ru hu yin rao luan zheng shi zhi shuo .you bu zu yi dang bi xia zhi xin zhe .qi bu ran zhe .jun yi chen yi ou bu xiang zhi ye .sui wei bi xia wei shi ji ju jian .zhi bi xia yi er shi bu dang zhi xing ji .yi bi xia qian bai shi zhi jin ran .xian bi xia wu zhong bu fu .zhu chen qi jun zhi zui da yi ..ji .yue ..shang ren yi ze bai xing huo .xia nan zhi ze jun chang lao ..jin ri zhi wei ye .wei shen jia xin yu ju xin he .chen zhi bu ming .chen yi yi er shi xing ji ji wei zhu chen jie zhi yi .qiu chang sheng xin yu huo xin he .you ci yu chen .jun dao bu zheng .chen qing zai wei bi xia kai zhi .bi xia zhi wu duo yi .da duan zai xiu jiao .xiu jiao suo yi qiu chang sheng ye .zi gu sheng xian zhi shuo xiu shen li ming .zhi shuo shun shou qi zheng .gai tian di fu yu yu ren er wei xing ming zhe .ci jin zhi yi .yao .shun .yu .tang .wen .wu zhi jun .sheng zhi sheng ye .wei neng jiu shi bu zhong .xia zhi .yi wei jian fang wai shi zi han .tang .song cun zhi jin ri .shi bi xia de yi fang qi shu zhe tao zhong wen .bi xia yi shi hu zhi .zhong wen ze ji si yi .zhong wen shang bu neng chang sheng .er bi xia du he qiu zhi .zhi wei tian ci xian tao yao wan .guai wang you shen .fu xi shi wang tian xia .long ma chu he .yin ze qi wen yi hua ba gua .yu zhi shui shi .shen gui fu wen er lie qi bei .yin er di zhi .yi cheng bi chou .he tu luo shu shi you ci rui wu .yi xie wan gu bu chuan zhi mi .tian bu ai dao er xian zhi sheng ren .jie sheng ren yi kai shi tian xia .you zhi ri yue xing chen zhi bu lie .er li shu cheng yan .fei xu wang ye .song zhen zong huo tian shu yu gan you shan .sun shi jian yue ..tian he yan zai .qi you shu ye ..tao bi cai er hou de .yao you ren gong dao yi cheng zhe ye .zi wu yin er zhi .tao yao shi you zu er xing ye .tian ci zhi zhe .you shou zhi er fu zhi ye .bi xia xuan xiu duo nian yi .yi wu suo de .zhi jin ri .zuo you jian ren ni bi xia xuan xiu wang nian .qu qu tao yao zhi chang sheng .li zhi suo wu .er xuan xiu zhi wu yi ke zhi yi .bi xia you jiang wei xuan xing shang yi du lv chen xia .fen li you ren .tian xia wu bu ke zhi .er xuan xiu wu hai yi hu .fu ren you er xue .ji wu zhi jun ze min yi shi zhi xue .zhuang er xing .yi wu zhi jun ze min shu yong zhi xin ..tai jia .yue ..you yan ni yu ru zhi .bi qiu zhu dao .you yan xun yu ru zhi .bi qiu zhu fei dao ..yan shun zhe zhi wei bi wei dao ye .ji jin shi guan .yan song you yi bu shun bi xia zhe hu .xi wei tan qie .jin wei ni ben .liang cai shou dao shou guan .bi xia yi wei ni zhe ye .li ren you sheng .guan hu bu zhe yi you shou cheng zhi .sui jin ri yan song chao mei .bai guan you ti xin yan .wu yong yu ji hui qiu qian .shao zi xi di .ran yan song ba xiang zhi hou .you yan song wei xiang zhi qian er yi .zhu chen ning wei yan song zhi shun .bu wei liang cai zhi zhi .jin shen zhe tan qiu .wei shen zhe ai ri .jian cheng yu ren zhe .yi lang miao shan lin jiao zhan re zhong .gu tu yi wei .gou ju gu shi .jie ji ge wu .ren tian xia zhong .shi she ji ling chang zhong bi lai zhi zhe .wei jian qi ren yan .de fei you suo qian zhi qi xin .wei neng chun ran jing bai shi ran hu .bi xia yu zhu chen wei yu xing er mo wei ye .er ze zhi yi xiao zhong .fu zhi yi yi wei ming ting ye .you yu qi shun hu xuan xiu tu mu zhi yu .shi gu gong er mu bu wei fu xin wei ye .er zi wei shi ting chi xing zhi yong .you chen ru yi .yan yan .ke yi cheng .de zhi yu min you zhi .zhi ye .wu shi li ye .bi xia cheng zhi xuan xiu wu yi .chen zhi gai xing .min zhi xiao you .tian xia zhi an yu bu an .zhi yu bu zhi you zhi .fan ran wu hui .ri shi zheng chao .yu zai fu .jiu qing .shi cong .yan guan jiang qiu tian xia li hai .xi shu shi nian jun dao zhi wu .zhi qi shen yu yao .shun .yu .tang .wen .wu zhi shang .shi qi chen yi de xi shu shi nian a jun zhi chi .zhi qi shen yu gao tao .yi .fu zhi lie .xiang wei hou xian .ming liang xi qi .du yu yu fu .nei zhi huan guan gong qie .wai zhi guang lu si chu yi .jin yi wei en yin .zhu ya men dai feng .ju fan wu shi er guan zhe yi duo yi .shang zhi nei cang nei ku .xia zhi hu .gong bu .guang lu si zhu chang .duan juan .liang liao .zhu ding .qi yong .mu cai zhu wu .duo er ji yu wu yong .yong zhi fei suo yi yong .yi duo yi .zhu chen bi you wei bi xia yan zhe .zhu chen yan zhi .bi xia xing zhi .ci ze zai bi xia yi jie sheng jian er yi .jing shi zhi yi jin .tian ye zhi bai jin ye .yi jie sheng er guo you yu yong .min you gai cang .bu zhi qi ji ye .er bi xia he bu wei zhi .guan you zhi zhang .xian nian zhi shou zhi zheng .zhi shou zhi quan er wei xing zhi .jin ri zhi shou zhi fei .zhi shou zhi gou qie yin xun .bu ren zhen .bu jin fa er zi yi wei shi .dun ben xing yi duan shi xi .zhi shang na yi qing shi tu .jiu ren li jiang yi ze cheng gong .lian xuan jun shi yi mian zhao mu .qu zi huang you shi yi gui si min .ze fu zhou xian jian ju fu jiao shi cheng li su .fu tun yan ben se yi yu bian chu .jun tian fu ding cha yi su kun bi .ju tian xia guan zhi qin yu .jiang zhi qie nuo .li zhi wei jian .xing zhi wu shao gu xi yan .bi shi zhi ren .bo hou gao ming you yuan zhi ye .zhu chen bi you bi xia yan zhe .zhu chen yan zhi .bi xia xing zhi .ci ze zai bi xia yi zhen zuo jian er yi .yi zhen zuo er zhu fei ju ju .bai bi chan jue .tang .yu san dai zhi zhi can ran fu xing yi .er bi xia he bu xing zhi .jie sheng zhi .zhen zuo zhi .you fei you suo lao yu bi xia ye .jiu qing zong qi gang .bai zhi fen qi ren .fu an ke dao jiu ju su qing zhi yu qi jian .bi xia chi da gang .ji zhi yao er ze cheng yan .lao yu qiu xian .yi yu ren yong ru tian yun yu shang .er si shi liu qi ge de qi xu .gong ji wu wei zhi dao ye .tian di wan wu wei yi ti .gu you zhi xing ye .min wu xi qia .xun wei tai he .er bi xia xing fen zhong zi you zhen le yi .ke yi zan tian di zhi hua yu .ze ke yu tian di can .dao yu tian tong .ming you wo li .er bi xia xing fen zhong zi you zhen shou yi .ci li zhi suo you zhe .ke xuan zhi er li you xiao zhe ye .ruo fu fu shi bu zhong zhi yao .yao wang qing ju .li zhi suo wu zhe ye .li zhi suo wu .er qie qie ran san jue lu .song jing shen .xuan xiu qiu zhi .xuan si zao xiang .xi feng bo ying .zhong qi shen ru si er yi yi .qiu zhi qi ke de hu .fu jun dao bu zheng .chen zhi bu ming .ci tian xia di yi shi ye .yu ci bu yan .geng fu he yan .da chen chi lu er wai wei yu .xiao chen wei zui er mian wei shun .bi xia you bu de zhi er gai zhi xing zhi zhe .chen mei hen yan .shi yi mei si jie zhong .quan quan wei bi xia yan zhi .yi fan qing yi xiang zhi jian .er tian xia zhi zhi yu bu zhi .min wu zhi an yu bu an jue yan .fu wei bi xia liu shen .zong she xing shen .tian xia xing shen .chen bu sheng zhan li kong ju zhi zhi .wei ci ju ben qin ji .jin ju zou wen .wang feng jin shi gu .tui bo dang zi jin .li sheng chen da ya .liu zi bao wen xin .ruo yu zhen hong zao .gao yi kang ci lin .gui tian shou xuan mo .bi guan xie chen yin .jiang zuo yu hua yan .sui mu de lu chen .lu ji si chang fen .liang le ci xiang xun .shen zhang can ru yu .gan zeng zhong jian jin .tu ran feng qing zou .he you chou shang yin .chun ri er shou fu rong chun zhang .pu tao xin niang .yi sheng .jin lv .cao qian chang .jin sheng xiang .cui cheng xing .xing lai you wen chun wu yang .hua bian zui lai neng ji chang .zhuang .huang si niang .kuang .bai shi lang .xi hu chen zui .dong feng de yi .yu cong zhou xiang huang jin pei .shang chun gui .kan hua si .bao xiang yi nuan yuan yang bei .luo rao lv chuang chu shui qi .chi .ren wei zhi .yi .chun qu yi .xue ye bian zhou cheng xing .du shu xiang ying .bu ru gao wo chai men jing .tuo hu bing .duan qing deng .ge chuang gu yue shi qiu jing .chang di bu zhi he chu sheng .jing .ren shui xing .qing .mei nong ying .bie huai li hua du xie .zai shan chu xie .lv yin kong suo xian tai jiang .yuan shan die .mu yun zhe .qing qing yang liu lian guan she .ci jing ci qing nan qi she .che .qie man xie .bie .ren qu ye .liao wu shu .nan lai ji .mei feng chui ji hong yu .bo shan yan yi lv .qing du shen chuang .ying dai fang shu .luo yi chu chu .tian ban bi .ni jin gang gou .yu dian long lin si shui .zhang liu qu hua ping feng .ba xin han fang hu .fen fu .lan gang she zhu .qiang wei guan shou .zhong zhan jin nuo pu .hua lan wu xia nv .zhuan zuo ci ren .ge yan di yu .liang hua xuan lu .wen sheng he .yao tian gui fou .lei zhu hong shen ji xu .hun bu si .lv tong yin .heng qin chu .xi yin fan gu zhi .xi yin zuo lin quan .jie shi xian zhong gui .yi xi yi xiao nian .qiong da sui xi ming .huo fu sheng suo lv .tian bu ji si yu .piao feng dang zi zhi .

战士只知道在战场上，要为国捐躯。
48.公：对人的尊称。树林深处，常见到麋鹿出没。
③腻云：代指女子的头发。亸（duǒ）：下垂貌。你真是浪抚了一张素琴，虚(xu)栽了五株翠柳。
⑤红(hong)巾蹙：形容石榴花半开时如红巾皱缩。登高欲遣杂念去，更招思念故乡情。
⑴魏大：陈(chen)子昂的友人。姓魏，在兄弟中(zhong)排行第一，故称。大气一团迷蒙无物，凭(ping)什么将(jiang)它识别认清？
⑵未挂丝：指柳树还未吐绿挂丝。它吹散了山(shan)中的烟云，卷走了山间的雾霭，显现出了山上涧旁的人家房屋。
31．交(jiao)：交错。相纷：重叠。

　　末章具体指明进谗者为何人。因指刺对象的明晰而使诗人的情感再次走向剧烈，以至于按捺不住，直咒其“既微且尰”，可见作者对进谗者的恨之入骨。那“居河之麋”的交待，使读者极易联想起躲在水边“含沙射影”的鬼蜮。然而，无论小人如何猖獗，就如上章所言“跃跃毚兔”，最终会“遇犬获之”。因为小人的鼠目寸光，使他们在获得个人利益的同时，往往也将自己送上了绝路。从这个角度看，作者不仅深刻地揭露了进谗者的丑恶，也清醒地看到了进谗者的可耻下场。
　　从甜蜜的梦境中醒来，诗人不禁浮想联翩，以致在他眼前呈现出了一个富有诗意的美丽境界：他仿佛看到这一女子来到越国的一条溪水边，走进一群穿着红色衣裳的浣纱女子中间；那风姿，那神韵，是这般炫人眼目，就像是开放在一片红色荷花中的一朵亭亭玉立的白莲。这两句，以“若”字领起，说明这是诗人的假想之词。首两句说的是女子的神，此两句则是说女子的形，然而在写法上却不似前两句作直接的描绘，而以烘托之法让人去想象和思索。“越溪”是春秋末年越国美女西施浣纱的地方。当女子置身于漂亮的越女中间时，她便像是红莲池中开放的一朵玉洁冰清的白莲；她的婀娜娇美，自然不言而喻了。
　　这是一首情深意切的寄怀诗，诗人以生动真切的笔触，抒发了思念儿女的骨肉深情。诗以景发端，在读者面前展示了“吴地桑叶绿，吴蚕已三眠”的江南春色，把自己所在的“吴地”（这里指南京）桑叶一片碧绿，春蚕快要结茧的情景，描绘得清新如画。接着，即景生情，想到东鲁家中春天的农事，感到自己浪迹江湖，茫无定止，那龟山北面的田园不知由谁来耕种。思念及此，不禁心急如焚，焦虑万分。春耕的事已来不及料理，今后的归期尚茫然无定。诗人对离别了将近三年的远在山东的家庭，田地，酒楼，桃树，儿女，等等一切，无不一往情深，尤其是对自己的儿女更倾注了最深挚的感情。“双行桃树下，抚背复谁怜？”他想象到了自己一双小儿女在桃树下玩耍的情景，他们失去了母亲（李白的第一个妻子许氏此时已经去世），此时不知有谁来抚摩其背，爱怜他们。想到这里，又不由得心烦意乱，肝肠忧煎。无奈之下，只能取出一块洁白的绢素，写上自己无尽的怀念，寄给远在汶阳川（今山东泰安西南一带）的家人。诗篇洋溢着一个慈父对儿女所特有的抚爱、思念之情。
　　这是一首五言古诗，整体结构犹如乐府歌行，有头有尾，夹叙夹议，从秦亡开始，讲到阮籍的感慨。安排得当，层次分明。全诗分为两大段，前十四句为第一段，概述秦亡后的楚汉兴亡成败的历史；后十六句为第二段，缅怀广武古战场楚汉相对峙的历史。前段基本采取叙述方式，后段基本采用评述方式。运用多种手法，通过鲜明形象，以完成整体结构，表达主题思想，是此诗的一个显著的艺术特点。
　　如果说前两句所描绘的是《山中》王维 古诗景色的某一两个局部，那么后两句所展示的却是它的全貌。尽管冬令天寒，但整个秦岭《山中》王维 古诗，仍是苍松翠柏，蓊郁青葱，山路就穿行在无边的浓翠之中。苍翠的山色本身是空明的，不像有形的物体那样可以触摸得到，所以说“空翠”。“空翠”自然不会“湿衣”，但它是那样的浓，浓得几乎可以溢出翠色的水分，浓得几乎使整个空气里都充满了翠色的分子，人行空翠之中，就像被笼罩在一片翠雾之中，整个身心都受到它的浸染、滋润，而微微感觉到一种细雨湿衣似的凉意，所以尽管“山路元无雨”，却自然感到“空翠湿人衣”了。这是视觉、触觉、感觉的复杂作用所产生的一种似幻似真的感受，一种心灵上的快感。“空”字和“湿”字的矛盾，也就在这种心灵上的快感中统一起来了。
　　诗的第三个特点是把古人、友人与自己交织在一起来加以描写。这明显地体现在第三段，即最后四句里边。”夫子今管乐，英才冠三军。“诗人用管仲、乐毅来比喻何昌浩，同时，也是在写自己的怀抱。李白在诗中多次把管仲、乐毅作为自己仰慕和效法的榜样。最后”终与同出处，岂将沮溺群“二句表示，自己将跟何昌浩一样，为国为民干一番事业，而决不能像长沮、桀溺那样做逃避现实的隐士。