篦凤金雕翼，钗鱼玉镂鳞。月明无睡夜，花落断肠春。今年献寿多欢笑。弄玉新将二雏好。此曲尊前何所祷。十分康乐，十分强健，一树壮棒老。月日，居易白。微之足下：自足下谪江陵至于今，凡枉赠答诗仅百篇。每诗来，或辱序，或辱书，冠于卷首，皆所以陈古今歌诗之义，且自叙为文因缘，与年月之远近也。仆既受足下诗，又谕足下此意，常欲承答来旨，粗论歌诗大端，并自述为文之意，总为一书，致足下前。累岁已来，牵故少暇，间有容隙，或欲为之；又自思所陈，亦无出足下之见；临纸复罢者数四，卒不能成就其志，以至于今。今俟罪浔阳，除盥栉食寝外无余事，因览足下去通州日所留新旧文二十六轴，开卷得意，忽如会面，心所畜者，便欲快言，往往自疑，不知相去万里也。既而愤悱之气，思有所浊，遂追就前志，勉为此书，足下幸试为仆留意一省。夫文，尚矣，三才各有文。天之文三光首之；地之文五材首之；人之文《六经》首之。就《六经》言，《诗》又首之。何者？圣人感人心而天下和平。感人心者，莫先乎情，莫始乎言，莫切乎声，莫深乎义。诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。上自圣贤，下至愚騃，微及豚鱼，幽及鬼神。群分而气同，形异而情一。未有声入而不应、情交而不感者。圣人知其然，因其言，经之以六义；缘其声，纬之以五音。音有韵，义有类。韵协则言顺，言顺则声易入；类举则情见，情见则感易交。于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。五帝三皇所以直道而行、垂拱而理者，揭此以为大柄，决此以为大窦也。故闻“元首明，股肱良”之歌，则知虞道昌矣。闻五子洛汭之歌，则知夏政荒矣。言者无罪，闻者足诫，言者闻者莫不两尽其心焉。洎周衰秦兴，采诗官废，上不以诗补察时政，下不以歌泄导人情。用至于谄成之风动，救失之道缺。于时六义始剚矣。《国风》变为《骚辞》，五言始于苏、李。《诗》、《骚》皆不遇者，各系其志，发而为文。故河梁之句，止于伤别；泽畔之吟，归于怨思。彷徨抑郁，不暇及他耳。然去《诗》未远，梗概尚存。故兴离别则引双凫一雁为喻，讽君子小人则引香草恶鸟为比。虽义类不具，犹得风人之什二三焉。于时六义始缺矣。晋、宋已还，得者盖寡。以康乐之奥博，多溺于山水；以渊明之高古，偏放于田园。江、鲍之流，又狭于此。如梁鸿《五噫》之例者，百无一二。于时六义浸微矣！陵夷至于梁、陈间，率不过嘲风雪、弄花草而已。噫！风雪花草之物，三百篇中岂舍之乎？顾所用何如耳。设如“北风其凉”，假风以刺威虐；“雨雪霏霏”，因雪以愍征役；“棠棣之华”，感华以讽兄弟；“采采芣苡”，美草以乐有子也。皆兴发于此而义归于彼。反是者，可乎哉！然则“余霞散成绮，澄江净如练”，“归花先委露，别叶乍辞风”之什，丽则丽矣，吾不知其所讽焉。故仆所谓嘲风雪、弄花草而已。于时六义尽去矣。唐兴二百年，其间诗人不可胜数。所可举者，陈子昂有《感遇诗》二十首，鲍防《感兴诗》十五篇。又诗之豪者，世称李、杜。李之作，才矣！奇矣！人不迨矣！索其风雅比兴，十无一焉。杜诗最多，可传者千余首。至于贯穿古今，覙缕格律，尽工尽善，又过于李焉。然撮其《新安》、《石壕》、《潼关吏》、《芦子关》、《花门》之章，“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”之句，亦不过十三四。杜尚如此，况不迨杜者乎？仆常痛诗道崩坏，忽忽愤发，或废食辍寝，不量才力，欲扶起之。嗟乎！事有大谬者，又不可一二而言，然亦不能不粗陈于左右。仆始生六七月时，乳母抱弄于书屏下，有指“之”字、“无”字示仆者，仆口未能言，心已默识。后有问此二字者，虽百十其试，而指之不差。则知仆宿习之缘，已在文字中矣。及五六岁，便学为诗。九岁谙识声韵。十五六，始知有进士，苦节读书。二十已来，昼课赋，夜课书，间又课诗，不遑寝息矣。以至于口舌成疮，手肘成胝。既壮而肤革不丰盈，未老而齿发早衰白；瞀瞀然如飞蝇垂珠在眸子中者，动以万数，盖以苦学力文之所致，又自悲。家贫多故，二十七方从乡赋。既第之后，虽专于科试，亦不废诗。及授校书郎时，已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下辈，见皆谓之工，其实未窥作者之域耳。自登朝来，年齿渐长，阅事渐多。每与人言，多询时务；每读书史，多求理道。始知文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。是时皇帝初即位，宰府有正人，屡降玺书，访人急病。仆当此日，擢在翰林，身是谏官，月请谏纸。启奏之间，有可以救济人病，裨补时阙，而难于指言者，辄咏歌之，欲稍稍进闻于上。上以广宸听，副忧勤；次以酬恩奖，塞言责；下以复吾平生之志。岂图志未就而悔已生，言未闻而谤已成矣！又请为左右终言之。凡闻仆《贺雨诗》，众口籍籍，以为非宜矣；闻仆《哭孔戡诗》，众面脉脉，尽不悦矣；闻《秦中吟》，则权豪贵近者，相目而变色矣；闻《登乐游园》寄足下诗，则执政柄者扼腕矣；闻《宿紫阁村》诗，则握军要者切齿矣！大率如此，不可遍举。不相与者，号为沽誉，号为诋讦，号为讪谤。苟相与者，则如牛僧孺之诫焉。乃至骨肉妻孥，皆以我为非也。其不我非者，举世不过三两人。有邓鲂者，见仆诗而喜，无何鲂死。有唐衢者，见仆诗而泣，未几而衢死。其余即足下。足下又十年来困踬若此。呜唿！岂六义四始之风，天将破坏，不可支持耶？抑又不知天意不欲使下人病苦闻于上耶？不然，何有志于诗者，不利若此之甚也！然仆又自思关东一男子耳，除读书属文外，其他懵然无知，乃至书画棋博，可以接群居之欢者，一无通晓，即其愚拙可知矣！初应进士时，中朝无缌麻之亲，达官无半面之旧；策蹇步于利足之途，张空拳于战文之场。十年之间，三登科第，名落众耳，迹升清贯，出交贤俊，入侍冕旒。始得名于文章，终得罪于文章，亦其宜也。日者闻亲友间说，礼、吏部举选人，多以仆私试赋判为准的。其余诗句，亦往往在人口中。仆恧然自愧，不之信也。及再来长安，又闻有军使高霞寓者，欲聘倡妓，妓大夸曰：“我诵得白学士《长恨歌》，岂同他哉？”由是增价。又足下书云：到通州日，见江馆柱间有题仆诗者。何人哉？又昨过汉南日，适遇主人集众娱乐，他宾诸妓见仆来，指而相顾曰：此是《秦中吟》、《长恨歌》主耳。自长安抵江西三四千里，凡乡校、佛寺、逆旅、行舟之中，往往有题仆诗者；士庶、僧徒、孀妇、处女之口，每有咏仆诗者。此诚雕篆之戏，不足为多，然今时俗所重，正在此耳。虽前贤如渊、云者，前辈如李、杜者，亦未能忘情于其间。古人云：“名者公器，不可多取。”仆是何者，窃时之名已多。既窃时名，又欲窃时之富贵，使己为造物者，肯兼与之乎？今之屯穷，理固然也。况诗人多蹇，如陈子昂、杜甫，各授一拾遗，而屯剥至死。孟浩然辈不及一命，穷悴终身。近日孟郊六十，终试协律；张籍五十，未离一太祝。彼何人哉！况仆之才又不迨彼。今虽谪佐远郡，而官品至第五，月俸四五万，寒有衣，饥有食，给身之外，施及家人。亦可谓不负白氏子矣。微之，微之！勿念我哉！仆数月来，检讨囊帙中，得新旧诗，各以类分，分为卷目。自拾遗来，凡所遇所感，关于美刺兴比者；又自武德至元和，因事立题，题为“新乐府”者，共一百五十首，谓之讽谕诗。又或退公独处，或移动病闲居，知足保和，吟玩性情者一百首，谓之”闲适诗“。又有事物牵于外，情理动于内，随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首，谓之”感伤诗“。又有五言、七言、长句、绝句，自一百韵至两百韵者四百余首，谓之”杂律诗“。凡为十五卷，约八百首。异时相见，当尽致于执事。微之，古人云：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。”仆虽不肖，常师此语。大丈夫所守者道，所待者时。时之来也，为云龙，为风鹏，勃然突然，陈力以出；时之不来也，为雾豹，为冥鸿，寂兮寥兮，奉身而退。进退出处，何往而不自得哉！故仆志在兼济，行在独善，奉而始终之则为道，言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗，兼济之志也；谓之闲适诗，独善之义也。故览仆诗者，知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗，或诱于一时一物，发于一笑一吟，率然成章，非平生所尚者，但以亲朋合散之际，取其释恨佐欢，今铨次之间，未能删去。他时有为我编集斯文者，略之可也。微之，夫贵耳贱目，荣古陋今，人之大情也。仆不能远征古旧，如近岁韦苏州歌行，才丽之外，颇近兴讽；其五言诗，又高雅闲淡，自成一家之体，今之秉笔者谁能及之？然当苏州在时，人亦未甚爱重，必待身后，人始贵之。今仆之诗，人所爱者，悉不过杂律诗与《长恨歌》已下耳。时之所重，仆之所轻。至于讽谕者，意激而言质；闲适者，思澹而辞迂。以质合迂，宜人之不爱也。今所爱者，并世而生，独足下耳。然百千年后，安知复无如足下者出，而知爱我诗哉？故自八九年来，与足下小通则以诗相戒，小穷则以诗相勉，索居则以诗相慰，同处则以诗相娱。知吾罪吾，率以诗也。如今年春游城南时，与足下马上相戏，因各诵新艳小律，不杂他篇，自皇子陂归昭国里，迭吟递唱，不绝声者二十里余。攀、李在傍，无所措口。知我者以为诗仙，不知我者以为诗魔。何则？劳心灵，役声气，连朝接夕，不自知其苦，非魔而何？偶同人当美景，或花时宴罢，或月夜酒酣，一咏一吟，不觉老之将至。虽骖鸾鹤、游蓬瀛者之适，无以加于此焉，又非仙而何？微之，微之！此吾所以与足下外形骸、脱踪迹、傲轩鼎、轻人寰者，又以此也。当此之时，足下兴有余力，且欲与仆悉索还往中诗，取其尤长者，如张十八古乐府，李二十新歌行，卢、杨二秘书律诗，窦七、元八绝句，博搜精掇，编而次之，号为《元白往还集》。众君子得拟议于此者，莫不踊跃欣喜，以为盛事。嗟乎！言未终而足下左转，不数月而仆又继行，心期索然，何日成就？又可为之太息矣！仆常语足下，凡人为文，私于自是，不忍于割截，或失于繁多。其间妍媸，益又自惑。必待交友有公鉴无姑息者，讨论而削夺之，然后繁简当否，得其中矣。况仆与足下，为文尤患其多。己尚病，况他人乎？今且各纂诗笔，粗为卷第，待与足下相见日，各出所有，终前志焉。又不知相遇是何年，相见是何地，溘然而至，则如之何？微之知我心哉！浔阳腊月，江风苦寒，岁暮鲜欢，夜长少睡。引笔铺纸，悄然灯前，有念则书，言无铨次。勿以繁杂为倦，且以代一夕之话言也。居易自叙如此，文士以为信然。蟾宫，人未老，纵横礼乐，谈笑功名。从今去，有多少、富贵光荣。且听宾云奏曲，千秋岁、更引清声。齐眉处，朱颜绿鬓，相与共长生时，良人正赴廷对。妾年将及笄，嫁与东家儿。东家见，贩江西，夫妇五年三别离。江西娼家花满蹊，不知今年归不归。春来还为作春衣，满院杨花双燕飞。磊落胸襟清庙器，鹏程背可天摩。他时帝里笑鸣珂。双椿犹鹤算，二女已鸾坡。一声金缕词，十分金菊卮。金刃分甘蔗，金盘荐荔枝。不须辞，太平无事，正宜沉醉时。相逢饮兴狂，两螯风味长。鲜鲫银丝鲙，金锥拆蛎房。透瓶香，经年佳醖，陶陶入醉乡。风满紫貂裘，霜合白玉楼。锦帐羊羔酒，山阴雪夜舟。党家侯。一般乘兴，亏他王子猷。西风黄叶疏，一年音信无。要见除非梦，梦回总是虚。梦虽虚，犹兀自暂时节相聚，近新来和梦无。西风黄叶稀，南楼北雁飞。揾妾灯前泪，缝君身上衣。约归期，清明相会，雁还也人未归。六桥烟柳颦，两峰云树分。罗袜移芳径，华裙生暗尘。冷泉春，赏心乐事，水边多丽人。碧湖环武林，仙舟出涌金。南国山河在，东风草木深。冷泉阴，兴亡如梦，伤时折寸心。香飘桂子楼，凉生莲叶舟。落日鸳鸯浦，西风鹦鹉洲。冷泉秋，水西寻寺，题诗忆旧游。江南春已通，陇头人未逢。水浅梅横月，山明雪映松。冷泉冬，烹茶无味，有人锦帐中。冷泉亭湖山汲水重，楼台烟树中。人醉苏堤月，风传贾寺钟。冷泉东，行人频问，飞来何处峰？苍猿攀树啼，残花扑马飞。越女随舟唱，山僧逐渡归。冷泉西，雄楼杰观，钟声出翠微。渔榔响碧潭，王孙徙翠岚。玉勒黄金镫，红缨白面骖。冷泉南，踏花归去，夕阳人半酣。塔标南北峰，风闻远近钟。佛国三天竺，禅关九里松。冷泉中，水光山色，岩花颠倒红。鸭头湖水明，蛾眉山岫青。罗绮香尘暗，池塘春草生。冷泉亭，太平有象，时闻歌笑声。怀古飘零岁月深，消磨意气沉。恩雨三天隔，愁霜两鬓侵。强登临，行藏不定，伤时《梁父吟》。孤身万里游，寸心千古愁，霜落吴江冷，云高楚甸秋。认归舟，风帆无数。斜阳独倚楼。儒冠两鬓皤，青衫老泪多。满酌贤人酒，相扶越女歌。且磋跎，万愁千恨，奈予沉醉何！芙蓉凝晓霜，木犀飘晚香。野水双鸥靓，西风一雁翔。立残阳，江山如画，倦游非故乡。故乡音信沉，故园草木深。烽火连三月，家书抵万金。细沉吟，功名枉恁，断然归去心。功名览镜看，悲歌把剑弹。心事鱼缘木，前程羝触藩。世途艰，艰声长叹，满天星斗寒。长虹气未收，老天春又秋。逆旅新丰舍，羞登王粲楼。几多愁？白云飞尽，吴江日夜流。故园天一方，高城泪数行。芳草迷鹦鹉，晴川隔汉阳。暮山长，烟波江上，愁人几断肠。眷田园，松迳旧，菊畦荒。欲乘风驭归去，策杖从相羊。物外干坤自在，壶里无尘日月，千岁傲义皇。天意未应许，军国要平章。天官乘车建朱旗，赤旛前亚风卷披。二龙缓驾苍髯垂，印箱傍挈文籍随。双骖推轭如畏迟，行从冠服多威仪。水官自有真龙骑，两佐并跨鲸尾螭。步趋群吏怪眼眉，云生海面无端涯。雷部处上相与期，人身兽爪负鼓驰。后有同类挟且搥，次执雷镜风囊吹。青蛇有角鱼足鬐，上下引导神所施。地官既失不可知，此画传是阎令为。设色鲜润笔法奇，绢理腻滑鸡子皮。吴生龙王多裂隳，八轴展玩忘晨炊。李成山水晓景移，黄荼花竹雀拥枝。韩干马本模搭时，神骏都失存毫氂。日高腹枵眼眦眵，邂逅获见何言疲。厚谢主翁意不衰，他日饱目看无遗。

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shi .shui bian duo li ren .bi hu huan wu lin .xian zhou chu yong jin .nan guo shan he zai .dong feng cao mu shen .leng quan yin .xing wang ru meng .shang shi zhe cun xin .xiang piao gui zi lou .liang sheng lian ye zhou .luo ri yuan yang pu .xi feng ying wu zhou .leng quan qiu .shui xi xun si .ti shi yi jiu you .jiang nan chun yi tong .long tou ren wei feng .shui qian mei heng yue .shan ming xue ying song .leng quan dong .peng cha wu wei .you ren jin zhang zhong .leng quan ting hu shan ji shui zhong .lou tai yan shu zhong .ren zui su di yue .feng chuan jia si zhong .leng quan dong .xing ren pin wen .fei lai he chu feng .cang yuan pan shu ti .can hua pu ma fei .yue nv sui zhou chang .shan seng zhu du gui .leng quan xi .xiong lou jie guan .zhong sheng chu cui wei .yu lang xiang bi tan .wang sun xi cui lan .yu le huang jin deng .hong ying bai mian can .leng quan nan .ta hua gui qu .xi yang ren ban han .ta biao nan bei feng .feng wen yuan jin zhong .fo guo san tian zhu .chan guan jiu li song .leng quan zhong .shui guang shan se .yan hua dian dao hong .ya tou hu shui ming .e mei shan xiu qing .luo qi xiang chen an .chi tang chun cao sheng .leng quan ting .tai ping you xiang .shi wen ge xiao sheng .huai gu piao ling sui yue shen .xiao mo yi qi chen .en yu san tian ge .chou shuang liang bin qin .qiang deng lin .xing cang bu ding .shang shi .liang fu yin ..gu shen wan li you .cun xin qian gu chou .shuang luo wu jiang leng .yun gao chu dian qiu .ren gui zhou .feng fan wu shu .xie yang du yi lou .ru guan liang bin po .qing shan lao lei duo .man zhuo xian ren jiu .xiang fu yue nv ge .qie cuo tuo .wan chou qian hen .nai yu chen zui he .fu rong ning xiao shuang .mu xi piao wan xiang .ye shui shuang ou jing .xi feng yi yan xiang .li can yang .jiang shan ru hua .juan you fei gu xiang .gu xiang yin xin chen .gu yuan cao mu shen .feng huo lian san yue .jia shu di wan jin .xi chen yin .gong ming wang ren .duan ran gui qu xin .gong ming lan jing kan .bei ge ba jian dan .xin shi yu yuan mu .qian cheng di chu fan .shi tu jian .jian sheng chang tan .man tian xing dou han .chang hong qi wei shou .lao tian chun you qiu .ni lv xin feng she .xiu deng wang can lou .ji duo chou .bai yun fei jin .wu jiang ri ye liu .gu yuan tian yi fang .gao cheng lei shu xing .fang cao mi ying wu .qing chuan ge han yang .mu shan chang .yan bo jiang shang .chou ren ji duan chang .juan tian yuan .song jing jiu .ju qi huang .yu cheng feng yu gui qu .ce zhang cong xiang yang .wu wai gan kun zi zai .hu li wu chen ri yue .qian sui ao yi huang .tian yi wei ying xu .jun guo yao ping zhang .tian guan cheng che jian zhu qi .chi fan qian ya feng juan pi .er long huan jia cang ran chui .yin xiang bang qie wen ji sui .shuang can tui e ru wei chi .xing cong guan fu duo wei yi .shui guan zi you zhen long qi .liang zuo bing kua jing wei chi .bu qu qun li guai yan mei .yun sheng hai mian wu duan ya .lei bu chu shang xiang yu qi .ren shen shou zhua fu gu chi .hou you tong lei xie qie chui .ci zhi lei jing feng nang chui .qing she you jiao yu zu qi .shang xia yin dao shen suo shi .di guan ji shi bu ke zhi .ci hua chuan shi yan ling wei .she se xian run bi fa qi .juan li ni hua ji zi pi .wu sheng long wang duo lie hui .ba zhou zhan wan wang chen chui .li cheng shan shui xiao jing yi .huang tu hua zhu que yong zhi .han gan ma ben mo da shi .shen jun du shi cun hao li .ri gao fu xiao yan zi chi .xie hou huo jian he yan pi .hou xie zhu weng yi bu shuai .ta ri bao mu kan wu yi .

想到这些暗自惭愧，整日整夜念念不忘。
3.适：往、回去。适市回：去集市上回来(lai)。幽王究竟杀的(de)是(shi)谁？哪里得来这个褒姒？
⑹见说：告知，说明。 晋张华《博物志》卷三：“牵牛人乃惊问曰：‘何由至此？’此人见说来意，并问此是何处。”也有(you)听说的意思。 唐李白《送友(you)人入蜀》诗：“见说 蚕丛(cong) 路，崎岖不易行。”旅途在青山外，在碧绿的江水前行舟。
【窃会（kuài）计之(zhi)余功】窃，偷得，这里即“利用(yong)”之意。会计，指征收钱谷、管理财务行政等事务。余功，公事之余。栖居在山里的鸟儿，欢聚在桑林中放声歌唱。
⑤是：这（指对人的态度）。回想起往日在家还是闺秀之时，人们都说（我）举动之间都有美丽的影姿。
⑸清光：清亮的光辉。此指月光。唐军抗战叛军，沙尘使云海昏暗无光。
（22）川既漾(yang)而济深：河水荡漾而深，很难渡过。这两句是说路远水长归路艰难。

　　“兰溪三日桃花雨，半夜鲤鱼来上滩。”船继续前行，不觉意间已从平缓如镜的水面驶到滩头。听到滩声哗哗，诗人才联想到连日春雨，兰溪水涨，滩声听起来也变得更加急骤了。在滩声中，似乎时不时听到鱼儿逆水而行时发出的泼刺声，诗人又不禁想到，这该是撒欢的鲤鱼趁着春江涨水，在奔滩而上了。南方二三月间桃花开时，每有绵绵春雨。这种持续不断的细雨，能使江水上涨，却不会使水色变浑，所以次句有水清如镜的描写，如果是北方的桃花汛，则自无“山色镜中看”的清澈之景。由此可见诗人观察事物描写景物的真切。因是夜中行舟，夜色本来比较黯淡朦胧，这里特意选用“桃花雨”的字面，感觉印象中便增添了黑暗的冬天色彩；夜间本来比较宁静，这里特意写到鲤鱼上滩的声响，遂使静夜增添了活泼的生命跃动气息。实际上，这里所写的“三月桃花雨”与“鲤鱼来上滩”都不是目接之景，前者因滩声喧哗而有此联想，后者因游鱼泼刺而有此猜测。两者都是诗人的想象之景。正因为多了这一层想像的因素，诗情便显得更为浓郁。
　　竹的生存环境，总是猗猗静谧幽雅，醉心在竹的世界里，可以弥补人的心理缺陷和远离凡尘的愉悦、超脱！可以获得暂时的心理平衡。
　　“却把渔竿寻小径，闲梳鹤发对斜晖”，景物的转换深处是归家路途的缓缓延伸，弯弯曲曲的小径，踏着秋日的余晖，手把钓竿的老《渔父》张志和 古诗正在悠闲地拢梳着那满头稀疏的白发，路在脚下徐徐延伸。老人脸上微微的笑意，那是洗尽尘滓，超然世外的满足感，诗人运用绘画的艺术手法，描绘出包孕性的瞬间。“闲梳鹤发对斜晖”，完美地传递出老《渔父》张志和 古诗自在悠闲的心理状态。“小径”颇有象征意味，不妨看作是一条自然出世的桃源路。
　　作为一位才气“陵轶飞免”的英才，贾谊留存下来的赋像他的鸿文巨论一样“沾溉后人,其泽甚远”。贾谊赋在赋史上具有“振其绪”之功。既上承楚骚的余绪。又奠定了汉代骚体赋的基础。在贾谊仅存的四篇赋中，《《吊屈原赋》贾谊 古诗》是以文辞清丽，抒情浓郁而饮誉于世的。 “辞清而理哀”，刘勰对《《吊屈原赋》贾谊 古诗》的这一评价的确是中肯之语，道出了贾谊这篇短赋被历代文人心慕手追的原因。贾谊的境遇与屈原相类似，因而在此赋中作者借屈原以自况，用清丽的言辞，抒写出悲愤哀伤的感情。
　　诗中写的画景是一幅“水乡秋色”，或可称作“水乡秋意”。首二句给读者展示一片萧疏的水乡深秋景象。把“野水”和三四两句联系来看，画中的水面是很远阔的。首二句所写是近处的岸边景象。“参差”是不整齐之意，这里是形容水和岸相接处的形象。由于深秋水落，岸边突出许多干地，同时水也停留在一些曲折处，于是水岸边呈现出参差之状，夏季烟水弥漫时这一切都是不存在的。下面继以“落涨痕”，表明秋水下落后旧日水涨淹没的岸边河床又都呈露出来了。这句展现出的是一派湾荒水涸的景象。次句写岸边景物。“疏林”点明秋景，与末句“黄叶村”前后相应，构成秋象。首句所写的水岸也可认为是冬天的景象，而“疏林”既别于木叶尽脱，更不同于枝叶浓密，只能是袅袅秋风中的树林。“疏林”下接以“欹倒”，使形象丰富多姿，更富画意。“出霜根”生于“落涨痕”，涨痕退落后霜根露出，一“落”一“出”，上下相应。“落涨痕”与“出霜根”，在“疏林”的映照下，具有浓厚的深秋意味。
　　庾信留仕北朝后，常常面对异域风物而起羁旅之叹。但这首诗所描写的边塞景象，并不一定是即目所见，而是综合若干具有北方特征的景物，再结合几个典故，构成冷落萧索的总体印象，借以抒写出心头的凄凉之感。
　　第三乐章，手法一变，“湘君玉马上神云，碎佩丛铃满烟雨。”不是一句一个意境，而是用两句同写一个意境。乐声于沉静之中又飞扬了起来，有如湘君骑着宝马自天外远远而来。这个感觉极细，正是捉住了瓯声从轻而渐扬的音步。湘君身上的佩玉发出丁东之声，和着马脖子上的鸾铃锵锵。有轻有重，有急有徐，却又是如此的和谐。正因为从敲着盛水的杯子发出的声音吧，所以听来都带有水的滋润。不是响晴的天空那种爽朗的声音，而是仿佛从烟雨中发出的；因而都沾上了水的滋润。“碎佩丛铃满烟雨”，温庭筠确实是有着音乐家的耳朵。他是这样准确地捕捉到了乐声燥湿的质感，他又有着文学家的手，能把它换成立体声的画面传给了读者。这就使得千百年后的读者，也能通过他留下的非常富有特色的画面，而想象得到这支音乐的节奏：第一乐章是宏大的，第二乐章是宁静的，而到了第三乐章则飞越而悠扬，恰似音乐最好的结尾。
　　第一首写诗人入淮时的心情。首两句总起、入题。交代了出使的行程和抑郁的心情，为这一组诗奠定了基调。诗人离开洪泽湖之沙岸一进入淮河，胸怀就烦乱、骚动，这是因为昔日国中流水今日已为边境界线。这两句写出了南宋人面对长淮时心理上独特的变化。后两句写感慨，是“意不佳”的原因之一。“桑乾”即永定河上游的桑乾河，在今山西省北部与河北省的西北部，唐代这里是北方少数民族的交接处。唐代诗人雍陶《渡桑乾水》一诗有“南客岂曾谙塞北，年年唯见雁飞回”之句，表示过了桑乾河才是中国的“塞北”的意思。刘皂《渡桑乾》也有“无端更渡桑干水，却望并州是故乡”之句。在北宋，苏辙元祐五年在出使契丹回国离开辽境时所写的《渡桑乾》一诗中仍曾这样写道：“胡人送客不忍去，久安和好依中原。年年相送桑乾上，欲话白沟一惆怅。”正因为前人有过那样的边境观念，所以现在作者说“何必”，表面看来似乎是不满于前人的看法，其实诗人正是通过这种不满的语气在今不如昔的对比中表达对江山半壁的哀惋和对朝廷偏安的怨恨，这是一种委婉的表达方式。“天涯”原指极远的地方，这里指宋、金以淮河为界的边境线。这两句是说：何必要到遥远的桑乾河才是塞北边境呢，而今淮河以北不就是天的尽头了么！诗人说桑乾用“远”字，称准河却用“天涯”，一方面强调了淮河的边界意念、一方面渲染了淮河的遥远。这种渲染进一步表达了作者对南宋王朝心理上弃北逃南、政策上妥协投降，视国土沦陷于不顾，置中原人民于不救的哀怨和不满。
　　最后两句是思妇的内心独白：眼下已是木叶纷飞的深秋，等到裁就寒衣，寄到远在千里之外的陇首塞北，那里已是春回大地，应当穿上春装了，哪里能及时见到我寄去的御寒的冬衣呢？这一设想，不仅显示了南北两地的遥隔，而且透露出思妇对远人的体贴与关切，将捣衣的行动所包含的深情蜜意进一步表现出来了。